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2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Open Problems on the Cross-correlation of m-Sequences

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Abstract

Pseudorandom sequences are important for many applications in communication systems, in coding theory, and in the design of stream ciphers. Maximum-length linear sequences (or m-sequences) are popular in sequence designs due to their long period and excellent pseudorandom properties. In code-division multiple-access (CDMA) applications, there is a demand for large families of sequences having good correlation properties. The best families of sequences in these applications frequently use m-sequences in their constructions. Therefore, the problem of determining the correlation properties of m-sequences has received a lot of attention since the 1960s, and many interesting theoretical results of practical interest have been obtained. The cross-correlation of m-sequences is also related to other important problems, such as almost perfect nonlinear functions (APN) and almost bent functions (AB), and to the nonlinearity of S-boxes in many block ciphers including AES. This chapter gives an updated survey of the cross-correlation of m-sequences and describes some of the most important open problems that still remain in this area.

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7.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Dobbertin, P. Felke, T. Helleseth, P. Rosendahl, Niho type cross-correlation functions via Dickson polynomials and Kloosterman sums. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 52(2), 613–627 (2006) Dickson polynomials were used for the first time to find the crosscorrelation between m-sequences. The paper also settled the correlation distribution of many new decimations with 4-valued crosscorrelation. H. Dobbertin, P. Felke, T. Helleseth, P. Rosendahl, Niho type cross-correlation functions via Dickson polynomials and Kloosterman sums. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 52(2), 613–627 (2006) Dickson polynomials were used for the first time to find the crosscorrelation between m-sequences. The paper also settled the correlation distribution of many new decimations with 4-valued crosscorrelation.
8.
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9.
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10.
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11.
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12.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Helleseth, Some results about the cross-correlation function between two maximal linear sequences. Discrete Math. 16(3), 209–232 (1976) This paper contains many basic results on the crosscorrelations of m-sequences. The first nonbinary decimation is found giving a four-valued crosscorrelation between two m-sequences. The distributions of several decimations are completely settled. The − 1 conjecture is stated in this paper. T. Helleseth, Some results about the cross-correlation function between two maximal linear sequences. Discrete Math. 16(3), 209–232 (1976) This paper contains many basic results on the crosscorrelations of m-sequences. The first nonbinary decimation is found giving a four-valued crosscorrelation between two m-sequences. The distributions of several decimations are completely settled. The − 1 conjecture is stated in this paper.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Helleseth, Crosscorrelation of m-sequences, exponential sums and Dickson polynomials. IEICE Trans. Fundamentals E93A(11), 2212–2219 (2010) Presents a survey on the crosscorrelation between binary m-sequences having at most 5-valued crosscorrelation with a focus on the many connections between exponential sums and Dickson polynomials. T. Helleseth, Crosscorrelation of m-sequences, exponential sums and Dickson polynomials. IEICE Trans. Fundamentals E93A(11), 2212–2219 (2010) Presents a survey on the crosscorrelation between binary m-sequences having at most 5-valued crosscorrelation with a focus on the many connections between exponential sums and Dickson polynomials.
14.
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15.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Helleseth, P. Rosendahl, New pairs of m-sequences with 4-level cross-correlation. Finite Fields Appl. 11(4), 674–683 (2005) This paper introduced new decimations with 4-valued cross correlation. T. Helleseth, P. Rosendahl, New pairs of m-sequences with 4-level cross-correlation. Finite Fields Appl. 11(4), 674–683 (2005) This paper introduced new decimations with 4-valued cross correlation.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat H.D.L. Hollmann, Q. Xiang, A proof of the Welch and Niho conjectures on cross-correlations of binary m-sequences. Finite Fields Appl. 7(2), 253–286 (2001) This paper completed the proof of two decimations, for odd m, that were conjectured by Niho to lead to 3-valued crosscorrelation. H.D.L. Hollmann, Q. Xiang, A proof of the Welch and Niho conjectures on cross-correlations of binary m-sequences. Finite Fields Appl. 7(2), 253–286 (2001) This paper completed the proof of two decimations, for odd m, that were conjectured by Niho to lead to 3-valued crosscorrelation.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Johansen, T. Helleseth, A family of m-sequences with five-valued cross correlation. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 55(2), 880–887 (2009) The distribution of the crosscorrelation of pairs of m-sequences with decimations giving five-valued crosscorrelation was found using techniques involving Dickson polynomials. A. Johansen, T. Helleseth, A family of m-sequences with five-valued cross correlation. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 55(2), 880–887 (2009) The distribution of the crosscorrelation of pairs of m-sequences with decimations giving five-valued crosscorrelation was found using techniques involving Dickson polynomials.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Johansen, T. Helleseth, A. Kholosha, Further results on m-sequences with five-valued cross correlation. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 55(12), 5792–5802 (2009) This paper extends the results in [17] to other decimations with five-valued crosscorrelation. Some results depend on open conjectures on some exponential sums. A. Johansen, T. Helleseth, A. Kholosha, Further results on m-sequences with five-valued cross correlation. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 55(12), 5792–5802 (2009) This paper extends the results in [17] to other decimations with five-valued crosscorrelation. Some results depend on open conjectures on some exponential sums.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Kasami, The weight enumerators for several classes of subcodes of the 2nd order binary Reed–Muller codes. Inf. Control 18(4), 369–394 (1971) The author determined the weight enumerator of some subcodes of the 2nd order Reed–Muller. A consequence of these results is a proof of the Kasami–Welch decimation leading to 3-valued crosscorrelation. This decimation was also proved by Welch (unpublished). T. Kasami, The weight enumerators for several classes of subcodes of the 2nd order binary Reed–Muller codes. Inf. Control 18(4), 369–394 (1971) The author determined the weight enumerator of some subcodes of the 2nd order Reed–Muller. A consequence of these results is a proof of the Kasami–Welch decimation leading to 3-valued crosscorrelation. This decimation was also proved by Welch (unpublished).
20.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Katz, Weil sums of binomials, three-level cross-correlation and a conjecture by Helleseth. J. Combin. Theory A 119(8), 1644–1659 (2012) The paper gives a solution of the conjecture of Helleseth that for n = 2 i and p = 2 the crosscorrelation takes on at least 4 values. D. Katz, Weil sums of binomials, three-level cross-correlation and a conjecture by Helleseth. J. Combin. Theory A 119(8), 1644–1659 (2012) The paper gives a solution of the conjecture of Helleseth that for n = 2 i and p = 2 the crosscorrelation takes on at least 4 values.
21.
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22.
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23.
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24.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Sarwate, M. Pursley, Crosscorrelation properties of pseudorandom and related sequences. Proc. IEEE, 68(5), 593–619 (1980) This is a classical and excellent survey of the crosscorrelation between m-sequences. D. Sarwate, M. Pursley, Crosscorrelation properties of pseudorandom and related sequences. Proc. IEEE, 68(5), 593–619 (1980) This is a classical and excellent survey of the crosscorrelation between m-sequences.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat H.M. Trachtenberg, On the Cross-Correlation Functions of Maximal Linear Recurring Sequences, Ph.D. thesis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 1970 The main result is the two families of decimation giving three-valued crosscorrelation. These are the only decimations that work for all nonbinary m-sequences. H.M. Trachtenberg, On the Cross-Correlation Functions of Maximal Linear Recurring Sequences, Ph.D. thesis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 1970 The main result is the two families of decimation giving three-valued crosscorrelation. These are the only decimations that work for all nonbinary m-sequences.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Zhang, S. Li, T. Feng, G. Ge, Some new results on the cross correlation of m-sequences. arXiv:1309.7734 [cs.IT] This recent paper gives new ternary decimations with four-valued crosscorrelation. T. Zhang, S. Li, T. Feng, G. Ge, Some new results on the cross correlation of m-sequences. arXiv:1309.7734 [cs.IT] This recent paper gives new ternary decimations with four-valued crosscorrelation.
Metadaten
Titel
Open Problems on the Cross-correlation of m-Sequences
verfasst von
Tor Helleseth
Copyright-Jahr
2014
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10683-0_8