Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
A Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2005 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

P

verfasst von : Mark D. Merlin, Patrick D. Nunn, John C. Kraft, Donald L. Forbes, Ian Shennan, E. Robert Thieler, Cheryl J. Hapke, Michael S. Bruno, Paul D. Komar, Dieter H. Kelletat, Detlef A. Warnke, Hillert Ibbeken, Joost H. J. Terwindt, George A. Maul, Nicholas C. Kraus

Erschienen in: Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Excerpt

The ecology of the tropics is an incredibly complex subject, probably far too complex to be grasped in its entirety by the human mind. Yet it is of the greatest urgency that it should be sufficiently understood so as to help man utilize tropical lands without utterly destroying the region eventually as a human habitat.
Marie-Helen Sachet, 1967, Botanist, Smithsonian Institute (cf. National Biodiversity Team of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, 2000, inside front cover).
…

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel O
Nächstes Kapitel R
Literatur
1.
Baines, G.B.K., 1981. Mangrove Resources and their Management in the South Pacific. Noumea, New Caledonia: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme.
2.
Borowitzka, M.A., 1981. Algae and grazing in coral reef ecosystems. Endeavour, 5: 99–106.
3.
Bortone, S.A. (ed.), 2000. Seagrasses: Monitoring, Ecology, Physiology, and Management. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press.
4.
Birkeland, C., 1997. Implications for resource management. In Birkeland, C. (ed.), Life and Death of Coral Reefs. New York: Chapman & Hall, pp. 411–435.
5.
Carlquist, S., 1974. Island Biology. New York: Columbia University Press.
6.
Chapman, V.J., 1976. Mangrove Vegetation. Vaduz: J. Cramer.
7.
den Hartog, C., 1970. The Sea-grasses of the World. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co.
8.
Field, C.D., 1995. Journey amongst Mangroves. Okinawa, Japan: International Society of Mangrove Ecosystems.
9.
Grigg, R.W., 1983. Community structure, succession and development of coral reefs in Hawaii. Marine Ecological Progress Series, 11: 1–14.
10.
Grigg, R.W., and Dollar, S.J., 1990. Natural and anthropogenic disturbance on coral reefs. In Z.E. Dubinsky (ed.), Coral Reefs: Ecosystems of the World. Vol. 25. New York and Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co. Inc., pp. 439–452.
11.
Grigg, R.W., and Maragos, J.E., 1974. Recolonization of hermatypic corals on submergedlava flows in Hawaii. Ecology, 55: 387–395.
12.
Gulko, D., 1998. Hawaiian Coral Reef Ecology. Honolulu: Mutual Publishing.
13.
Hamilton, Lawrence, S., and Snedaker, Samuel, C. (eds.), 1991. Handbook for Mangrove Area Management. New York and Honolulu: United Nations Environment Programme and East-West Center, Environment and Policy Institute.
14.
Hunter, C.L., and Evans, C.W., 1995. Coral Reefs in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii: two centuries of western influence and two decades of data. Bulletin of Marine Science, 57: 501–515.
15.
Jokiel, P.L., 1987. Ecology, Biogeography and evolution of corals in Hawaii. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2: 179–182.
16.
Juvik, S., and Juvik, J.O., 1998. Atlas of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
17.
Kirch, P.V., 2000. On the Road of the Winds: An Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands before European Contact. Berkeley: University of California Press.
18.
Lugo, Ariel E., and Snedaker, S.C., 1974. The ecology of mangroves. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 5: 39–64.
19.
Manner, H.I., 1987. Atoll flora and vegetation. Alafua Agricultural Bulletin, 12: 67–80.
20.
Maragos, J.E., Crosby, M.E., and McManus, J.W., 1996. Coral reefs and biodiversity: a critical and threatened relationship. Oceanography, 9: 83–99.
21.
Mathieson, C., and Nienhuis, P.H. (eds.), 1991. Seagrass ecosystems in the Tropical West Pacific. Ecosystems of the World 24. Intertidal and Littoral Ecosystems. New York: Elsevier.
22.
McClanahan, T.R., 1997. Primary succession of coral-reef algae: differing patterns on fished versus unfished reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 218: 77–102.
23.
Merlin, M., 2000. A history of ethnobotany in Remote Oceania. Pacific Science, 54: 275–287.
24.
Merlin, M., and Juvik, J., 1996. Irá me Neeniier nón Chuuk: Plants and their Environments in Chuuk. Honolulu: Program on Environment, East-West Center.
25.
Merlin, M., Capelle, A., Keene, T., Juvik, J., and Maragos, J., 1997. Keinikkan Im Melan Aelon Kein: Plants and Environments of The Marshall Islands. Honolulu: Program on Environment, East-West Center.
26.
Merlin, M., Jano, D., Raynor, W., Keene, T., Juvik, J., and Sebastian, B., 1992. Tuhke en Pohnpei: Plants of Pohnpei. Honolulu: Environment and Policy Institute, East-West Center.
27.
Merlin, M., Taulung, R., and Juvik, J., 1993. Sahk Kap Ac Kain In Can Kosrae: Plants and Environments of Kosrae. Honolulu: Program on Environment, East-West Center.
28.
Moore, J.G., Normark, W.R., and Holcomb, R.T., 1994. Giant Hawaiian underwater landslides. Science, 264: 46–47.
29.
Mueller-Dombois, D., and Fosberg, F.R., 1998. Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands. New York: Springer Press.
30.
National Biodiversity Team of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, 2000. The Marshall Islands-Living Atolls Amidst the Living Sea, The National Biodiversity Report of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Santa Clarita, CA: St. Hildegard Publishing Company.
31.
Por, F.D., and Dor, I. (eds.), 1984. Hydrobiology of the Mangal: the Ecosystem of the Mangrove. The Hague and Boston: W. Junk.
32.
Richmond, R.H., 1993. Coral reefs: present problems and future concerns resulting from anthropogenic disturbance. American Zoologist, 33: 524–536.
33.
Stemmerman, L., l981. A Guide to Pacific Wetland Plants. Honolulu: US Army Corps of Engineers.
34.
Steven, A., and Larkum, A.W.D., 1993. Encore: the effects of nutrient enrichment on coral reefs. Search, 24(8): 216–220.
35.
Stoddart, D.R., 1992. Biogeography of the Tropical Pacific. Pacific Science, 46(2): 276–293.
36.
Teas, H.J. (ed.), 1983. Biology and Ecology of Mangroves. The Hague and Boston: Dr. W. Junk.
37.
Tomlinson, P.B., 1986. The Botany of Mangroves. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
38.
Whistler, W.A., 1994. Flowers of the Pacific Islands Seashore. Honolulu: Isle Botanica.
1.
Bloom, A.L., 1970. Holocene submergence in Micronesia as the standard for eustatic sea-level changes. Quaternaria, 12: 145–154.
2.
Chappell, J., 1974. Geology of coral terraces, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea: a study of Quaternary tectonic movements and sea level changes. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 85: 553–570.
3.
Coyne, M., Mullane, R., Fletcher, C., and Richmond, B., 1996. Losing Oahu: erosion on the Hawaiian coast. Geotime s, December 1996: 23–26.
4.
Dana, J.D., 1872. Corals and Coral Islands. New York: Dodd, Mead.
5.
Hill, R.J., 1996. Niue and adjacent seamounts. In Suva, Fiji: South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission. Meylan, M.A., and Glasby, G.P. (eds.), Manihiki Plateau, Machias and Capricorn Seamounts, Niue, and Tonga Trough: Results of Tui Cruises, Vol. 10. SOPAC Technical Bulletin, pp. 31–44.
6.
Keating, B., 1987. Structural failure and drowning of Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific Basin. In Keating, B.H., Fryer, P., Batiza, R., and Boehlert, G.W. (eds.), Seamounts, Islands and Atolls. Washington: American Geophysical Union (Monograph 45): 49–59.
7.
Keating, B.H., and McGuire, W.J., 2000. Island edifice failures and associated tsunami hazards. Pure Applied Geophysics, 157: 899–955.
8.
Kirch, P.V., and Hunt, T.L. (eds.), (1997). Historical Ecology in the Pacific Islands: Prehistoric Environmental and Landscape Change. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
9.
McLean, R.F., and Hosking, P.L., 1991. Geomorphology of reef islands and atoll motu in Tuvalu. South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, 11: 167–189.
10.
Menard, H.W., 1986. Islands. New York: Scientific American Books.
11.
Moore, J.G., and Moore, G.W., 1984. Deposit from a giant wave on the island of Lanai, Hawaii. Science, 226: 1312–1315.
12.
Moore, J.G., Bryan, W.B., and Ludwig, K.R., 1994. Chaotic deposition by a giant wave, Molokai, Hawaii. Geological. Society of America, Bulletin, 106: 962–967.
13.
Neumann, A.C., and MacIntyre, I., 1985. Reef response to sea-level rise: keep-up, catch-up or give-up. In Proceedings of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress, 3: 105–110.
14.
Nunn, P.D., 1994. Oceanic Islands. Oxford: Blackwell.
15.
Nunn, P.D., 1995. Holocene sea-level changes in the South and West Pacific. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue 17: 311–319.
16.
Nunn, P.D., 1998a. Pacific Island Landscapes. Suva: Institute of Pacific Studies.
17.
Nunn, P.D., 1998b. Late Quaternary tectonic change on the islands of the northern Lau-Colville Ridge, southwest Pacific. In Stewart, I.S., and Vita-Finzi, C. (eds.), Coastal Tectonics, Vol. 146. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, pp. 269–278.
18.
Nunn, P.D., 1999a. Environmental Change in the Pacific Basin: Chronologies, Causes, Consequences. London: Wiley.
19.
Nunn, P.D., 1999b. Pacific Island beaches-a diminishing resource? Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) Newsletter, 5(2): 1–3.
20.
Nunn, P.D., 2000a. Environmental catastrophe in the Pacific Islands about AD 1300. Geoarchaeology, 15: 715–740.
21.
Nunn, P.D., 2000b. Coastal changes over the past two hundred years around Ovalau and Moturiki Islands, Fiji: implications for coastalzone management. Australian Geographer, 31: 21–39.
22.
Nunn, P.D., 2001. Ecological crises or marginal disruptions: the effects of the first humans on Pacific Islands. New Zealand Geographer, 57: 11–20.
23.
Nunn, P.D., and Britton, J.M.R., 2001. Human-environment relationships in the Pacific Islands around AD 1300. Environment and History, 7: 3–22.
24.
Nunn, P.D., and Finau, F.T., 1995. Late Holocene emergence history of Tongatapu island, South Pacific. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 339: 69–95.
25.
Nunn, P.D., and Peltier, W.R., 2001. Far-field test of the ICE-4G (VM2) model of global isostatic response to deglaciation: empirical and theoretical Holocene sea-level reconstructions for the Fiji Islands, Southwest Pacific. Quaternary Research, 55: 203–214.
26.
Nunn, P.D., Veitayaki, J., Ram-Bidesi, V., and Vunisea, A., 1999. Coastal issues for oceanic islands: implications for human futures. Natural Resources Forum, 23: 195–207.
27.
Siebert, L., 1992. Threats from debris avalanches. Nature, 356: 658–659.
1.
Belknap, D.F., Kraft, J.C., and Dunn, R.K., 1994. Transgressive Valley-Fill Lithosomes: Delaware and Maine. In Dalyrymple, R.W., and Zaitlin, B.A. (eds.), Incised Valley Systems: Origin and Sedimentary Sequences. Tulsa: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), SEPM Special Publication No. 51, pp. 304–320.
2.
Fairbridge, R.W., 1992. Holocene marine Coastal Evolution in the United States. In Fletcher, C.H., III, and Wehmiller, J.F. (eds.), Quaternary Coasts of the United States: Marine and Lacustrine Systems. Tulsa: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), SEPM Special Publication No. 48, pp. 9–20.
3.
Kraft, J.C., and Chrzastowski, M.J., 1985. Coastal Stratigraphic Sequences. In Davis, R. A. (ed.), Coastal Sedimentary Environments, 2nd edn. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 626–663.
4.
Kraft, J.C., Chrzastowski, M.J., Belknap, D.F., Toscano, M.A., and Fletcher, C.H., III, 1987. The Transgressive barrier-lagoon coast of Delaware: morphostratigraphy, sedimentary sequences and responses to relative rise in sea level. In Nummedal, D., Pilkey, O.H., and Howard, J.D. (eds.), Sea-Level Fluctuation and Coastal Evolution. Tulsa: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 41, pp. 129–143.
5.
Kraft, J.C., Kayan, İ Brückner, H., and Rapp, G., Jr., 2000. Geologic Analysis of ancient landscapes and the harbors of ancient Ephesus and the Artemision in Anatolia. Ergänzungshefte, Jahresheften des Österreichischen Archäologisches Institut, 69: 175–233.
6.
Kraft, J.C., Kayan, İ, and Brückner, H., 2001. The geological and paleogeographical environs of the Artemision. In Muss, U. (ed.), Der Kosmos der Artemis von Ephesos, Wien: Österreichischen Archäologisches Institut, Sonderschriften Band 37, 123–133, Tafel 5-6
1.
Boyd, R., Bowen, A.J., and Hall, R.K., 1987. An evolutionary model for transgressive sedimentation on the Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. In FitzGerald, D.M., and Rosen, P.S. (eds.), Glaciated Coasts. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 87–114.
2.
Carter, R.W.G., Orford, J.D., Forbes, D.L., and Taylor, R.B., 1990. Morphosedimentary development of drumlin-flank barriers in a zone of rapidly rising sea level, Story Head, Nova Scotia. Sedimentary Geology, 69: 117–138.
3.
Carter, R.W.G., Orford, J.D., Jennings, S.C., Shaw, J., and Smith, J.P., 1992. Recent evolution of a paraglacial estuary under conditions of rapid sea-level rise: Chezzetcook Inlet, Nova Scotia. Proceedings of Geological Association, 103: 167–185.
4.
Church, M., and Ryder, J.M., 1972. Paraglacial sedimentation: a consideration of fluvial processes conditioned by glaciation. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 83: 3059–3072.
5.
Forbes, D.L., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 1994. Paraglacial coasts. In Carter, R.W.G., and Woodroffe, C.D. (eds.), Coastal Evolution: Late Quaternary Shoreline Morphodynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 373–424.
6.
Forbes, D.L., and Taylor, R.B., 1987. Coarse-grained beach sedimentation under paraglacial conditions, Canadian Atlantic coast. In FitzGerald, D.M., and Rosen, P.S. (eds.), Glaciated Coasts. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 51–86
7.
Forbes, D.L., Orford, J.D., Carter, R.W.G., Shaw, J., and Jennings, S.C., 1995. Morphodynamic evolution, self-organisation, and instability of coarse-clastic barriers on paraglacial coasts. Marine Geology, 126: 63–85.
8.
Johnson, D., 1925. The New England—Acadian Shoreline. New York: Wiley [facsimile edn. 1967, New York and London: Hafner].
9.
Orford, J.D., Carter, R.W.G., and Jennings, S.C., 1996. Control domains and morphological phases in gravel-dominated coastal barriers of Nova Scotia. Journal of Coastal Research, 12: 589–604.
10.
Shaw, J., and Forbes, D.L., 1992. Barriers, barrier platforms, and spillover deposits in St. George’s Bay, Newfoundland: paraglacial sedimentation on the flanks of a deep coastal basin. Marine Geology, 105: 119–140.
1.
Allen, J.R.L., 2000. Morphodynamics of Holocene salt marshes: a review sketch from the Atlantic and southern North Sea coasts of Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 19: 1155–1232.
2.
Jones, A.P., Tucker, M.E., and Hart, J.K. (eds.) 1999. The description and analysis of Quaternary stratigraphic field sections. Technical Guide 7, London: Quaternary Research Association.
3.
Shennan, I., Long, A.J., Rutherford, M.M., Green, F.M., Innes, J.B., Lloyd, J.M., Zong, Y., and Walker, K.J., 1996. Tidal marsh stratigraphy, sea-level change and large earthquakes, 1: a 5000 year record in Washington, USA. Quaternary Science Reviews, 15: 1023–1059.
4.
Troels-Smith, J., 1955. Characterization of unconsolidated sediments. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, Series IV, 3: 38–73.
5.
van de Plassche, O., (ed.), 1986. Sea-Level Research: A Manual for the Collection and Evaluation of Data. Norwich: Geo Books.
6.
Waller, M. (ed.), 1994. The Fenland Project 9: Flandrian Environmental Change in Fenland. East Anglian Archaeology Report No. 70, Cambridge: Cambridgeshire Archaeological Committee.
1.
Ackerman, F., 1996. Techniques and strategies for DEM generation. In Greve, C. (ed.), Digital Photogrammetry: An Addendum to the Manual of Photogrammetry. Bethesda: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, pp. 135–141.
2.
American Society of Photogrammetry, 1980. Manual of Photogrammetry, 4th edn. Falls Church: American Society of Photogrammetry.
3.
Anders, F.J., and Byrnes, M.R., 1991. Accuracy of shoreline change rates as determined from maps and aerial photographs. Shore and Beach, 59(1): 17–26.
4.
Brown, D.G., and Arbogast, A.F., 1999. Digital photogrammetric change analysis as applied to active coastal dunes in Michigan. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 65: 467–474.
5.
Clow, J.B., and Leatherman, S.P., 1984. Metric mapping: an automated technique of shoreline mapping. In Falls Chorch, Virginia Proceedings, 44th American Congress on Surveying and Mapping. American Society of Photogrammetry, pp. 309–318.
6.
Crowell, M., Leatherman, S.P., and Buckley, M.K., 1991. Historical shoreline change: error analysis and mapping accuracy. Journal of Coastal Research, 7: 839–852.
7.
Dolan, R., Hayden, B., and Heywood, J., 1978. A new photogrammetric method for determining shoreline erosion. Coastal Engineering, 2: 21–39.
8.
Dolan, R., Hayden, B.P., May, P., and May, S., 1980. The reliability of shoreline change measurements from aerial photographs. Shore and Beach, 48(4): 22–29.
9.
Falkner, E., 1995. Aerial Mapping Methods and Applications. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers.
10.
Hapke, C., and Richmond, B., 2000. Monitoring beach morphology changes using small-format aerial photography and digital softcopy photogrammetry. Environmental Geosciences, 7: 32–37.
11.
Hapke, C., Willis, C., and D’Iorio, M., 2000. Going digital: error evaluation of media and scanner types for aerial photographic analyses in coastal change studies. In Proceedings of the American Shore and Beach Preservation Association Annual Meeting, Aug. 6 2–10, Kaanapali, Maui.
12.
Leatherman, S.P., 1983. Shoreline mapping: A comparison of techniques. Shore and Beach, 51: 28–33.
13.
Lucas, J.R., and Lapine, L.A., 1996. Airborne GPS. In Greve, C. (ed.), Digital Photogrammetry: An Addendum to the Manual of Photogrammetry. Bethesda: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, pp. 39–41.
14.
Moore, L.J., 2000. Shoreline mapping techniques. Journal of Coastal Research, 16: 111–124.
15.
Smith, G.L., and Zarillo, G.A., 1990. Calculating long-term shoreline recession rates using aerial photographic and beach profiling techniques. Journal of Coastal Research, 6(1): 111–120.
16.
Stafford, D.B., and Langfelder, J., 1971. Air photo survey of coastal erosion. Photogrammetric Engineering, 37: 565–575.
17.
Thieler, E.R., and Danforth, W.W., 1994a. Historical shoreline mapping (I): improving techniques and reducing positioning errors. Journal of Coastal Research, 10: 549–563.
18.
Thieler, E.R., and Danforth, W.W., 1994b. Historical shoreline mapping (II): application of the Digital Shoreline Mapping and Analysis Systems (DSMS/DSAS) to shoreline change mapping in Puerto Rico. Journal of Coastal Research, 10: 600–620.
1.
American Museum of Natural History, 1996. Codex Leicester, a Masterpiece of Science. New York: American Museum of Natural History.
2.
Dean, R.G., 1973. Heuristic models of sand transport in the surf zone. Proceedings of the Conference on Engineering Dynamics in the Surf Zone, Sydney, pp. 208–214.
3.
Fischer, H.B., List, E.J., Koh, R.C.Y., Imberger, J., and Brooks, N.H., 1979. Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters. New York: Academic Press.
4.
Hughes, S.A., 1993. Physical Models and Laboratory Techniques in Coastal Engineering. New Jersey: World Scientific.
5.
Kamphuis, J.W., 1985. On understanding scale effects in coastal mobile bed models. In Dalrymple, R.A. (ed.), Physical Modeling in Coastal Engineering. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, pp. 141–162.
6.
Kamphuis, J.W., 2000. Designing with models. Proceedings of, International Conference Coastal Engineering, Sydney: American Society of Civil Engineers.
1.
Cronan, D.S., 2000. Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
2.
Komar, P.D., 1989. Physical processes of waves and currents and the formation of marine placers. Reviews in Aquatic Sciences, 1: 393–423.
3.
Roy, P.S., 1999. Heavy mineral beach placers in southeastern Australia. Their nature and genesis. Economic Geology, 94: 567–588.
1.
Dawson, A.G., 1992. Ice Age Earth. Late Quaternary Geology and Climate. London, New York: Routledge.
2.
Ehlers, J., 1996. Quaternary and Glacial Geology. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
3.
Riser, J.A.M., 1999. Quaternary Geology and the Environment. Chichester, UK: Springer.
4.
Shackleton, N.J., and Opdyke, N.D., 1976. Oxygen Isotope and Paleomagnetic Stratigraphy of Pacific Core V 28-239: Late Pliocene to Latest Pleistocene. Geological Society of America, Memoir, 145: 449–464.
1.
Adams, K.D., and Wesnousky, S.G., 1998. Shoreline processes and the age of the Lake Lahontan highstand in the Jessup embayment, Nevada. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110: 1318–1332.
2.
Benson, L., 1999. Records of millenial-scale climate change from the Great Basin of the western United States. American Geophysical Union Monograph, 112: 203–225.
3.
Blair, T.C., 1999. Sedimentology of gravelly highstand shoreline deposits, Churchill Butte, Nevada, USA. Sedimentary Geology, 123: 199–218.
4.
Gilbert, G.K., 1890. Lake Bonneville. US Geological Survey Monograph, 1: 438 pp.
5.
Ibbeken, H., and Warnke, D.A., 2000. The Hanoupah-Fan shoreline deposit at Tule Spring, a gravelly shoreline deposit of Pleistocene Lake Manly, Death Valley, California, USA. Journal of Paleolimnology, 23: 439–447.
6.
Klinger, R.E., 2001. Beatty Junction bar complex. In Machette, M.N., Johnson, M.L., and Slate, J.L. (eds.), Quaternary and Late Pliocene Geology of the Death Valley Region: Recent Observations on Tectonics, Stratigraphy, and Lake Cycles. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-51, pp. A40–A49.
7.
Machette, M., Phillips, F., and Slate, J., 2003. New cosmogenic 36Ce ages for velict soils on alluvial tans in Death Valley, California. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 35: 251–258.
8.
Meek, N., 1997. The elevations of shorelines in Death Valley. San Bernardino County Museum Association, 44: 75–84.
9.
Orme, A.J, and Orme, A.R., 1991. Relict barrier beaches as paleoenvironmental indicators in the California desert. Physical Geography, 12: 334–346.
10.
Oviatt, C.G., and Miller, D.M., 1997. New explorations along the northern shores of Lake Bonneville. BYU Geology Studies, 42: 345–371.
11.
Russel, I.C., 1885. Geological history of Lake Lahontan, a Quaternary lake of northwest Nevada. US Geological Survey Monograph, 11: 288 pp.
12.
Smith, D., Currey, D., and Oviatt, C., 1997. Lake Bonneville classic depositional shore features: geochronology, geomorphology, stratigraphy and sedimentology. Geological Society of America 1997 Annual Meeting Field Trip No. 17, 26 pp.
1.
Van der Ven, G.P. (ed.), 1993. Man-Made Lowlands. History of Water Management and Land Reclamation in The Netherlands. Utrecht: Matrijs.
1.
Knauss, J.A., 1997. Introduction to Physical Oceanography. Second Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2.
Ocean Circulation, Second Edition, 2001. The Open University. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
3.
Sverdrup, H.U., Johnson M.W., and Flemming, R.H., 1942. The Oceans, their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
1.
Emery, K.O., 1961. A simple method of measuring beach profiles. Limnology and Oceanography, 6: 90–93.
2.
Flushman, B.S., 2001. Water Boundaries: Demystifying Land Boundaries Adjacent to Tidal or Navigable Waters. Wiley Series in Surveying and Boundary Control. New York: Wiley.
3.
Gibeaut, J.C., Guitierrez, R., and Kyser, J.A., 1998. Increasing the accuracy and resolution of coastal bathymetric surveys. Journal of Coastal Research, 14(3): 1082–1098.
4.
Grosskopf, W.G., and Kraus, N.C., 1994. Guidelines for surveying beach nourishment projects. Shore & Beach, 62(2): 9–16.
5.
Kraus, N.C., and Heilman, D.J., 1998. Comparison of beach profiles at a seawall and groins, Corpus Christi, Texas. Shore & Beach, 66(2): 4–13.
6.
Kraus, N.C., Larson, M., and Wise, R.A., 1999. Depth of Closure in Beach-Fill Design. Proceedings 12th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology, Tallahassee, Florida: Florida Shore & Beach Preservation Association, pp. 271–286.
7.
Shalowitz, A.L., 1962. Shore and Sea Boundaries. Volume 1: Boundary Problems Associated with the Submerged Lands Cases and the Submerged Lands Act. Publication 10-1, US Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
8.
Shalowitg, A.L., 1964. Shore and Sea Boundaries. Volume 2: Interpretation and Use of Coast and Geodetic Survey Data. Publication 10-1, US. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
9.
Sommerfeld, B.G., Mason, J.M., Larson, M., and Kraus, N.C., 1993. Beach morphology analysis package (BMAP). In Stauble, D.K., and Kraus, N.C. (eds.), Beach Nourishment Engineering and Management Considerations. Proceedings Coastal Zone’ 93, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 162–175.
10.
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 1995. Beach Morphology Analysis Package (BMAP), Version 1. CETN II-34, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS.
11.
Wamsley, T., and Edge, B.L., 2001. Shoreline monitoring program on the Texas Coast by real-time kinematic differential global positioning system. Shore & Beach, 69(1): 25–31.
Metadaten
Titel
P
verfasst von
Mark D. Merlin
Patrick D. Nunn
John C. Kraft
Donald L. Forbes
Ian Shennan
E. Robert Thieler
Cheryl J. Hapke
Michael S. Bruno
Paul D. Komar
Dieter H. Kelletat
Detlef A. Warnke
Hillert Ibbeken
Joost H. J. Terwindt
George A. Maul
Nicholas C. Kraus
Copyright-Jahr
2005
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Buch
Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1903-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4020-3880-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2005

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_16