nach oben

Erschienen in:

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

12. Particle Tribology: Granular, Slurry, and Powder Tribosystems

verfasst von : C. Fred Higgs III, Martin Marinack Jr., Jeremiah Mpagazehe, Randyka Pudjoprawoto

Erschienen in: Tribology for Scientists and Engineers

Verlag: Springer New York

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to give the reader a basic understanding of particles in sliding contact. First, we will describe granular flows (the flow of inelastic particles that transfer momentum primarily through collisions) from a tribology perspective, including modeling and experiments that have been conducted inside and outside of the tribology community. Second, slurry flow (particles in gas or liquids) tribosystems will be discussed including models and experiments related to the flow of particles in fluids. And finally, we conclude with a section on powder lubrication (soft particles which coalesce under load and coat surface asperities), where thick and thin film powder lubrication is discussed along with select modeling and experimental approaches.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Self-Lubricating Behavior of Graphite-Reinforced Composites

Nächstes Kapitel Tribology of Solid Lubricants

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Higgs CF, Tichy J (2004) Granular flow lubrication: continuum modeling of shear behavior. J Tribol 126(3):499–510

Yu C-M, Craig K, Tichy J (1994) Granular collision lubrication. J Rheol 38(4):921–936

Elkholy KN, Khonsari MM (2007) Granular collision lubrication: experimental investigation and comparison to theory. J Tribol 129(4):923

Wornyoh EYA, Jasti VK, Fred Higgs C (2007) A review of dry particulate lubrication: powder and granular materials. J Tribol 129(2):438

McKeague KT, Khonsari MM (1996) An analysis of powder lubricated slider bearings. J Tribol 188(1):206–214

Iordanoff I, Khonsari MM (2004) Granular lubrication: toward an understanding of the transition between kinetic and quasi-fluid regime. J Tribol 126(1):137

Lu K, Brodsky EE, Kavehpour HP. Tribological aspects and fluidity of dense granular flow. In: 2005 ASME international mechanical engineering congress and exposition 2005. American Society of Mechanical Engineers: Orlando, FL, United States. pp 181–190

Roberts AW, Ooms M, Wiche SJ (1990) Concepts of boundary friction adhesion and wear in bulk solids handling. Bulk Solids Handling 10(2):189–198

Lee T, Jia L (2003) Particle attrition by particle-surface friction in dryers. Pharm Technol 27(5):64–72

10.

Higgs III CF, Jasti V, Racusen C, Heller C, Cohen N, Tichy J (2006) On the behavior of granular materials in rough wheel contacts on mars. In: Tenth biennial ASCE aerospace division international conference on engineering, construction, and operations in challenging environments 2006, American Society of Civil Engineers. p. 32

11.

Elliott KE, Ahmadi G, Kvasnak W (1998) Couette flows of a granular monolayer—an experimental study. J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech 74(1):89–111

12.

May LBH, Golick LA, Phillips KC, Shearer M, Daniels KE (2010) Shear-driven size segregation of granular materials: modeling and experiment. Phys Rev E 81(5):051301

13.

Golick L, Daniels K (2009) Mixing and segregation rates in sheared granular materials. Phys Rev E 80(4):042301

14.

Wambaugh J, Behringer R, Matthews J, Gremaud P (2007) Response to perturbations for granular flow in a hopper. Phys Rev E 76(5):051303-1–051303-8

15.

To K, Lai P-Y, Pak H (2001) Jamming of granular flow in a two-dimensional hopper. Phys Rev Lett 86(1):71–74

16.

Samadani A, Pradhan A, Kudrolli A (1999) Size segregation of granular matter in silo discharges. Phys Rev E 60(6):7203–7209

17.

Dhoriyani M, Jonnalagadda K, Kandikatla R, Rao K (2006) Silo music: sound emission during the flow of granular materials through tubes. Powder Technol 167(2):55–71

18.

Ottino JM, Khakhar DV (2000) Mixing and segregation of granular materials. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 32:55–91

19.

Gray JMNT, Ancey C (2009) Segregation, recirculation and deposition of coarse particles near two-dimensional avalanche fronts. J Fluid Mech 629:387

20.

Arteaga P, Tuzun U (1990) Flow of binary mixtures of equal-density granules in hoppers—size segregation, flowing density and discharge rates. Chem Eng Sci 45(1):205–223

21.

Ketterhagen W, Curtis J, Wassgren C, Kong A, Narayan P, Hancock B (2007) Granular segregation in discharging cylindrical hoppers: a discrete element and experimental study. Chem Eng Sci 62(22):6423–6439

22.

Samadani A, Kudrolli A (2001) Angle of repose and segregation in cohesive granular matter. Phys Rev E 64(5):051301

23.

Conway SL, Lekhal A, Khinast JG, Glasser BJ (2005) Granular flow and segregation in a four-bladed mixer. Chem Eng Sci 60(24):7091–7107

24.

May LBH, Shearer M, Daniels KE (2010) Scalar conservation laws with nonconstant coefficients with application to particle size segregation in granular flow. J Nonlinear Sci 20(6):689–707

25.

Hong DC, McLennan JA (1992) Molecular dynamics simulations of hard sphere granular particles. Physica A 187(1):159–171

26.

Corwin EI, Jaeger HM, Nagel SR (2005) Structural signature of jamming in granular media. Nature 435(7045):1075–1078

27.

Garcimartín A, Zuriguel I, Maza D, Pastor JM, Pugnaloni LA. Jamming in granular matter. In: 8th Experimental Chaos Conference2004, AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics, Florence, Italy. pp 279–288

28.

Zhang J, Majmudar TS, Sperl M, Behringer RP (2010) Jamming for a 2D granular material. Soft Matter 6(13):2982

29.

Mailman M, Schreck C, O’Hern C, Chakraborty B (2009) Jamming in systems composed of frictionless ellipse-shaped particles. Phys Rev Lett 102(25):255501

30.

Schreck CF, Xu N, O'Hern CS (2010) A comparison of jamming behavior in systems composed of dimer- and ellipse-shaped particles. Soft Matter 6(13):2960

31.

Liu AJ, Nagel SR (1998) Jamming is not just cool any more. Nature 396:21–22

32.

Shibly H, Iagnemma K, Dubowsky S (2005) An equivalent soil mechanics formulation for rigid wheels in deformable terrain, with application to planetary exploration rovers. J Terramech 42(1):1–13

33.

Liu J, Tang S, Cheng P, Liu S (2012) Influence analysis and evaluation of wheel parameters on motion performance of lunar rover. Inform Technol J 11(2):225–232

34.

Ding L, Deng Z, Gao H, Nagatani K, Yoshida K (2010) Planetary rovers’ wheel–soil interaction mechanics: new challenges and applications for wheeled mobile robots. Intell Serv Robot 4(1):17–38

35.

Marinack MC Jr, Jasti VK, Choi YE, Higgs CF (2011) Couette grain flow experiments: the effects of the coefficient of restitution, global solid fraction, and materials. Powder Technol 211(1):144–155

36.

Sondergaard R, Chaney K, Brennen CE (1990) Measurements of solid spheres bouncing off flat plates. J Appl Mech Trans ASME 57(3):694–699

37.

Kharaz AH, Gorham DA (2000) A study of the restitution coefficient in elastic-plastic impact. Philos Mag Lett 80(8):549–559

38.

Koller MG, Kolsky H (1987) Waves produced by the elastic impact of spheres on thick plates. Int J Solid Struct 23(10):1387–1400

39.

Reed J (1985) Energy losses due to elastic wave propagation during an elastic impact. J Phys D Appl Phys 18(12):2329–2337

40.

Tabor D (1948) A simple theory of static and dynamic hardness. Proc R Soc A192:247

41.

Vincent JH (1900) Experiments on impact. Proc Camb Philos Soc 10:332–357

42.

Johnson KL (1985) Contact mechanics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

43.

Tabor D (1951) The hardness of metals. Oxford University Press, London

44.

Seifried R, Schiehlen W, Eberhard P (2005) Numerical and experimental evaluation of the coefficient of restitution for repeated impacts. Int J Impact Eng 32(1):508–524

45.

Raman CV (1920) On some applications of Hertz’s theory of impact. Phys Rev 15:249–343

46.

Marinack Jr MC, Gaudio BG, Musgrave RE, Rizzo CE, Lovell M, Higgs III CF (2010) Coefficient of restitution testing: explicit finite element modeling and experiments. In: ASME/STLE 2010 International Joint Tribology Conference 2010, Conference Proceedings, San Francisco, CA

47.

Marinack Jr MC, Musgrave RE, Higgs III CF (2012) Experimental investigations on the coefficient of restitution of single particles. Tribol Trans. Accepted for publication

48.

Minamoto H, Hagawa T, Kawamura S (2010) Direct central impact between two spheres made of dissimilar materials. Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, C Hen (Trans Jpn Soc Mech Eng C) 76(768):1988–1995

49.

Minamoto H, Kawamura S (2011) Moderately high speed impact of two identical spheres. Int J Impact Eng 38(2):123–129

50.

Goldsmith W (1960) Impact. E. Arnold Pub, London, pp 249–307

51.

Dong H, Moys M (2006) Experimental study of oblique impacts with initial spin. Powder Technol 161(1):22–31

52.

Foerster SF, Louge MY, Chang H, Allia K (1994) Measurements of the Collision Properties of Small Spheres. Phys Fluids 6(3):1108–1115

53.

Kharaz AH, Gorham DA, Salman AD (2001) An experimental study of the elastic rebound of spheres. Powder Technol 120(3):281–291

54.

Gondret P, Lance M, Petit L (2002) Bouncing motion of spherical particles in fluids. Phys Fluids 14(2):643

55.

Joseph GG, Zenit R, Hunt ML, Rosenwinkel AM (2001) Particle-wall collisions in a viscous fluid. J Fluid Mech 433:329–346

56.

Ruiz-Angulo A, Hunt ML (2010) Measurements of the coefficient of restitution for particle collisions with ductile surfaces in a liquid. Granular Matter 12(2):185–191

57.

Bagnold RA (1954) Experiments on a gravity-free dispersion of large spheres in a newtonian fluid under shear. Proc R Soc Lond A Math Phys Sci 225(1160):49–63

58.

da Cruz F (2004) Friction and jamming in granular flows. Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees, Marne la vallee

59.

Mueth DM, Debregeas GF, Karczmar GS, Eng PJ, Nagel SR, Jaeger HM (2000) Signatures of granular microstructure in dense shear flows. Nature 406(6794):385–389

60.

Bocquet L, Losert W, Schalk D, Lubensky T, Gollub J (2001) Granular shear flow dynamics and forces: experiment and continuum theory. Phys Rev E 65(1):011307

61.

MiDi G (2004) On dense granular flows. Eur Phys J E 14(4):341–365

62.

Tardos GI, Khan MI, Schaeffer DG (1998) Forces on a slowly rotating, rough cylinder in a couette device containing a dry frictional powder. Phys Fluids 10(2):335–341

63.

Veje CT, Howell DW, Behringer RP (1999) Kinematics of a two-dimensional granular Couette experiment at the transition to shearing. Phys Rev E 59(1):739–745

64.

Howell DW, Behringer RP, Veje CT (1999) Fluctuations in granular media. Chaos 9(3):559–572

65.

Losert W, Bocquet L, Lubensky TC, Gollub JP (2000) Particle dynamics in sheared granular matter. Phys Rev Lett 85(7):1428–1431

66.

Jasti V, Higgs C (2008) Experimental study of granular flows in a rough annular shear cell. Phys Rev E 78(4):041306

67.

Savage SB, Sayed M (1984) Stresses developed by dry cohesionless granular materials sheared in an annular shear cell. J Fluid Mech 142:391–430

68.

Hanes DM, Inman DL (1985) Observations of rapidly flowing granular-fluid materials. J Fluid Mech 150:357–380

69.

Miller B, O’Hern C, Behringer RP (1996) Stress fluctuations for continuously sheared granular materials. Phys Rev Lett 77(15):3110–3113

70.

Craig K, Buckholz RH, Domoto G (1986) Experimental study of the rapid flow of dry cohesionless metal powders. J Appl Mech Trans ASME 53(4):935–942

71.

Craig K, Buckholz RH, Domoto G (1987) Effect of shear surface boundaries on stress for shearing flow of dry metal powders—an experimental study. J Tribol 109(2):232–237

72.

Cundall PA, Strack ODL (1979) Discrete numerical model for granular assemblies. Geotechnique 29(1):47–65

73.

Walton OR (1994) Numerical simulation of inelastic. Frictional particle-particle interactions. In: Roco MC (ed) Particulate two-phase flow. Butterworth-Heinemann, Stoneham, pp 884–911

74.

Hawkins GW (1983) Simulation of granular flow. In: Jenkins JT, Satake M (eds) Mechanics of granular materials: new models and constitutive relations. Elsevier Science Publications, Amsterdam, pp 305–312

75.

Hopkins MA, Shen HH (1988) A Monte Carlo simulation of a simple shear flow of granular materials. In: Satake M, Jenkins JT (eds) Micromechanics of granular materials. Elsevier Science Publications, Amsterdam

76.

Campbell CS, Brennen CE (1985) Computer simulation of granular shear flows. J Fluid Mech 151:167–188

77.

Hopkins MA, Louge MY (1991) Inelastic microstructure in rapid granular flows of smooth disks. Phys Fluids A 3(1):47–57

78.

Jenkins JT, Richman MW (1988) Plane simple shear of smooth inelastic circular disks: the anisotropy of the second moment in the dilute and dense limits. J Fluid Mech 192:313–328

79.

Sawyer WG, Tichy JA (2001) Lubrication with granular flow: continuum theory, particle simulations. Comp Exp J Tribol 123(4):777

80.

Yu C-M, Tichy J (1996) Granular collision lubrication: effect of surface roughness, particle size and solids fraction. Tribol Trans 39(3):537–546

81.

Louge MY (1994) Computer simulations of rapid granular flows of spheres interacting with a flat, frictional boundary. Phys Fluids 6(7):2253

82.

Jenkins JT (1992) Boundary conditions for rapid granular flow: flat frictional walls. J Appl Mech 59(1):120–127

83.

McCarthy JJ, Jasti V, Marinack M, Higgs CF (2010) Quantitative validation of the discrete element method using an annular shear cell. Powder Technol 203(1):70–77

84.

Von Neumann J (1966) Theory of self-reproducing automata. In: Burks AW (ed.) University of Illinois Press, Urbana

85.

Ilachinski A (2001) Cellular automata a discrete universe. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore

86.

Marinack MC Jr, Mpagazehe JN, Higgs CF III (2012) An Eulerian, lattice-based cellular automata approach for modeling multiphase flows. Powder Technol 221:47–56

87.

Jasti VK, Higgs CF (2010) A fast first order model of a rough annular shear cell using cellular automata. Granular Matter 12(1):97–106

88.

Fitt AD, Wilmott P (1992) Cellular-automaton model for segregation of a two-species granular flow. Phys Rev A 45(4):2383

89.

Karolyi A, Kertesz J, Havlin S, Makse HA, Stanley HE (1998) Filling a silo with a mixture of grains: friction-induced segregation. Europhys Lett 44(3):386–392

90.

Cizeau P, Makse HA, Stanley HE (1999) Mechanisms of granular spontaneous stratification and segregation in two-dimensional silos. Phys Rev E 59(4):4408–4421

91.

Alonso JJ, Herrmann HJ (1996) Shape of the tail of a two-dimensional sandpile. Phys Rev Lett 76(26):4911–4914

92.

Goles E (1992) Sand pile automata. Ann l'Instit Henri Poincare Phys Theor 56(1):75–90

93.

Karolyi A, Kertesz J (1998) Lattice-gas model of avalanches in a granular pile. Phys Rev E 57(1):852–856

94.

Kozicki J, Tejchman J (2005) Application of a cellular automaton to simulations of granular flow in silos. Granular Matter 7(1):45–54

95.

Baxter WG, Behringer RP (1990) Cellular automata models of granular flow. Phys Rev A 42(2):1017–1020

96.

Marinack MC Jr, Higgs CF III (2011) The inclusion of friction in lattice-based cellular automata modeling of granular flows. J Tribol 133(3):031302

97.

Jasti VK, Higgs CF (2006) A lattice-based cellular automata modeling approach for granular flow lubrication. J Tribol 128(2):358

98.

Österle W, Dmitriev AI, Kloß H (2012) Possible impacts of third body nanostructures on friction performance during dry sliding determined by computer simulation based on the method of movable cellular automata. Tribol Int 12(48):128–136

99.

Tavarez FA (2001) Simulation behavior of composite grid reinforced concrete beams using explicit finite element methods. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI

100.

Kabir MA, Lovell MR, Higgs CF (2008) Utilizing the explicit finite element method for studying granular flows. Tribol Lett 29(2):85–94

101.

Kabir MA, Jasti VK, Higgs CF, Lovell MR (2008) An evaluation of the explicit finite-element method approach for modelling dense flows of discrete grains in a Couette shear cell. Proc Inst Mech Eng J J Eng Tribol 222(6):715–723

102.

Wu C-Y, Li L-Y, Thornton C (2005) Energy dissipation during normal impact of elastic and elastic-plastic spheres. Int J Impact Eng 32(1):593–604

103.

Seifried R, Minamoto H, Eberhard P (2010) Viscoplastic effects occurring in impacts of aluminum and steel bodies and their influence on the coefficient of restitution. J Appl Mech 77(4):041008

104.

Li L-y, Thornton C, Wu C-y (2000) Impact behaviour of elastoplastic spheres with a rigid wall. Proc Inst Mech Eng C J Mech Eng Sci 214(8):1107–1114

105.

Katta RR, Polycarpou AA, Hanchi JV, Crone RM (2009) High velocity oblique impact and coefficient of restitution for head disk interface operational shock. J Tribol 131(2):021903

106.

ANSYS (2005) Ansys, LS-DYNA user’s guide (release 10). Ansys, Inc., Livermore, CA

107.

Tsai H-J, Jeng Y-R (2006) Characteristics of powder lubricated finite-width journal bearings: a hydrodynamic analysis. J Tribol 128(2):351

108.

Zhou L, Khonsari MM (2000) Flow characteristics of a powder lubricant sheared between parallel plates. J Tribol 122(1):147–154

109.

Haff PK (1983) Grain flow as a fluid-mechanical phenomenon. J Fluid Mech 134:401–430

110.

Lun CKK, Savage SB, Jeffrey DJ, Chepurniy N (1984) Kinetic theories for granular flow: inelastic particles in couette flow and slightly inelastic particles in a general flowfield. J Fluid Mech 140:223–256

111.

Higgs CF III (2001) Particulate flow lubrication: continuum modeling of shear behavior. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY

112.

Elrod HG (1988) Granular flow as a tribological mechanism—a first look. In: Interface Dynamics, Proc. of the Leeds-Lyon Conference, Butterworth, Oxford, England. p. 75

113.

Dai F, Khonsari MM, Lu ZY (1994) On the lubrication mechanism of grain flows. STLE Tribol Trans 37(3):516–524

114.

Heshmat H (1992) The quasi-hydrodynamic mechanism of powder lubrication. Part II: lubricant film pressure profile. Lubr Eng 48(5):373–383

115.

Pappur M, Khonsari MM (2003) Flow characterization and performance of a powder lubricated slider bearing. J Tribol 125(1):135

116.

Jenkins JT, Richman MW (1985) Kinetic theory for plane flows of a dense gas of identical, rough, inelastic, circular disks. Phys Fluids 28(12):3485

117.

Hui K, Haff PK, Ungar JE, Jackson R (1984) Boundary conditions for high-shear grain flows. J Fluid Mech 145:223–233

118.

Wyszynski ML, Bridgewater J (1993) Effect of solid lubricants on powder attrition and breakage. Tribol Int 26(5):311–317

119.

Heshmat H (1992) The quasi-hydrodynamic mechanism of powder lubrication. I. Lubricant flow visualization. Lubr Eng 48(2):96–104

120.

Boning D, Lee B, Oji C, Ouma D, Park T, Smith T, Tugbawa T (1999) Pattern dependent modeling for CMP optimization and control. Materials Research Society (MRS) Spring Meeting. San Francisco, CA.

121.

Runnels SR (1996) Advances in physically based erosion simulators for CMP. J Electron Mater 25(10):1574–1580

122.

Nguyen V, VanKranenburg H, Woerlee P (2000) Dependency of dishing on polish time and slurry chemistry in Cu CMP. Microelectron Eng 50(1–4):403–410

123.

Mpagazehe JN, Thukalil GA, Higgs III CF (2009) A study to estimate the number of active particles in CMP. Materials Research Society Spring Meeting. San Francisco, CA.

124.

Edwards JK, McLaury BS, Shirazi SA (2001) Modeling solid particle erosion in elbows and plugged tees. J Energy Resourc Technol 123:277–284

125.

Street KW, Marchetti M, Wal RLV, Tomasek AJ (2004) Evaluation of the tribological behavior of nano-onions in Krytox 143AB. Tribol Lett 16(1–2):143–149

126.

Zantye PB, Kumar A, Sikder AK (2004) Chemical mechanical planarization for microelectronics applications. Mater Sci Eng R Rep 45(3–6):89–220

127.

Nikas GK (2010) A state-of-the-art review on the effects of particulate contamination and related topics in machine-element contacts. Proc Inst Mech Eng J J Eng Tribol 224(J5):453–479

128.

Wang A, Essner A (2001) Three-body wear of UHMWPE acetabular cups by PMMA particles against CoCr, alumina and zirconia heads in a hip joint simulator. Wear 250:212–216

129.

Chinas-Castillo F, Spikes HA (2003) Mechanism of action of colloidal solid dispersions. J Tribol 125(3):552–557

130.

Lovell MR, Kabir MA, Menezes PL, Higgs CF III (2010) Influence of boric acid additive size on green lubricant performance. Philos Trans R Soc A 368:4851–4868

131.

Duan B, Lei H (2001) The effect of particle size on the lubricating properties of colloidal polystyrene used as water based lubrication additive. Wear 249:528–532

132.

Nikas GK, Sayles RS (2008) A study of lubrication mechanisms using two-phase fluids with porous bearing materials. Proc Inst Mech Eng J J Eng Tribol 222:771–783

133.

Darley HCH, Gray GR (1988) Composition and properties of drilling and completion fluids, 5th edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Houston, TX

134.

Pepper S (2011) Effect of test environment on lifetime of two vacuum lubricants determined by spiral orbit tribometry. NASA, Cleveland, OH

135.

Higgs CF, Ng ISH, Borucki L, Yoon I, Danyluk S (2005) A mixed-lubrication approach to predicting cmp fluid pressure modeling and experiments. J Electrochem Soc 152(3):G193–G198

136.

Shan L, Levert J, Meade L, Tichy J, Danyluk S (2000) Interfacial fluid mechanics and pressure prediction in chemical mechanical polishing. J Tribol 122(3):539–543

137.

Park S-S, Cho C-H, Ahn Y (2000) Hydrodynamic analysis of chemical mechanical polishing process. Tribol Int 33(10):723–730

138.

Gohar R (1988) Elastohydrodynamics. Wiley, New York

139.

Luo J, Dornfeld DA (2001) Mechanical removal mechanism in chemical mechanical polishing: theory and modeling. IEEE Trans Semicond Manuf 14(2):112–133

140.

Terrell EJ, Higgs CF (2009) A particle-augmented mixed lubrication modeling approach to predicting chemical mechanical polishing. J Tribol 131(1):012201

141.

Li Q, Rudolph V, Wang FY, Horio M (2005) A study of particle packing compression under fluid drag force by DEM simulations. Dev Chem Eng Miner Process 13(5–6):693–708

142.

Mei R, Shang H, Walton OR, Klausner JF (2000) On the improved flowability of cohesive powders by coating with fine particles. Proc. of 1997 TMS Annual Meeting. pp. 225–236

143.

Erdemir A (1994) Crystal chemistry and solid lubricating properties of the monochalcogenides gallium selenide and tin selenide. STLE Tribol Trans 37(3):471–478

144.

Higgs CF, Heshmat H (2001) Characterization of pelletized MoS2 powder particle detachment process. ASME J Tribol 123(3):455–461

145.

Higgs CF, Heshmat CA, Heshmat HS (1999) Comparative evaluation of MoS2 and WS2 as powder lubricants in high speed, multi-pad journal bearings. J Tribol Trans ASME 1–121(3):625–630

146.

Kaur RG, Higgs CF, Heshmat HS (2001) Pin-on disk tests of pelletized molybdenum disulfide. Tribol Trans 44(1):79–87

147.

Heshmat H, Heshmat CA (1999) The effect of slider geometry on the performance of a powder lubricated bearing. Tribol Trans 42(3):640–646

148.

Sawyer WG, Ziegert JC, Schmitz TL, Barton A (2006) In situ lubrication with boric acid: Powder delivery of an environmentally benign solid lubricant. Tribol Trans 49(2):284–290

149.

Johnson VR, Lavik MT, Vaughn GW (1957) Mechanism of WS2 lubrication in vacuum. J Appl Phys 28(7):821

150.

Kaur RG, Heshmat H (2002) 100 mm diameter self-contained solid/ powder lubricated auxiliary bearing operated at 30,000 rpm. Lubr Eng 58(6):13–20

151.

Heshmat H (1992) Powder-lubricant piston ring for diesel engines. U.S. Patent, Editor E. Rollins Cross, United States

152.

Reches Z, Lockner DA (2010) Fault weakening and earthquake instability by powder lubrication. Nature 467:452–455

153.

Ettles CM (1985) The thermal control of friction at high sliding speed. ASME Paper 85

154.

Heshmat H, Pinkus O, Godet M (1989) On a common tribological mechanism between interacting surfaces. Tribol Trans 32(1):32–41

155.

Heshmat H, Godet M, Berthier Y (1995) On the role of and mechanism of dry triboparticulate lubrication. Lubr Eng 51(7):557–564

156.

Heshmat H (1995) The quasi-hydrodynamic mechanism of powder lubrication: Part III On theory and rheology of triboparticulates. Tribol Trans 38(2):269–276

157.

Higgs CF, Heshmat H (1999) Characterization of pelletized MoS2 powder particle detachment process. ASME J Tribol 123(3):640–646

158.

Higgs CF, Wornyoh EYA (2007) An in situ mechanism for self-replenishing powder transfer films: Experiments and modeling. Wear 264:131–138

159.

Heshmat H (1991) The rheology and hydrodynamics of dry powder lubrication. Tribol Trans 34(3):433–439

160.

Iordanoff I, Berthier Y, Descartes S, Heshmat H (2002) A review of recent approaches for modeling solid third bodies. ASME J Tribol 124(4):725–735

161.

Dai FL, Khonsari MM, Lu ZY (1994) On the lubrication mechanism of grain flows. Tribol Trans 37(3):516–524

162.

Mckeague KT, Khonsari MM (1996) Generalized boundary interactions for powder lubricated couette flows. ASME J Tribol 118(3):580–588

163.

Yu CM, Craig K, Tichy J (2005) Granular collision lubrication. J Rheol 38(4):921–936

164.

Fillot N, Iordanoff I, Berthier Y (2005) Simulation of wear through mass balance in a dry contact. ASME J Tribol 127(1):230–237

Titel: Particle Tribology: Granular, Slurry, and Powder Tribosystems
verfasst von: C. Fred Higgs III
Martin Marinack Jr.
Jeremiah Mpagazehe
Randyka Pudjoprawoto
Verlag: Springer New York
Buch: Tribology for Scientists and Engineers
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-1944-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-1945-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1945-7_12

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht