Skip to main content

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

22. Pegmatite

verfasst von : Martin Okrusch, Hartwig E. Frimmel

Erschienen in: Mineralogie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Zusammenfassung

Pegmatite (grch. πήγνυμι = verfestigen) sind sehr grobkörnige bis riesenkörnige magmatische Ganggesteine, in denen Einzelkristalle bis mehrere Meter groß werden können. Beispiele von solchen Riesenkristallen sind ein Mikroklin von 49,4 × 36 × 13,7 m Größe und nahezu 15.000 t Gewicht oder eine Phlogopit-Platte der Größe 10 × 4,3 m (Rickwood,.The largest crystals. Amer Mineral 66:885–907, 1981). Pegmatite bilden sich aus silikatischen Restschmelzen, die an H2O, OH, CO2, HCO32−, CO32−, SO42−, PO43−, H3BO3, F, Cl und anderen leichtflüchtigen Komponenten hoch angereichert sind.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Bibienne T, Magnan J-F, Rupp A, Laroche N (2020) From mine to mind and mobiles: society’s increasing dependance on lithium. Elements 16:265–270CrossRef Bibienne T, Magnan J-F, Rupp A, Laroche N (2020) From mine to mind and mobiles: society’s increasing dependance on lithium. Elements 16:265–270CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Černý P, Ercit TS (2005) The classification of granitic pegmatites revisited. Can Mineral 43:2005–2026CrossRef Černý P, Ercit TS (2005) The classification of granitic pegmatites revisited. Can Mineral 43:2005–2026CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Černý P, Blevin PL, Cuney M, London D (2005) Granite-related ore deposits. In: Hedenquist JW, Thompson JFH, Goldfarb RJ, Richards JP (Hrsg) Economic geology one hundreth Anniversary Vol. Soc Econ Geol, Littleton, S 337–370 Černý P, Blevin PL, Cuney M, London D (2005) Granite-related ore deposits. In: Hedenquist JW, Thompson JFH, Goldfarb RJ, Richards JP (Hrsg) Economic geology one hundreth Anniversary Vol. Soc Econ Geol, Littleton, S 337–370
Zurück zum Zitat Černý P, London D, Novák M (2012) Granitic pegmatites as reflections of their sources. Elements 8:289–294CrossRef Černý P, London D, Novák M (2012) Granitic pegmatites as reflections of their sources. Elements 8:289–294CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chakhmouradian AR, Zaitsev AN (2012) Rare earth mineralization in igneous rocks: sources and processes. Elements 8:347–353CrossRef Chakhmouradian AR, Zaitsev AN (2012) Rare earth mineralization in igneous rocks: sources and processes. Elements 8:347–353CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fenn PM (1986) On the origin of graphic granite. Amer Mineral 71:325–330 Fenn PM (1986) On the origin of graphic granite. Amer Mineral 71:325–330
Zurück zum Zitat Glover AS, Rogers WZ, Barton JE (2012) Granitic pegmatites: storehouse of industrial minerals. Elements 8:269–273CrossRef Glover AS, Rogers WZ, Barton JE (2012) Granitic pegmatites: storehouse of industrial minerals. Elements 8:269–273CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jahns RH, Burnham CW (1969) Experimental study of pegmatite genesis. I. A model for the derivation and crystallization of granitic pegmatites. Econ Geol 64:843–864CrossRef Jahns RH, Burnham CW (1969) Experimental study of pegmatite genesis. I. A model for the derivation and crystallization of granitic pegmatites. Econ Geol 64:843–864CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Linnen RL, Van Lichtervelde M, Černý P (2012) Granitic pegmatites as sources of strategic minerals. Elements 8:275–280CrossRef Linnen RL, Van Lichtervelde M, Černý P (2012) Granitic pegmatites as sources of strategic minerals. Elements 8:275–280CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat London D (1992) The application of experimental petrology to the genesis and crystallization of granitic pegmatites. Can Mineral 30:499–540 London D (1992) The application of experimental petrology to the genesis and crystallization of granitic pegmatites. Can Mineral 30:499–540
Zurück zum Zitat London D (2005) Granitic pegmatites: an assessment of current concepts and directions for the future. Lithos 80:281–303CrossRef London D (2005) Granitic pegmatites: an assessment of current concepts and directions for the future. Lithos 80:281–303CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat London D (2009) The origin of primary textures of granitic pegmatites. Canad Mineral 47:697–724CrossRef London D (2009) The origin of primary textures of granitic pegmatites. Canad Mineral 47:697–724CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat London D, Morgan GB (2012) The pegmatite puzzle. Elements 8:263–268CrossRef London D, Morgan GB (2012) The pegmatite puzzle. Elements 8:263–268CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat London D, Morgan GB, Hervig RL (1989) Vapor-undersaturated experiments with Macusani glass + H2O at 200 MPa and the internal differentiation of pegmatites. Contrib Mineral Petrol 102:1–17CrossRef London D, Morgan GB, Hervig RL (1989) Vapor-undersaturated experiments with Macusani glass + H2O at 200 MPa and the internal differentiation of pegmatites. Contrib Mineral Petrol 102:1–17CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Martin RF, De Vito C (2005) The patterns of enrichment in felsic pegmatites ultimately depend on tectonic setting. Can Mineral 43:2027–2048CrossRef Martin RF, De Vito C (2005) The patterns of enrichment in felsic pegmatites ultimately depend on tectonic setting. Can Mineral 43:2027–2048CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Paillat O, Elphick SC, Brown WL (1992) The solubility of water in NaAlSi3O8 melts: a re-examination of Ab–H2O phase relationships and critical behaviour at high pressures. Contrib Mineral Petrol 112:490–500CrossRef Paillat O, Elphick SC, Brown WL (1992) The solubility of water in NaAlSi3O8 melts: a re-examination of Ab–H2O phase relationships and critical behaviour at high pressures. Contrib Mineral Petrol 112:490–500CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Phelps PR, Lee C-TA, Morton DM (2020) Episodes of fast crystal growth in pegmatites. Nature Comm 11(4986) Phelps PR, Lee C-TA, Morton DM (2020) Episodes of fast crystal growth in pegmatites. Nature Comm 11(4986)
Zurück zum Zitat Rickers K, Thomas R, Heinrich W (2006) The behaviour of trace elements during the chemical evolution of the H2O-, B-, and F-rich granite-pegmatite-hydrothermal system at Ehrenfriedersdorf, Germany: a SXFR study of melt and fluid inclusions. Miner Deposita 41:229–245CrossRef Rickers K, Thomas R, Heinrich W (2006) The behaviour of trace elements during the chemical evolution of the H2O-, B-, and F-rich granite-pegmatite-hydrothermal system at Ehrenfriedersdorf, Germany: a SXFR study of melt and fluid inclusions. Miner Deposita 41:229–245CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rickwood PC (1981) The largest crystals. Amer Mineral 66:885–907 Rickwood PC (1981) The largest crystals. Amer Mineral 66:885–907
Zurück zum Zitat Schneiderhöhn H (1961) Die Erzlagerstätten der Erde, Bd II: Die Pegmatite. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart Schneiderhöhn H (1961) Die Erzlagerstätten der Erde, Bd II: Die Pegmatite. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart
Zurück zum Zitat Simmons WB, Pezzotta F, Shigley JE, Beurlen H (2012) Granitic pegmatites as sources of colored gemstones. Elements 8:281–287CrossRef Simmons WB, Pezzotta F, Shigley JE, Beurlen H (2012) Granitic pegmatites as sources of colored gemstones. Elements 8:281–287CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Simmons WB, Falter AU, Freeman G (2020) The plumbago north pegmatite, USA: a new potential lithum resource. Miner Deposita 55:1505–1510CrossRef Simmons WB, Falter AU, Freeman G (2020) The plumbago north pegmatite, USA: a new potential lithum resource. Miner Deposita 55:1505–1510CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sowerby JR, Keppler H (2002) The effect of fluorine, boron and excess sodium on the critical curve in the albite–H2O system. Contrib Mineral Petrol 143:32–37CrossRef Sowerby JR, Keppler H (2002) The effect of fluorine, boron and excess sodium on the critical curve in the albite–H2O system. Contrib Mineral Petrol 143:32–37CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas R, Webster JD, Heinrich W (2000) Melt inclusions in pegmatite quartz: complete miscibility between silicate melts and hydrous fluids at low pressure. Contrib Mineral Petrol 139:394–401CrossRef Thomas R, Webster JD, Heinrich W (2000) Melt inclusions in pegmatite quartz: complete miscibility between silicate melts and hydrous fluids at low pressure. Contrib Mineral Petrol 139:394–401CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas R, Förster H-J, Heinrich W (2003) The behaviour of boron in a peraluminous granite-pegmatite system and associated hydrothermal solutions: a melt and fluid-inclusion study. Contrib Mineral Petrol 144:457–472CrossRef Thomas R, Förster H-J, Heinrich W (2003) The behaviour of boron in a peraluminous granite-pegmatite system and associated hydrothermal solutions: a melt and fluid-inclusion study. Contrib Mineral Petrol 144:457–472CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas R, Davidson P, Beurlen H (2012) The competing models for the origin and internal evolution of granitic pegmatites in the light of melt and fluid inclusion research. Mineral Petrol 106:55–73CrossRef Thomas R, Davidson P, Beurlen H (2012) The competing models for the origin and internal evolution of granitic pegmatites in the light of melt and fluid inclusion research. Mineral Petrol 106:55–73CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tkachev AV (2011) Evolution of metallogeny of granite pegmatites associated with orogens throughout geological time. In: Sial AN, Bettencourt JS, Se Campos CP, Ferreira VP (Hrsg) Granite-Related Ore Deposits. Geological Society, London, Spec Publ 350:7–23 Tkachev AV (2011) Evolution of metallogeny of granite pegmatites associated with orogens throughout geological time. In: Sial AN, Bettencourt JS, Se Campos CP, Ferreira VP (Hrsg) Granite-Related Ore Deposits. Geological Society, London, Spec Publ 350:7–23
Zurück zum Zitat Whitney JA (1975) The effects of pressure, temperature, and XH2O on phase assemblages in four synthetic rock compositions. J Geol 83:1–27CrossRef Whitney JA (1975) The effects of pressure, temperature, and XH2O on phase assemblages in four synthetic rock compositions. J Geol 83:1–27CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Pegmatite
verfasst von
Martin Okrusch
Hartwig E. Frimmel
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64064-7_22