5. Perspectives of Acceleration of the Rates of Economic Growth of Russia in the Context of Foreign Trade Cooperation with China

In particular, in September 2009, Shanghai, China hosted a round table “transformation processes of geo-economic space: Russia and China in multipolar world”, devoted to the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and China (http://​www.​rg.​ru/​2011/​06/​10/​china.​html).

According to data from the UN International Trade Center, Russia holds the ten first positions (oil, natural gas, gas, aluminium, steel, nickel, timber, coal, etc.), making up 67.4 %, and the first three positions (oil, natural gas, and petrol)—53.8 % of the total Russian exports (http://​www.​intracen.​org/​tradstat/​welcome.​htm).

Federal Law dated 24July 2007 No. 209-FZ “On development of small and medium entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation”, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 6 March 2013 No. 188 “On establishment of the Rules of distribution and provision of subsidies from the federal budget to the budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation for realization of measures envisaged by the programmes of development of pilot innovational territorial clusters”, and the Order of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia dated 25 March No. 167 “On establishment of terms of competitive selection of the subjects of the Russian Federation which budgets receive subsidies from the federal budget for state support of small and medium entrepreneurship, including farm enterprises, and requirements to organizations which create the infrastructure of support for subjects of small and medium entrepreneurship”.

According to the World Economic Forum and Harvard University experts’ estimates, modern Russia has very strong international positions in fuel and energy sector and iron industry; strong positions—in nonferrous metallurgy, petrochemistry, timber and military industries; medium positions—in chemistry, car building and shipbuilding, general machine building, and professional equipment; weak positions—in civil aircraft industry, electronics, and textile industry (Jahfer and Inoue 2014).

Currently, seven developed countries possess 46 out of 50 meta-technologies which ensure competitive production, while the rest of the world possesses only three or four of them. The USA has 20–22 meta-technologies (Germany 8–10, Japan 7, England and France 3–5, Sweden, Norway, Italy, and Switzerland 1–2 each) (Jahfer and Inoue 2014).

Analysis of scientific and research publications covers the following spheres: earth sciences, astronomy and space, mathematics, physics, chemistry, medicine, psychology, sociology, technology, machine building, and agricultural sciences (http://​www.​weforum.​org).

The IMF’s recommendations determine the minimum level of foreign-exchange reserves, which allow the provision of the import of goods and services for three months (http://​www.​imf.​org).

Three new laws were passed: the law on enterprises with a share of foreign capital; the law on joint enterprises with the participation of foreign companies; and the law on companies with 100 % foreign capital. In 1994, the law on companies was passed (http://​www.​mof.​gov.​cn).

There are 32 areas of economic and technological development in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Dalian, Harbin, Ürümqi, Wuhan, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Shenyang, Changchun, Yingkou, and other large cities; and 14 areas of transborder economic cooperation in Dandong, Heihe, Suifenhe (Heilongjiang province), Erenhot, Huichun (Jilin province), Yining City, Tacheng, Pingxiang, Dongxing, Ruili, and Hekou (Yunnan province) [Ли Хуа Китайская открытая стратегия экономического развития 2007, pp. 35–37].

According to them, $1.8 billion worth of timber was exported beyond the limits of Irkutsk Oblast in 2014 (12.6 million m³) (http://​www.​stu.​customs.​ru).