Introduction
Materials and methods
Study site
Study methods
Collection of soil samples
Determination of litter and biomass
Determination of litter decomposition rates
Measurement of soil and plant samples
Calculation of P stock and turnover
Statistical analysis
Results and discussion
P dynamics, distribution and stock in soils
Seasonal dynamics of P in topsoil
Vertical distribution of P in soil
P dynamics, stock and turnover in plants
Dynamics of plant biomass
Dynamics of P content in plants
Type | Item | Date | Mean value (±SE) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5–17 | 6–1 | 7–11 | 8–9 | 8–31 | 9–20 | 10–19 | 11–15 | |||
MSM | Root | 9.13 | 7.31 | 8.74 | 5.71 | 5.66 | 5.28 | 8.86 | 15.05 | 8.22 ± 1.12 |
Stem | 11.07 | 7.89 | 11.78 | 5.03 | 4.68 | 4.96 | 11.68 | 16.54 | 9.20 ± 1.51 | |
Leaf | 16.93 | 17.19 | 20.58 | 22.31 | 12.54 | 7.05 | 4.97 | 11.53 | 14.14 ± 2.19 | |
Plant | 13.53 | 10.97 | 14.02 | 8.64 | 6.82 | 5.93 | 5.91 | 13.12 | 9.87 ± 1.23 | |
LSM | Root | 10.58 | 15.57 | 26.50 | 15.99 | 12.27 | 12.89 | 9.87 | 21.35 | 15.63 ± 2.02 |
Stem | 13.05 | 12.94 | 23.05 | 18.67 | 13.71 | 14.15 | 12.96 | 16.93 | 15.68 ± 1.29 | |
Leaf | 18.36 | 15.24 | 32.59 | 20.82 | 14.21 | 10.87 | 11.15 | 11.93 | 16.90 ± 2.56 | |
Plant | 15.31 | 14.56 | 26.50 | 19.30 | 13.89 | 11.72 | 11.39 | 13.17 | 15.73 ± 1.77 |
Dynamics of litter production and P content in litter
Dynamics of litter decomposition and P content in litter
Sampling date (yyyy-mm-dd) | Decomposition time (day) | C/P (mean ± SE, n = 3) | Sampling date (yyyy-mm-dd) | Decomposition time (day) | C/P (mean ± SE, n = 3) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSM | LSM | MSM | LSM | ||||
2008-04-21 | 0 | 281.58 ± 25.98 | 195.80 ± 34.41 | 2008-11-15 | 207 | 332.05 ± 78.11 | 177.05 ± 65.55 |
2008-07-11 | 80 | 194.49 ± 15.30 | 110.17 ± 9.58 | 2009-04-26 | 371 | 216.31 ± 14.24 | 46.24 ± 0.63 |
2008-08-09 | 109 | 190.50 ± 11.15 | 136.64 ± 46.54 | 2009-06-25 | 431 | 172.53 ± 18.58 | 52.92 ± 5.55 |
2008-09-20 | 151 | 139.25 ± 19.16 | 104.69 ± 12.06 | 2009-08-25 | 492 | 177.07 ± 9.04 | 42.78 ± 1.35 |
2008-10-20 | 181 | 191.51 ± 44.05 | 165.60 ± 23.41 | 2009-11-12 | 571 | 232.80 ± 34.21 | 66.97 ± 8.79 |
P allocation and cycle in plant-soil systems
P allocation in plant-soil systems
Type | Item | Root* | Aboveground living body* | Litter* | Plant subsystem | Soil (0–60 cm)** | Plant-soil system | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stem | Leaf | |||||||
MSM | P stock (g m−2) | 0.079 ± 0.016 | 0.333 ± 0.116 | 0.315 ± 0.114 | 0.122 ± 0.045 | 0.849 | 438.83 | 439.68 |
Percent (%) | 9.27a
| 39.28a
| 37.07a
| 14.37a
| 0.19b
| 99.81b
| 100b
| |
LSM | P stock (g m−2) | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.041 ± 0.007 | 0.075 ± 0.018 | 0.009 ± 0.004 | 0.133 | 492.27 | 492.40 |
Percent (%) | 5.48a
| 30.70a
| 56.74a
| 7.08a
| 0.03b
| 99.97b
| 100b
|
Establishment of P biological cycle pattern and assessment of P cycle status
Location | Geographical location | Site | Plant | Absorption coefficient | Cycle coefficient | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sanjiang Plain | 47°35′17″N, 133°31′35″E | Honghe |
Carex lasiocarpa
| 0.352 | 0.108 | He and Zhao (2001) |
Typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia
| 0.634 | 0.352 | Qin (2008) | |||
Marsh meadow C. angustifolia
| 0.591 | 0.091 | ||||
Yellow River estuary | 37°45′57.0″N, 119°09′40.7″E | Dawenliu |
Suaeda salsa
| This study | ||
37°46′38.9″N, 119°09′41.4″E | A* | 0.0010 | 0.739 | |||
B** | 0.0001 | 0.812 | ||||
Yangtze River estuary | 31°06′20″ –31°14′00″N, 121°53′06″–122°04′33″E | Shangsha |
Phragmites australis
| 0.0081 | 0.51 | Liu and Yang (2008) |
Spartina alterniflora
| 0.0056 | 0.72 | Yang et al. (2009a) | |||
Scirpus mariqueter
| 0.0067 | 0.59 | Yang et al. (2009b) | |||
Zhongsha |
P. australis
| 0.0091 | 0.53 | Liu and Yang (2008) | ||
S. alterniflora
| 0.0117 | 0.71 | Yang et al. (2009a) | |||
S. mariqueter
| 0.0042 | 0.65 | Yang et al. (2009b) | |||
Xiasha |
P. australis
| 0.0031 | 0.36 | Liu and Yang (2008) | ||
S. alterniflora
| 0.0053 | 0.62 | Yang et al. (2009a) | |||
S. mariqueter
| 0.0011 | 0.11 | Yang et al. (2009b) | |||
Jiulong River estuary | 24°26′10″–24°27′38″N, 117°54′12″–117°55′31″E | Longhai |
Kandelia candel
| – | 0.500*** | Lin (2001) |
Shatian Peninsula | 21°28′22″–21°37′00″N, 109°37′00″-109°47′00″E | Shatian |
Bruguiera sexangula
| – | 0.583*** | |
Hainan Island | 19°51′-20°01′N, 110°32′–110°37′E | Dongzhaigang |
Rhizophora stylosa
| – | 0.462*** |
Type | Site | Plant | P stock (g m−2) | Soil depth (cm) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freshwater marsh ecosystem | Sanjiang Plain | Typical meadow C. angustifolia
| 443.18 | 0–60 | Qin (2008) |
Marsh meadow C. angustifolia
| 371.98 | ||||
Tidal marsh ecosystem | Yellow River estuary |
Suaeda salsa
| This study | ||
A* | 70.03–111.82 | 0–15 | |||
B** | 53.59–123.87 | ||||
A* | 438.83 | 0–60 | |||
B** | 492.27 | ||||
Alpine tundra ecosystem | Changbai Mountain | Felsenmeer alpine tundra vegetation | 59 | 0–10 | Wei et al. (2005) |
46 | 10–20 | ||||
Lithic alpine tundra vegetation | 25 | 0–10 | |||
24 | 10–20 | ||||
Typical alpine tundra vegetation | 62 | 0–10 | |||
64 | 10–20 | ||||
Meadow alpine tundra vegetation | 76 | 0–10 | |||
90 | 10–20 | ||||
Swamp alpine tundra vegetation | 62 | 0–10 | |||
78 | 10–20 |