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2024 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Photovoltaic Pumping Systems for Domestic Sustainable Water Access in Off-Grid Areas

verfasst von: Judith Alazraque Cherni, Simon Meunier, Loïc Quéval

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Green Energy and Technology

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This book offers practical guidance for practitioner engineers, policymakers, and other decision-makers on how to implement solar photovoltaic water pumping systems to provide domestic clean water in off-grid regions of developing countries. By championing genuine multidisciplinary research and generating interdisciplinary results, this book develops models and approaches which indicate how it might be possible to overcome some of the limitations that technocratic approaches to renewable energy and water access pose to truly sustainable development.

The book addresses technical challenges often found when promoting photovoltaic water pumping systems. It offers practical guidance to stakeholders on how to successfully select, install, and maintain photovoltaic water pumps to promote sustainable options for the poorest underserved areas/populations. A main novelty of this book is that, by using theoretical, as well as real/actual field-work data, and advanced modelling, it successfully connects energy systems engineering, environmental and geographical information and hydrology with population surveys which reveal local needs and conditions.

The book is timely and important. More than 665 700 million worldwide still do not have access to improved drinking water sources; eight out of ten live in rural areas typically located either in off-grid territory, or where connection to nearby grid is too expensive or unfeasible. Unsafe water is responsible for 1.2 million deaths each year, mainly correlated with the diarrheal diseases generated from drinking water from unimproved water sources. Sustainable Development Goal 6 (clean water and sanitation) may be achieved only if water is accessible to everyone, available when needed and free from contamination.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
 In 2020, one out of ten people around the world did not have clean drinking water close to home. Such populations often subsist on very low-incomes and live in remote locations without access to electricity. The concurrent problems of inadequate energy access and lack of safe drinking water cannot be overemphasised and severely affect poor communities in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This book addresses these intertwined challenges by focusing on deploying photovoltaic water pumping systems to meet local demand for sustainable, safe water access for domestic consumption. This chapter discusses the context that gave impetus to the need for this book, clarifies and defines useful terms, discusses deficient global water and electricity access and how these challenges are addressed in Africa. It goes on to discuss the particular interdisciplinary conceptual approach that is developed and illustrated here.
Judith Alazraque Cherni, Simon Meunier, Loïc Quéval
Chapter 2. Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems
Abstract
This chapter discusses the technical aspects of photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS) and of the book methodology. A review of previous work on PVWPS is carried out and the standard architecture, components and operation of PVWPS are examined. The need for a systematic delivery strategy to better manage the PVWPS deployment process is described; the sequential three-stage approach developed here follows. Finally, a general overview of Gogma, a rural village located in a remote off-grid area in Burkina Faso in Sub-Saharan Africa and a community typical of those where access to electricity and clean drinking water is inadequate, is provided.
Judith Alazraque Cherni, Simon Meunier, Loïc Quéval
Chapter 3. Preparation Before Installation of Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems
Abstract
Careful preparation before new PVWPS’ installation is vital in order to maximise chances of successful operation, both immediate and long term. This chapter describes the types of information needed before developers set foot in a village and explains how to obtain them. At this stage, information is drawn mostly from secondary sources and typically covers facts about geographical location and remoteness as well as natural resources. Next, population surveys and household questionnaires should be drawn up; and the latter’s design are discussed. Thereafter the authors use existing data to demonstrate how to pre-size a PVWPS and apply resulting values to generate a first cost estimate of such system. Finally, some of the challenges associated with funding PVWPS for poor off-grid regions are covered.
Judith Alazraque Cherni, Simon Meunier, Loïc Quéval
Chapter 4. During Installation
Abstract
 This chapter outlines the tasks to be performed, from selecting the position of the photovoltaic water pumping system (PVWPS) up to it becomes operational. Calculations and computing draw on data collected at the before stage as well as new physical, environmental, technical and population information gathered during the current stage. The chapter provides an overview of the PVWPS deployment procedure, followed by a detailed account of how to produce accurate estimates for the quantities of water that would be required, a key input for system sizing. It describes geophysical tests, the technique for borehole drilling and physical–chemical tests. The authors discuss the size of PVWPS components, such as the PV modules and the water tank, to meet water demand while preserving groundwater resources. The selection of PVWPS components, system building, and further water bacteriological tests, all undertaken prior to opening the new water source to consumers, are also presented. Finally, the chapter details how to compute the system cost using specific local data.
Judith Alazraque Cherni, Simon Meunier, Loïc Quéval
Chapter 5. After Installation
Abstract
Sustainable safe water access implies that communities can rely on a regular service which starts at completion of installation and continues over time. This period begins when the PVWPS is ready and available to users; it ends when the system is decommissioned because it can no longer serve its purpose. The activities described in Chapter 5 are meant to ensure the uninterrupted operation of the PVWPS and to guarantee that it effectively meets the users' long-term demands. While various options for monitoring a PVWPS are discussed, its normal operation is also described. The authors outline the most necessary operational and maintenance procedures and provide guidelines on spare parts replacement. While possible management schemes for the PVWPS are examined, the last section addresses how water usage at the PVWPS may evolve over its lifetime.
Judith Alazraque Cherni, Simon Meunier, Loïc Quéval
Chapter 6. Conclusion
Abstract
The Conclusion chapter seeks to provide discussion and insights while referring to the concepts, methodology and strategy developed above, as well as to the work undertaken and the results (many of which are discussed in the 21 boxes on the case study of Gogma, Burkina Faso). It does so by linking the discussion to the two themes underlying this work, i.e., sustainable safe water access, and systematic and interdisciplinary practice, and by considering some of the technical, policy and research implications. Offering insight into how a purpose-built PVWPS has contributed to advance sustainable outcomes, the chapter elaborates on possible implications for the people of Gogma who face an uphill battle to obtain safe drinking water, and for Sub-Saharan Africa more generally. The chapter considers the book's usefulness for installers and researchers, decision-makers, politicians, investors, and aid agencies. Finally, the chapter explores opportunities for driving interdisciplinary research into further areas.
Judith Alazraque Cherni, Simon Meunier, Loïc Quéval
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Photovoltaic Pumping Systems for Domestic Sustainable Water Access in Off-Grid Areas
verfasst von
Judith Alazraque Cherni
Simon Meunier
Loïc Quéval
Copyright-Jahr
2024
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-50791-5
Print ISBN
978-3-031-50790-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50791-5