Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Polymer Gels as EAPs: Fundamentals Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

26. Polymer Electrets and Ferroelectrets as EAPs: Characterization

verfasst von : Michael Wübbenhorst, Xiaoqing Zhang, Tristan Putzeys

Erschienen in: Electromechanically Active Polymers

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The successful development and optimization of EAPs requires quick, reliable, and precise characterization techniques for all relevant materials and device properties. This chapter gives a concise overview about specific techniques for the characterization of mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical properties of polymeric electrets with some emphasis on ferroelectrets.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Polymer Electrets and Ferroelectrets as EAPs: Materials
Nächstes Kapitel Polymer Electrets and Ferroelectrets as EAPs: Devices and Applications
Literatur
Alquie C, Dreyfus G, Lewiner J (1981) Stress-wave probing of electric field distributions in dielectrics. Phys Rev Lett 47:1483–1487CrossRef
Batagiannis A, Wübbenhorst M, Hulliger J (2010) Piezo- and pyroelectric microscopy. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 14:9CrossRef
Bauer S, Gerhard-Multhaupt R, Sessler GM (2004) Ferroelectrets: soft electroactive foams for transducers. Phys Today 57:37–43CrossRef
Carpi F, Anderson I, Bauer S, Frediani G, Gallone G, Gei M, Graaf C, Jean-Mistral C, Kaal W, Kofod G, Kollosche M, Kornbluh R, Lassen B, Matysek M, Michel S, Nowak S, Benjamin OB, Pei Q, Pelrine R, Rechenbach B, Rosset S, Shea H (2015) Standards for dielectric elastomer transducers. Smart Mater Struct 24:105025CrossRef
Collins RE (1975) Distribution of charge in electrets. Appl Phys Lett 26:675–677CrossRef
Dansachmüller M, Schwödiauer R, Bauer-Gogonea S, Bauer S, Paajanen M, Raukola J (2005) Elastic and electromechanical properties of polypropylene foam ferroelectrets. Appl Phys Lett 86:031910CrossRef
Eisenmenger W, Haardt M (1982) Observation of charge compensated polarization zones in polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) films by piezoelectric acoustic step-wave response. Solid State Commun 41:917–920CrossRef
Ferreira GFL, Gerhard-Multhaupt R (1990) Derivation of response equations for the nondestructive probing of charge and polarization profiles. Phys Rev B 42:7317–7321CrossRef
Furukawa T, Date M, Fukada E, Tajit Y, Akio C (1980) Ferroelectric behavior in the copolymer of vinylidenefluoride and trifluoroethylene. Jpn J Appl Phys 19:L109CrossRef
Gerhard-Multhaupt R, Kunstler W, Gome T, Pucher A, Weinhold T, Seiss M, Xia Z, Wedel A, Danz R (2000) Porous PTFE space-charge electrets for piezoelectric applications. Dielectr Electr Insul IEEE Trans 7:480–488CrossRef
Havriliak S, Negami S (1967) A complex plane representation of dielectric and mechanical relaxation processes in some polymers. Polymer 8:161–210CrossRef
Heiler B, Ploss B (1994) Dielectric nonlinearities of P(VDF-TrFE). In: Electrets, (ISE 8), 8th international symposium on, pp. 662–667, DOI:10.1109/ISE.1994.514848
Hillenbrand J, Sessler GM (2000) Piezoelectricity in cellular electret films. Dielectr Electr Insul IEEE Trans 7:537–542CrossRef
Hillenbrand J, Sessler GM (2004) Quasistatic and dynamic piezoelectric coefficients of polymer foams and polymer film systems. Dielectr Electr Insul IEEE Trans 11:72–79CrossRef
Kremer F, Schönhals A (2002) Broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Springer, Berlin
Kressmann R (2001a) Linear and nonlinear piezoelectric response of charged cellular polypropylene. J Appl Phys 90:3489–3496CrossRef
Kressmann R (2001b) New piezoelectric polymer for air-borne and water-borne sound transducers. J Acoust Soc Am 109:1412–1416CrossRef
Künstler W, Xia Z, Weinhold T, Pucher A, Gerhard-Multhaupt R (2000) Piezoelectricity of porous polytetrafluoroethylene single- and multiple-film electrets containing high charge densities of both polarities. Appl Phys A 70:5–8CrossRef
Lang SB (1991) Laser intensity modulation method (LIMM): experimental techniques, theory and solution of the integral equation. Ferroelectrics 118:343–361CrossRef
Lang SB, Das-Gupta DK (1981) A technique for determining the polarization distribution in thin polymer electrets using periodic heating. Ferroelectrics 39:1249–1252CrossRef
Lekkala J, Poramo R, Nyholm K (1996) EMF force sensor-a flexible and sensitive electret film for physiological applications. Med Biol Eng Comput 34:67–69
Lou K, Zhang X, Xia Z (2012) Piezoelectric performance of fluor polymer sandwiches with different void structures. Appl Phys A 107:613–620CrossRef
Mellinger A (2002) Piezoelectric resonances in the dielectric spectrum of polymer films. Dielectr Newsl Novocontrol 16, Issue April:1–8
Mellinger A (2003) Dielectric resonance spectroscopy: a versatile tool in the quest for better piezoelectric polymers. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 10:842–861CrossRef
Mellinger A, Singh R, Wegener M, Wirges W, Suarez RF, Lang SB, Santos LF, Gerhard-Multhaupt R (2005) High-resolution three-dimensional space-charge and polarization mapping with thermal pulses. In: Electrets, 2005. ISE-12. 12th international symposium on, pp. 212–215, DOI: 10.1109/ISE.2005.1612358
Mellinger A, Flores-Suãrez R, Singh R, Wegener M, Wirges W, Gerhard R, Lang S (2008) Thermal-pulse tomography of space-charge and polarization distributions in electret polymers. Int J Thermophys 29:2046–2054CrossRef
Neugschwandtner GS, Schwödiauer R, Vieytes M, Bauer-Gogonea S, Bauer S, Hillenbrand J, Kressmann R, Sessler GM, Paajanen M, Lekkala J (2000) Large and broadband piezoelectricity in smart polymer-foam space-charge electrets. Appl Phys Lett 77:3827–3829CrossRef
Ouellet S, Cronin D, Worswick M (2006) Compressive response of polymeric foams under quasi-static, medium and high strain rate conditions. Polym Test 25:731–743CrossRef
Paajanen M, Välimäki H, Lekkala J (2000) Modeling the electromechanical film (EMFi). J Electrostat 48:193CrossRef
Ploss B, Bianzano O (1994) Polarization profiling of the surface region of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE). In: Electrets, (ISE 8), 8th international symposium on, pp. 206–211, DOI:10.1109/ISE.1994.514769
Putzeys T, Wübbenhorst M (2015a) Asymmetric polarization and hysteresis behaviour in ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) (76:24) copolymer thin films spatially resolved via LIMM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17:7767–7774CrossRef
Putzeys T, Wübbenhorst M (2015b) Polarization domain information on insect wing chitin using the Scanning PyroElectric Microscope (SPEM). IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 22:1394–1400CrossRef
Qiu X, Hollander L, Wirges W, Gerhard R, Cury Basso H (2013) Direct hysteresis measurements on ferroelectret films by means of a modified Sawyer-Tower circuit. J Appl Phys 113:224106CrossRef
Quintel A, Hulliger J, Wübbenhorst M (1998) Analysis of the polarization distribution in a polar perhydrotriphenylene inclusion compound by scanning pyroelectric microscopy. J Phys Chem B 102:4277–4283CrossRef
Sawyer CB, Tower CH (1930) Rochelle salt as a dielectric. Phys Rev 35:269–273CrossRef
Sessler GM (1997) Charge distribution and transport in polymers. Dielectr Electr Insul IEEE Trans 4:614–628CrossRef
Sessler GM, Hillenbrand J (1999) Electromechanical response of cellular electrets films. Appl Phys Lett 75:3405–3407CrossRef
Sessler GM, Hillenbrand J (2013) Figure of merit of piezoelectret transducers for pulse-echo or transmit-receive systems for airborne ultrasound. Appl Phys Lett 103:122904CrossRef
Sessler GM, West JE, Gerhard R (1981) Measurement of charge distribution in polymer electrets by a new pressure-pulse method. Polym Bull 6:109–111CrossRef
Suárez RF, Mellinger A, Wegener M, Wirges W, Gerhard-Multhaupt R, Rajeev S (2006) Thermal-pulse tomography of polarization distributions in a cylindrical geometry. Dielectr Electr Insul IEEE Trans 13:1030–1035
Sun Z, Zhang X, Xia Z, Qiu X, Wirges W, Gerhard R, Zeng C, Zhang C, Wang B (2011) Polarization and piezoelectricity in polymer films with artificial void structure. Appl Phys A 105:197–205CrossRef
Takada T, Maeno T, Kushibe H (1987) An electric stress-pulse technique for the measurement of charges in a plastic plate irradiated by an electron beam. Electr Insul IEEE Trans EI-22:497–501CrossRef
Toureille A, Notingher P, Vella N, Malrieu S, Castellon J, Agnel S (1998) The thermal step technique: an advanced method for studying the properties and testing the quality of polymers. Polym Int 46:81–92CrossRef
van Turnhout J, Staal RE, Wübbenhorst M, de Haan P (1999) Distribution and stability of charges in porous polypropylene films. In: 10th international symposium on electrets (ISE 10). European Cultural Center of Delphi, 22–24 Sept 1999, IEEE Service Center, Piscataway
Wegener M (2008) Polarization-electric field hysteresis of ferroelectric PVDF films: comparison of different measurement regimes. Rev Sci Instrum 79:106103CrossRef
Weibull W (1951) A statistical distribution function of wide applicability. J Appl Mech 18:293–297
Zhang X, Hillenbrand J, Sessler GM (2004) Piezoelectric d33 coefficient of cellular polypropylene subjected to expansion by pressure treatment. Appl Phys Lett 85:1226–1228CrossRef
Zhang X, Hillenbrand J, Sessler GM (2007) Ferroelectrets with improved thermal stability made from fused fluorocarbon layers. J Appl Phys 101:054114CrossRef
Zhang X, Cao G, Sun Z, Xia Z (2010) Fabrication of fluoropolymer piezoelectrets by using rigid template: structure and thermal stability. J Appl Phys 108:064113CrossRef
Zhang X, Hillenbrand J, Sessler GM, Haberzettl S, Lou K (2012) Fluoroethylenepropylene ferroelectrets with patterned microstructure and high, thermally stable piezoelectricity. Appl Phys A 107:621–629CrossRef
Zhang X, Zhang XW, Sessler GM, Gong X (2014) Quasi-static and dynamic piezoelectric responses of layered polytetrafluoroethylene ferroelectrets. J Phys D Appl Phys 47:015501
Metadaten
Titel
Polymer Electrets and Ferroelectrets as EAPs: Characterization
verfasst von
Michael Wübbenhorst
Xiaoqing Zhang
Tristan Putzeys
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Buch
Electromechanically Active Polymers

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31528-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-31530-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31530-0_26

Neuer Inhalt

    Bildnachweise