Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Polymer Gels as EAPs: Fundamentals Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

24. Polymer Electrets and Ferroelectrets as EAPs: Fundamentals

verfasst von : Ingrid Graz, Axel Mellinger

Erschienen in: Electromechanically Active Polymers

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Electrets are dielectric materials capable of quasi-permanently storing electric charges at their surface or in their bulk. This chapter presents a brief history of electret research, followed by a classification and introduction of the most important electret materials. The chapter also discusses ferroelectrets and recent developments in charge stability.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Polymers as EAPs: Devices and Applications
Nächstes Kapitel Polymer Electrets and Ferroelectrets as EAPs: Materials
Literatur
Ahlheim M, Lehr F (1994) Electrooptically active polymers. Non‐linear optical polymers prepared from maleic anhydride copolymers by polymer analogous reactions. Macromol Chem Phys 195:361–373CrossRef
Bauer S (2006) Piezo-, pyro-and ferroelectrets: soft transducer materials for electromechanical energy conversion. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 5:953–962
Bauer S, Gerhard-Multhaupt R et al (2004) Ferroelectrets: soft electroactive foams for transducers. Phys Today 57(2):37–43CrossRef
Bauer-Gogonea S, Bauer S (2001) Polymer electrets for electronics, sensors, and photonics. In: Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of advanced electronic and photonic materials and devices. Academic, Burlington, pp 185–231CrossRef
Broadhurst MG, Davis GT et al (1978) Piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity in PVDF a model. J Appl Phys 49(10):4992–4997CrossRef
Brodribb JD, O’Colmain D et al (1975) The theory of photon-stimulated current spectroscopy. J Phys D 8:856–862CrossRef
Curie J, Curie P (1880) Développement par compression de l’ electricité polaire dans les cristaux hémiedres a faces inclines. Bull Soc Minerol Fr 3:90–93
Farona MF (1996) Benzocyclobutenes in polymer chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 21(3):505–555CrossRef
Gray S (1732) A letter concerning the electricity of water, from Mr. Stephen Gray to Cromwell Mortimer, MD Secr. RS. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser A 37:285CrossRef
Graz I, Kaltenbrunner M et al (2006) Flexible ferroelectret field-effect transistor for large-area sensor skins and microphones. Appl Phys Lett 89:073501CrossRef
Harris S, Mellinger A (2014) Towards a better understanding of dielectric barrier discharges in ferroelectrets: Paschen breakdown fields in micrometer sized voids. J Appl Phys 115:163302CrossRef
Hattori T, Takahashi T et al (1996) Piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of polyurea‐5 thin films prepared by vapor deposition polymerization. J Appl Phys 79:1713CrossRef
Heaviside O (1885) Electromagnetic induction and its propagation, electrization and electrification. Natural electrets. Electrician :230–231
Hu Z, von Seggern H (2006) Breakdown-induced polarization buildup in porous fluoropolymer sandwiches: a thermally stable piezoelectret. J Appl Phys 99:024102CrossRef
Huang C, West JE et al (2007) Organic field‐effect transistors and unipolar logic gates on charged electrets from spin‐on organosilsesquioxane resins. Adv Funct Mater 17:142–153CrossRef
Jean-Mistral C, Vu Cong T et al (2012) Advances for dielectric elastomer generators: replacement of high voltage supply by electret. Appl Phys Lett 101:162901CrossRef
Kawai H (1969) The piezoelectricity of poly (vinylidene fluoride). Jpn J Appl Phys 8:975–976
Kennedy AP, Babb DA et al (1995) Perfluorocyclobutane aromatic ether polymers. II. Thermal/oxidative stability and decomposition of a thermoset polymer. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 33(11):1859–1865CrossRef
Kirjavainen K (1986) Electromechanical film and procedure for manufacturing the same. European Patent Application 0,182,764
Lindner M, Bauer-Gogonea S et al (2002) Dielectric barrier microdischarges: mechanism for the charging of cellular piezoelectric polymers. J Appl Phys 91:5283CrossRef
Małecki JA (1999) Linear decay of charge in electrets. Phys Rev B 59:9954–9960CrossRef
McFee JH, Bergman JR Jr et al (1972) Pyroelectric and nonlinear optical properties of poled polyvinylidene fluoride films. Ferroelectrics 3(1):305–313CrossRef
Mellinger A, Camacho González F et al (2003) Ultraviolet-induced discharge currents and reduction of the piezoelectric coefficient in cellular polypropylene films. Appl Phys Lett 82:254–256CrossRef
Mellinger A, Camacho González F et al (2004) Photostimulated discharge in electret polymers: an alternative approach for investigating deep traps. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 11:218–226CrossRef
Meunier M, Quirke N et al (2001) Molecular modeling of electron traps in polymer insulators: chemical defects and impurities. J Chem Phys 115:276–288CrossRef
Mopsik FI, Broadhurst MG (1975) Molecular dipole electrets. J Appl Phys 46(10):4204CrossRef
Neugschwandtner GS, Schwoediauer R et al (2001) Piezo-and pyroelectricity of a polymer-foam space-charge electret. J Appl Phys 89:4503–4511CrossRef
Norwood RA, Findakly T et al (1992) Optical polymers and multifunctional materials. In: Hornak LA (ed) Polymers for lightwave and integrated optics. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 287–320
Qiu X (2010) Patterned piezo-, pyro-, and ferroelectricity of poled polymer electrets. J Appl Phys 108:011101CrossRef
Qiu X, Mellinger A et al (2007) Barrier discharges in cellular polypropylene ferroelectrets: how do they influence the electromechanical properties? J Appl Phys 101:104112CrossRef
Qiu X, Holländer L et al (2013) Patterned piezo-, pyro-, and ferroelectricity of poled polymer electrets. J Appl Phys 89:4503
Riande E, Saiz E (1992) Dipole moments and birefringence of polymers. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Rollik D, Bauer S et al (1999) Separate contributions to the pyroelectricity in poly (vinylidene fluoride) from the amorphous and crystalline phases, as well as from their interface. J Appl Phys 85:3282–3288CrossRef
Savolainen A, Kirjavainen K et al (1989) Electrothermomechanical film: part 1. Design and characteristics. J Macromol Sci A 26(2–3):583–591CrossRef
Sessler GM (ed) (1987) Electrets, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin
Sessler GM, Hillenbrand J (1999) Electromechanical response of cellular electret films. Appl Phys Lett 75:3405–3407CrossRef
Sessler GM, West JE (1962) Self-biased condenser microphone with high capacitance. J Acoust Soc Am 34(11):1787–1788CrossRef
Sessler GM, Das-Gupta DK et al (1992) Piezo and pyroelectricity in electrets caused by charges, dipoles or both? IEEE Trans Electr Insul 27:872–897CrossRef
Sessler GM, Yang GM et al (1997) Electret properties of cycloolefin copolymers. In: Annual report, conference on electrical insulation and dielectric phenomena, IEEE service center, Piscataway, pp 467–470
Singer KD, Sohn JE et al (1986) Second harmonic generation in poled polymer films. Appl Phys Lett 49(5):248–250CrossRef
Stockmayer WH (1967) Dielectric dispersion in solutions of flexible polymers. Pure Appl Chem 15(3–4):539–554
Teyssedre G, Laurent C et al (2001) Deep trapping centers in crosslinked polyethylene investigated by molecular modeling and luminescence techniques. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 8:744–752CrossRef
Van Turnhout J (1975) Use of polymers for electrets. J Electrost 1(2):147–163CrossRef
Van Turnhout J (1999) Thermally stimulated discharge of electrets. In: Sessler GM (ed) Electrets, vol 1, 3. Laplacian Press, Morgan Hill, pp 81–215
Vasudevan P, Nalwa HS et al (1979) Pyroelectricity in thiourea formaldehyde polymer. J Appl Phys 50:4324CrossRef
Wang S, Lin ZH et al (2013) Motion charged battery as sustainable flexible-power-unit. ACS Nano 7(12):11263–11271CrossRef
Wegener M, Bauer S (2005) Microstorms in cellular polymers: a route to soft piezoelectric transducer materials with engineered macroscopic dipoles. ChemPhysChem 6(6):1014–1025CrossRef
Xia Z, Gerhard-Multhaupt R (1999) High surface-charge stability of porous polytetrafluoroethylene electret films at room and elevated temperatures. J Phys D Appl Phys 32:L83–L85CrossRef
Xia Z, Wedel A et al (2003) Charge Storage and its dynamics in porous polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) film electrets. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 10:102–108CrossRef
Xu HS, Cheng ZY et al (2001) Ferroelectric and electromechanical properties of poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) terpolymer. Appl Phys Lett 78:2360–2362CrossRef
Yue L, Wang X et al (2013) Study on evolution of deep charge traps in polyimide irradiated by low-energy protons using photo-stimulated discharge technique. J Phys D Appl Phys 46:145502CrossRef
Zhang X, Hillenbrand J et al (2006) Thermally stable fluorocarbon ferroelectrets with high piezoelectric coefficient. Appl Phys A 84:139–142CrossRef
Zhang X, Hillenbrand J et al (2007) Ferroelectrets with improved thermal stability made from fused fluorocarbon layers. J Appl Phys 101:054114-1
Zhang X, Zhang X et al (2014) Low-cost, large-area, stretchable piezoelectric films based on irradiation-crosslinked poly (propylene). Macromol Mater Eng 299:290–295CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Polymer Electrets and Ferroelectrets as EAPs: Fundamentals
verfasst von
Ingrid Graz
Axel Mellinger
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Buch
Electromechanically Active Polymers

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31528-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-31530-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31530-0_24

Neuer Inhalt

    Bildnachweise