Proceedings of the International Conference of Mechatronics and Cyber-MixMechatronics - 2017

Frontmatter

Fluctuation of Contact Voltage During Fretting Phases

Abstract

Due to repetitive micro-displacements, the fretting phenomenon was defined as an electrical and mechanical degradation of the electrical contact interface in telecommunications and more recently in power automotive connectors. Commonly, the electrical degradation was quantified by the increase of contact resistance deduced from the contact voltage. This work aims to address the analysis of the change of contact temperature and the contact voltage during the three successive fretting phases at low and high level contacts. U-shape samples of cooper with a tin protective coating were used and fixed on a vibration system.

Indeed, the analysis of the voltage fluctuations in term of level and time appearance was a very useful tool to analyze in-situ the fretting behavior. Upon the analysis of experimental data, it was found that the first phase corresponds to the phase of sample self-cleaning and to the beginning of the fretting phenomenon; the second phase corresponds to a rapid increasing of the fretting phenomenon. Finally, at the end of the second phase, the fretting phenomenon is stable and the measured contact temperature reached 150 °C.

Rochdi El Abdi, Sofiane El Mossouess, Noureddine Benjemâa, Erwann Carvou, Laurent Doublet

Mathematical Model for Determining the Contour of a New Type of Profiled Rotor

Abstract

The first part of the paper presents the constructive solution for a new type of volumetric meter for liquid flow rate measurement.

The meter consists of two special profiled rotors, which ensure a high accuracy in measuring the liquid flow rate.

Mathematical computing relations for the rotor contour in (x_i y_i) coordinates are presented; a computer program has been used afterwards to obtain these coordinates necessary to build the rotors using a numerical controlled center (N.C.C.).

Evelina Donisan, Nicolae Băran

Reducing the Effects of Flooding Using Local Intelligent Systems

Abstract

Although various types of flood warning systems, which can be considered lesser or greater “smart”, are already functional, however they are dependent of other complex systems, such as satellites, sensor networks or internet connection, which in certain situations could be not available. This project proposes a local intelligent system for the flooding anticipation, based on a collection of sensors and intelligent algorithms of data processing - independent or complementary to other existing warning system.

Mihai Mărgăritescu, Ana Maria Eulampia Rolea, Constantin Anghel

Conceptual Model of Computerized Nationwide Scale Multiparameter Monitoring System for Drinking Water Quality

Abstract

The article presents a multi-criteria functional model developed to analyze physicochemical and microbiological tests of drinking water for real-time monitoring. The model components comprise software and hardware units designed to collect real-time measurement, data storage, transmission and visualization for alphanumerical data of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters of drinking water. The article will present a new concept useful in treating accidental water contamination: the ability to make determinations of physicochemical parameters using a portable electronic module portable, energetically autonomous, placed “on the spot”, which wirelessly transmits data to the water operator’s server, and hence to the national authority server. Data will be displayed in real time as a graphical evolution in time of decontamination. This functional model will serve the implementation, with low costs, of computer technology at local and national level for water quality controlling. The development of an information technology improves the methods of assessing water quality by using monitoring results as a basis for risk management actions.

Anca Atanasescu, Paul Nicolae Ancuţa, Sorin Sorea, Constantin Anghel, Dănut-Iulian Stanciu

The Use of Microtehnologies Processing on Water Aeration Plants Construction

Abstract

The paper presents how advanced technologies can serve to solve some water aeration plants problems. The construction of fine air bubbles generators is needed for an efficient water aeration. The main element of those generators is the orifice plate for air injection in the water mass. The research team has built a fine bubble generator with 152 orifice plate (Ø 100 μm) which can be achieved through spark-erosion or microvoids technologies. The theoretical and experimental researches on increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration in water have led to satisfactory results.

Rareș Păun, Nicolae Băran, Albertino Roza, Beatrice Tănase, Rasha Cusma

Researches on the Use of Air Filtration Elements in the Creation of Microbubbles for Water Oxygenation

Abstract

The air filtering device allows the airflow at the exit of filter cartridge to generate very small bubbles called microbubbles (Ø < 100 μm). The size of the air bubble injected into the water tank depends on the orifice size in the microbubbles generator perforated plate. The paper presents the theoretical and experimental researches results on the use of air filtration cartridges to the achievement of micro air bubbles.

Nicolae Băran, George Marin, Mihaela Constantin, Rareș Păun, Albertino Roza

Direct Dynamics of Gough–Stewart Hexapod Platforms Using the Redundant Parameterisation of Rotations by Full Rotation Matrices

Abstract

The direct dynamics study of Gough–Stewart hexapod platforms presented in this paper represents a preparatory step towards the direct dynamics study of a double hexapod, i.e., two Gough–Stewart platforms mounted in parallel one above the other. The direct dynamics model used here is based on the redundant parameterisation of rotations by full 3 × 3 rotation matrices. The dynamics of each solid of the hexapod platform comprises 12 scalar differential Eqs. (3 for each translation and 9 for each solid rotation) and 6 algebraic scalar orthogonality equations, plus the algebraic constraints characterizing the joints. For the entire hexapod, the overall differential-algebraic system comprises 156 scalar differential equations and 78 + 72 = 150 scalar algebraic equations. Of course, a number of 150 scalar Lagrange multipliers are introduced in association with fulfilling the algebraic equations. So, our dynamic modelling technique involves an increased number of parameters and equations, but this disadvantage is compensated by the fact that the dynamic equations can be written in a systematic way, being structurally similar for each solid of the hexapod multibody system. From the numerical point of view, the differential-algebraic system is solved by an iterative “shooting method”, using classical adaptive stepsize Runge–Kutta integration. No convergence troubles were encountered so far, when studying the direct dynamics of the Gough–Stewart hexapod platform considered as case study.

Dan N. Dumitriu, Mihai Mărgăritescu, Ana Maria Eulampia Rolea

The Study of Pinion – Rack Mechanism Using Matlab and Spyder-Python

Abstract

The study presents a comparison between a graphic simulation of a pinion-rack mechanism operating developed both in Matlab and PYTHON environments. Also some remarks, concerning the software’s efficiency and an economic analysis efficiency-cost of the two software, are presented in this study which have an identical use/purpose.

Mainly, the idea of materialization of such a work has come out of necessity of programs usage that imply low purchase costs. From the point the view of acquisition, SPYDER-PYTHON is a open source e.g. free software. Spyder is the Scientific PYthon Development Environment. Both programs, MATLAB and PYTHON, can achieve certain accounts, can employ matrix and implement utility programs the difference between them are the used functions, because some of them don’t match. MATLAB is a broader program from the point of view of functions against PYTHON, but from the point of view of cost software PYTHON is the advantageous solution.

Using PYTHON software in achieving performance and make an animation of pinion rack mechanism, it was noticed that the only differences between this program and MATLAB are certain functions with different syntaxes. In the present study it stands out in particular that both software are similar in terms of programming language and interface.

Each environment has advantages and disadvantages and their use is identical in terms of performances compared to results. Considering that PYTHON environment uses a particular programming language MATLAB is much used in industry and academia worldwide.

The study of present paper can be enhanced with new researches concerning the description and functionality of the programs as well as the presentation and improvement of the toolbox sites belonging PYTHON program, in order to achieve more complex animation in terms of the movement mechanisms.

Ciprian Ion Rizescu, Dana Rizescu

Experimental Research Relating to the Manufacture of Parts by the Addition of Material

Abstract

This work was developed at University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest and there were several challenges regarding technological aspects. Finally, we have succeeded in designing and manufacturing a printed object, according to required conditions. In the paper is presented as compared the manufacturing process by adding the material which uses the raw material in the solid state between two systems to print provided with a extruder and with two extruders. Thus, there were designed and printed a couple of physical models used in sporting activities, in accordance with the 3D models. There are presented some remarks about the quality for the two printing systems.

Dana Rizescu, Ciprian Ion Rizescu

Load-Based Generic Polca: Performance Assessement Using Simulation

Abstract

POLCA (i.e. Paired-cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization) is a card-based decision support system for production control, developed to support the adoption of Quick Response Manufacturing. Two variants of POLCA have been proposed in the literature to improve POLCA performance: Load Based POLCA and Generic POLCA. In this paper, we combine these two variants into a single production control system and analyse its performance for different backlog-sequencing rules. The results of a simulation study carried out for a make-to-order flow shop, support the strategy of combining these two POLCA variants and show that capacity-slack backlog sequencing based on corrected aggregate load have the potential for improving performance.

Nuno O. Fernandes, Sílvio Carmo-Silva

Research on Implementation Orthopedic Prostheses Ankle by the Process Rapid Prototyping

Abstract

It presents the advantages it offers rapid prototyping for making orthopedic prostheses compared to current manufacturing processes thereof. Dimensional reconstruction and anatomic ankle system modeling techniques based on the analysis and processing of images, graphic representations using 3D anatomical model of ankle and using this model for implementation ankle prosthesis 3D printing techniques.

Ştefan-Cătălin Popescu, Gheorghe I. Gheorghe, Octavian Donţu

Some Problems Biocompatible Materials Used for Making Endoprostheses Ankle

Abstract

Biocompatible materials are used for the set ankle endoprosthesis used in modern medical practice or polymeric biomaterials, biomaterials composite and ceramic biomaterials. Ankle endoprosthesis must become an integral part of the patient’s body should be accepted and tolerated by the patient, the latter passing through a process of integration and adaptation very stressful.

Ştefan-Cătălin Popescu, Gheorghe I. Gheorghe, Octavian Donţu, Besnea Daniel

Mathematical Modelling of the Induction Soldering Process for the Coils Connection

Abstract

This paper presents the mathematical numerical modeling of the induction soldering process for the connection between coils which can be made only after they are mounted on the magnet already in final form painted and mechanical processed, in order to overcome to the technical difficulties and to optimize the characteristics of the inductor according to the technical requests.

Ionel Chiriță, E. S. Apostol, Nicolae Tănase, Cristinel Ilie, Marius Popa

Mechatronic System for Solar Energy Acquisition

Abstract

The paper presents the mechatronic system for solar energy acquisition for using the system fed on. The mechatronic system with two independent movements affords the high accuracy positioning along the two axes for an optic beam narrowing having the main role of focusing the solar energy. The mathematical model and the design of its components are made by using Delphi. The control of mechatronic system with movements along the two axes, which are azimuth and elevation, has been done with microcontroller.

Besnea Daniel, Octavian Donţu, Gheorghe I. Gheorghe, Victor Constantin, Spanu Alina

Text Recognition for Objects Identification in the Industry

Abstract

In line with 4th industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), the mechatronics and related areas are fundamental to boost the developments of industry digitalization. However, it should not be forgotten that artificial intelligence (AI) has a great preponderance on the development of autonomous and intelligent systems incorporating the advances in mechatronics systems. It is common in different industries the need to identify and recognize products or objects for different purposes such as counts, quality control, selection of objects, among others. For these reasons, pattern recognition is increasingly being used in systems on the shop floor, usually implemented in computer vision systems with image processing in real time. This work focuses on automatic detection and text recognition in unstructured images for use on shop floor mechatronic systems with vision systems, to identify and recognize patterns in products. Unstructured images are images that does not have a pre-defined image model or is not organized in a predefined manner. Which means that there is no predefined calibration model, the system must identify and learn by itself to recognize the text patterns. The techniques of character recognition, also known as OCR (Optical Character Reader), are not new in the industry, however the use of machine learning algorithms together with the existing techniques of OCR, allow endow the systems of greater intelligence in the patterns recognition. The results achieved throughout the paper, demonstrates that it is possible to identify and recognize text in objects based on unstructured images with a high level of accuracy and that these algorithms can be used in real time applications.

Pedro M. B. Torres

Load Forecasting in WiFi Access Points over the LTE Network

Abstract

The concept of smart cities grew with the need to rethink the use of urban spaces based on the constant technological advances and respecting sustainability. Today the urbanism and the methodologies to think about the city are changing, as citizens want more access to digital information on almost everything. Therefore, cities need to be planned and equipped with infrastructures that enable connectivity between the citizens’ devices and the digital information. This challenge raises technological problems, such as traffic management, in an attempt to guarantee fair network access to all users. Solutions based on wireless resource management and self-organizing networks are key when design the connectivity for these smart cities. This paper presents a study on forecasting the daily load of Wi-Fi city hotspots, taking also in consideration the weather conditions. This is particularly interesting to predict the network load and resource requirements needed to ensure proper quality of service is provided to the hotspot users. The study was performed in a Wi-Fi hotspot located in the city of Castelo Branco, Portugal. The results show the ARIMA model is capable of identifying and forecasting seasonality events for one week in advance including its capability to correlate the number of hotspot users with weather conditions.

Hugo Marques, Pedro M. B. Torres, Paulo Marques, Rogério Dionísio, Jonathan Rodriguez

A New Approach for the Non-linear Analysis of the Deflection of Beams Using Lie Symmetry Groups

Abstract

The linear formulation does not yield acceptable results when is used to the beams that experience large deflections. Further, the linear models could accommodate large deflections such as those encountered in some machinery where bending does not exceed three times the thickness of the beam. However, the defection of beams subjected to arbitrary loads that yield non-linear deflection has been solved so far only for two loading conditions; point moment and point force. The present work presents a general method based on Lie symmetry groups that yields an exact solution to the general problem involving any arbitrary loading.

M. Amin Changizi, Ion Stiharu, Davut Erdem Sahin

Coupling and Assembly Elements Using Microfabrication Technologies

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to presents the conception, achievements, measurement and data analysis regarding the connecting and the assembling of the components of a MEMS electromagnetic microactuator, cantilever type.

The microactuator is composed of a fixed lower part on which was processed a flat coil and a mobile upper part that contains a cantilever and a permanent magnet or an array of permanent magnets.

The two parts must be coupled and joined together.

The purpose of the study is to realize the high precise coupling and fixing parts, to ensure a precisely relative positioning and high repeatability between parts position, using a simple and low cost technology.

There were processed and analyzed six constructive shapes, male-female type, each one of them in two dimension types.

The structures were made by UV laser photolithography, using SU8 3050 resist.

The measurements were made using optical microscopy and white–light interferometry (optical profilometry).

Dimensional measurements were performed for the coupled parts male-female type, also, the surface roughness was measured and the thickness uniformity of the structures.

The conclusions establish the best choice of the constructive shapes for the connecting elements, according to a particular application.

Marius Popa, Cristinel Ilie, Daniel Lipcinski, Ionel Chirita, Nicolae Tanase, Simona Apostol

Research Regarding the Design of a Closed-Loop Pneumatic Positioning System Without Using Proportional Equipment

Abstract

The paper shows the design, manufacturing and testing of a new type of closed-loop pneumatic positioning system. The design is comprised solely of on/off equipment, which ensures overall low cost. Exhaust flow control and thus speed control for both directions of movement is done by means of several groups of way valves. This ensures that the system can obtain different speeds. Maximum speed is obtained when all of the way valves are open and minimum speed is obtained by using only one way valve. The last version is used close to the desired position to ensure the low speed needed to obtain precision. System control is done by means of a microcontroller that stores and executes the working programs.

Mihai Avram, Victor Constantin, Amza Meral

Pneumatic Linear Incremental Actuator

Abstract

The paper refers to a linear pneumatic actuator with incremental functioning developed by the authors. The structure of the actuator is presented and the theoretical aspects that are governing the actuator working are treated. On the basis of the functional model built by the authors, the static characteristic of the actuator is determined, theoretically and then experimentally. Finally, the solution found in order to optimize the performances of the actuator are presented.

Constantin Bucșan, Mihai Avram

State of the Art Survey on Using Robots in Oil and Gas Industry

Abstract

The objective of this study regards the using of robotics to improve the oil and gas industry. The study is necessary because, since the previous years, researchers and scientists have increased interest in finding the best means to protect oil and gas pipelines that are not replaceable, in order to detect the most important defects that occurs in oil and gas pipes. The most important defects, such as cracks, corrosion and leakage, occurs as a result of problems in welding areas, high temperature, aging in the infrastructure of pipelines and others. In order to solve the problem, the robot sends accurate data on the location and severity of the defects that occur in the pipes to the worker, for the purpose of early maintenance on the pipelines, to reduce risks in the future.

Ahmed Sachet Hashim, Bogdan Grămescu, Constantin Niţu

Bond Graphs Modelling of Electromagnetic Actuators

Abstract

The paper presents the model of an electromagnetic actuator, developed in 20 sim environment, by use of Bond Graph method. The software facilities are exploited by using both signal block diagram and the power bond graph elements within the same model. The models of the flux raising stage, when the armature doesn’t move and the dynamic period, until the armature ends its stroke are presented. These ones take into account only the saturation of the core magnetization curve, but not its nonlinearity. The data used for simulation are from an experimental tested device, so, both calculated and measured results can be compared.

Constantin Niţu, Bogdan Grămescu, Mihai Avram

Study on Inspection of Circular Parts Used in Mechatronics

Abstract

Classical methods for the inspection on a production line of circular profiles are characterized by a reduced flexibility, making them extremely expensive. This work provides a study on vision systems used for determining deviation from circularity of components used in mechatronics. The paper present a vision system that analyzes and processes the captured image of circular parts in an automatic mode in order to undertake the dimensional inspection. The proposed system has been tested for MR522ZEZO class miniature bearings. The inner diameter of MR522ZEZO bearing is 2 mm, which makes it unavailable for dimensional control by conventional methods. Experimental results show that the proposed system is able to perform an accurate dimensional control in automatic mode while ensuring high flexibility for distinct types and sizes of mechatronic components with circular profiles.

Robert Ciobanu, Dana Rizescu, Ciprian Rizescu

A New Method for Establishing the Performances of an Optoelectronic Sensor

Abstract

The paper presents a method and a mechanical system able to generate imposed/standard trajectories (circle, ellipse, parabola, line or combinations of them) which, tracked by an optoelectronic sensor based on the triangulation principle, allowing evaluation of its accuracy performances. The maximum of the absolute values of the differences between the points of the standard curve and the curves obtained through data acquisition from the optoelectronic sensor represents the comparison value that allows the ranking of performances of various types of sensors, optical as well as based on other functional principles: ultrasounds, radio etc. The optoelectronic sensor presented in the paper is the base component of a system that controls mini robots having a sole mark/point placed on their body as displacement reference. Such a system is tackled in the frame of a complex scientific research performed by the authors.

S. Petrache, D. Duminică, L. A. Cartal, T. C. Apostolescu, G. Ionașcu, L. Bogatu

Improving Productivity and Standard Time Updating in an Industrial Company – A Case Study

Abstract

Today’s marketplace imposes ever-tightening product pricing and quality requirements, shorter delivery times, and increasingly customized products. With increasing competition in today’s global market, companies are increasingly pressured to improve the performance of their production systems in order to be more competitive and improve market share. In order to try to satisfy these requirements several companies seek for the application of methodologies that may enable them to respond to these challenges, such as the ones based on the Lean Manufacturing philosophy. In this work standard times of four extruders are determined and updated in the context of setup time’s analysis and minimization in a company, in Portugal. First, a diagnosis is made to the tire floor extrusion process in order to evaluate all of its inefficiencies with the greatest impact on the production process, after the standard time of each extruder is analysed and updated through an extended approach which does also consider setup times reduction, along with the production times, for reaching a higher process optimization rate and productivity in the underlying production system.

Mariana Araújo, Gabriela Amaral, Leonilde Varela, José Machado, Justyna Trojanowska

Case Study Regarding Measurements Implemented with the Repair Entry a Hydrogregate Campela with Vibro Expert Diagnosis System

Abstract

Permanent knowledge of the technical state of rotating turbines, intelligent planning of interventions according to the evolution of vibrations parameters, identification and correction of mounting errors, are the important objectives of proactive maintenance that the operating engineer must pursue for avoidance disruptions or definitive decommissioning. The purpose of this paper is to present a case study on the vibrations diagnosis of hydro-aggregate CAMPELA HA1 - CHE Dubasari/12 MW/120 RPM. The Vibro Expert diagnosis system mounted on CAPMELA is designed to measure, monitor, diagnose, predict and analyze the main technical and functional parameters of the hydro-aggregate in order to exploit it in maximum safety.

Ionel Rusa, Cornel Marin, Marius Baidoc

Backmatter