nach oben

Erschienen in:

2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Psychological Aspects of Human Dynamics in Underground Evacuation: Field Experiments

verfasst von : Robert Zinke, Gesine Hofinger, Laura Künzer

Erschienen in: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The relevance of individual and social human factors in evacuation generally has been accepted, but only few studies aim at determining their specific influence on evacuation behavior. Data come from accident analysis, laboratory experiments, and field studies. A series of studies including passenger counts, passenger interviews and field experiments is reported. Data show that many passengers would need help in an evacuation, that passengers lack knowledge about evacuation signs and behavior, and that they expect their own behavior to be non-compliant with some evacuation orders. Field experiments show instances of helping participants with simulated impairments, and of altruistic as well as egoistic behavior. Results concerning group behavior include staying together and even building “human lumps”.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Psychological Aspects of German Signal Words in Evacuation Warnings

Nächstes Kapitel The Effects of the Design Factors of the Train-Platform Interface on Pedestrian Flow Rates

Carlson, L.A., Hölscher, C., Shipley T.F. and Conroy-Dalton, R C (2010). Getting lost in buildings. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 284–289.CrossRef

Kang, K., Han, K. & Kim, J. (2010). A Study on Passenger Level Change Mode Choice in a Public Transport Transfer System: -Gwangmyeong station case-. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.8, 2010.

Cocking, C., Drury, J. & Reicher, S. (2009). The psychology of crowd behaviour in emergency evacuations: Results from two interview studies and implications for the Fire and Rescue Services. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 30 (1–4), 59–73.CrossRef

Conroy-Dalton, R. (2005). Space syntax and spatial cognition. World Architecture: Space Syn-tax Monograph 11(185), 41–45.

Drury, J., Cocking, C. & Reicher, S. (2009). Everyone for themselves? A comparative study of crowd solidarity among emergency survivors. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48 (3), 487–506.CrossRef

Drury, J., Cocking, C., Reicher, S., Burton, A., Schofield, D., Hardwick, A., Graham, D., & Langston, P. (2009). Co-operation versus competition in a mass emergency evacuation: A new laboratory simulation and a new theoretical model. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 957–970.

Dynes, R.R. (2006). Panic and the vision of collective incompetence. Natural hazard observer, Vol. XXXI (2).

Fahy, R. F. & Proulx, G. (2009). ‘Panic’ and human behaviour in fire. Paper presented at the 4th International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fire, Robinson College, Cambridge.

Forell, B. (2004). Bewertung der Anforderungen der Musterversammlungsstättenverordnung (Mai 2002) hinsichtlich realistischer Evakuierungsszenarien in Diskotheken und ähnlichen Vergnügungsstätten. Braunschweig: TU Braunschweig.

10.

Frantzich, H., & Nilsson, D. (2004). Evacuation Experiments in a Smoke Filled Tunnel. Paper presented at the third International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fire, Belfast, UK.

11.

Fridolf, K. (2010). Fire evacuation in underground transportation systems: a review of acci-dents and empirical research. Report 3151. Lund: Lunds universitet.

12.

Helbing, D., Farkas, I., & Vicsek, T., Freezing by heating in a driven mesoscopic system, Physical Review Letters 84, 1240–1243 (2000).CrossRef

13.

Helbing, D., Molnár, P., Farkas, I. J. & Bolay, K. (2001). Self-organizing pedestrian movement. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 28, 361–383.CrossRef

14.

Karwowski, W. (2012). The discipline of human factors and ergonomics. In Salvendy, G. Hand-book of human factors and ergonomics (4th ed.) (3–37). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

15.

Moussaïd, M., Helbing, D. & Theraulaz, G. (2011) How simple rules determine pedestrian behavior and crowd disasters. PNAS 108 (17) 6884–6888.CrossRef

16.

Nilsson, D. (2010) METRO - A research project about fires and explosions in metro systems (underground). Presentation at the International Rail Accident Investigation Conference, 25 November 2010.

17.

Nilsson, D. (2009). Exit Choice in Fire Emergencies - Influencing Choice of Exit With Flashing Lights. Lund University, Lund.

18.

Norén, A., & Winér, J. (2003). Modelling Crowd Evacuation from Road and Train Tunnels – Data and design for faster evacuations (No. 5127). Lund: Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund University, Sweden

19.

Oswald, M., Lebeda, C., Schneider, U., & Kirchberger, H. (2005). Full-Scale Evacuation. Experiments in a smoke filled Rail Carriage - a detailed study of passenger behaviour under reduced visibility. Paper presented at the third International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, Vienna, Italy.

20.

Predtetschenski, W. M. & Milinski, A. I. (1971). Personenströme in Gebäuden - Berechnungsmethoden für die Projektierung. Köln-Braunsfeld: Verlagsgesellschaft Rudolf Müller.

21.

Quarantelli, E. (2008). The Nature and Conditions of Panic. In A. Boin (Hrsg.), Crisis Management (Vol. 2, S. 309–319). London: Sage Publications.

22.

Sanders, M. S. & McCormick, E. J. (1993). Human Factors in Engineering and Design (7th ed.). New York, NY

23.

Schadschneider, A., Klingsch, W., Klüpfel, H., Kretz, T., Rogsch, C. & Seyfried, A. (2009). Evacuation dynamics: Empirical results, modeling and applications. In B. Meyers (editor.), Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science (S. 517–550). Berlin: Springer.

24.

Schneider, U. & Kirchberger, H. (2007). Evakuierungsberechnungen bei Brandereignissen mittel Ingenieurmethoden. Brandschutz, 62–76.

25.

Schreckenberg, M. (2010). Dynamik von Menschenmassen, AKNZ Seminar, 22.06.2010. Deutsche Hochschule der Polizei, Brühl.

26.

Sime, J. D. (1995). Crowd psychology and engineering. Safety Science, 21(1), 1–14.CrossRefMathSciNet

27.

Tubbs, J. S. & Meacham, B. J. (2007). Egress design solutions: A guide to evacuation and crowd management planning. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Titel: Psychological Aspects of Human Dynamics in Underground Evacuation: Field Experiments
verfasst von: Robert Zinke
Gesine Hofinger
Laura Künzer
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-02446-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-02447-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02447-9_94

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Premium Partner