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2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Regional Architecture in the Persian Gulf: Conflicting Architectural Narratives of Global–Local Border Convergence

verfasst von : Ben Tosland

Erschienen in: Border Urbanism

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

During the twentieth century, the Persian Gulf’s regionalism created architecture representing the Persian Gulf, rather than each nation-state's distinct characteristics. This differs from contemporary historiographical thought. How international borders within the Persian Gulf have contributed to architectural development is an enlightening case study that considers the interface between modern architectural design vocabularies and regional design languages. Primary material from archives around Europe and the United Kingdom has formed a data set of buildings, architects and years constructed, establishing a correlation between building projects and geopolitical events. Furthermore, analysis of these events suggests that these events have caused geographical shifts in developmental focus and aesthetic evolution.

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Vorheriges Kapitel The Boundaries of Heritage: The Paradoxes of Ouro Preto

Nächstes Kapitel Experiencing Authenticity Through Cultural Borders and Experimental Ethnography

Botz-Bornstein, T. Transcultural Architecture: The Limits and Opportunities of Critical Regionalism, London: Ashgate 1–10. (2015).

Al-Ragam, A. Towards a critique of architectural Nahdha: A Kuwaiti example, Unpublished Thesis: University of Pennsylvania. (2013).

Al Nakib, F. Kuwait Transformed: A History of Oil and Urban Life, Stanford University Press: Stanford, 105. (2016).

Levinson, M. H. (2011) Mapping the Persian Gulf Naming Dispute’, ETC: A Review of General Semantics, (68:3), pp. 279–287; Author’s note: In no way is the chapter title and use of ‘Persian Gulf’ intended to be a provocative statement about Gulf politics, as its focus is an assessment of architecture—which of course is not mutually exclusive to politics—though it does not make a stance on the complexities of Arab-Iranian relations. As a matter of simplicity, it might be better to refer to it as ‘the Gulf’, but this goads Iran, who have censored copies of Western magazines such as the Economist, in the past for dropping the ‘Persian’ from the epithet; a similar and severe case emerged in 2008 when the Iranian government took exception to Google Maps’ labelling of the Gulf as both the Arabian and the Persian Gulf. The stance of the US, UN and European nations is generally to refer to it as the Persian Gulf because Iran is the largest country adjacent to this water body with the longest coast.

Potter, L. G. ‘Society in the Persian Gulf: Before and After Oil’, Center for International and Regional Studies. 1(18), 4. (2017).

Avermaete, T., Ockman, J. and Available, N. Another modern: The post-war architecture and urbanism of Candilis-Josic-Woods. Rotterdam: Nai Uitgevers Pub, 66. (2005).

Chaouni, A., Depoliticizing Group GAMMA: Contesting Modernism in Morocco. In: Third World Modernism (London: Routledge), 59–69. (2011).

Avermaete, T. Ockman, J. and Available, N. Another modern: The post-war architecture and urbanism of Candilis-Josic-Woods. Rotterdam: Nai Uitgevers Pub, 111–139. (2005).

Archival material from Shadrach Woods’ Columbia University archive underpins this section's knowledge. I am grateful to Chris Barker of Columbia University, who photographed and sent me the drawings of this scheme.

Chaouni, A. Depoliticizing Group GAMMA: Contesting Modernism in Morocco, Third World Modernism (London: Routledge), 59–69. (2011).

Krunic, D., The ‘Groundscraper’: Candilis-Josic-Woods and the Free University Building in Berlin, 1963–1973, ARRIS: The Journal of the Southeast Chapter of the Society of Architectural Historians, 23(1), 30–49. (2012).

Tosland, B. Planning Southern Iraq: Placing the Progressive Theories of Max Lock in Umm Qasr, Margil, and Basra in the Context of Iraqi National Development, 1954–1956. Planning Perspectives, 1–23. (2018).

Ibid.

This evidence is found in plans produced 1940–1956 for various countries. The Ubullah neighborhood drawings are unique and offer insights into Locke’s thinking for desired urban scale and enclosures.

Gardiner, S. Kuwait: The Making of a City, Harlow: Longman, 13–59. (1983).

Lock, Ubullah Neighbourhood Plan, 22. (1956), (Max Lock Archive: University of Westminster).

Gardiner, Kuwait, p. 23.

Ibid.

Letter: Alfred Roth to the Kuwaiti Ministry of Education, (26.06.1975) (gta Archiv: ETH Zurich, box 131-0162). This explains configuration of schools in relation to climatic elements; however, it fails to mention sociological factors and compares them to Chinese courtyard houses thousands of miles away.

Roth, A., Alfred Roth: Architect of Continuity. (Zurich: Waser). 260. (1985).

Drawings of the country house (gta Archiv: ETH Zurich, box 131-0165).

Ibid.

Drawings of the school schemes, specifically Rumaithiya girls school (gta Archive: ETH Zurich, box 131-0162).

Ibid.

Middleton, D. A. Growth and Expansion in Post-War Urban Design Strategies: C. A. Doxiadis and the First Strategic Plan for Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (1968–1972), (Unpublished Thesis: Georgia Institute of Technology), 5. (2009).

Documentation evidence is found at the Benaki Museum in Athens in the Doxiadis collection (Doxiadis Archive Saudi Arabia Reports, 23305); also see Doxiadis Associates Sadr City plan for Baghdad, 1958.

Sketches for research of the Najd, October 1969. (Doxiadis Archive, Saudi Arabia Reports, 23312).

Utzon, J., Jørn Utzon: Logbook, IV. Kuwait National Assembly, Copenhagen: Edition Blondal, 1–56. (2008).

Ibid.

Known for large-scale buildings, such as the Yale Art and Architecture Building in 1965 and the Lippo Centre in Hong Kong in 1988.

Letter, (09.10.1972) Rudolph to Utzon, (Aalborg City Archives).

Utzon, J., Jørn Utzon: Logbook, IV. Kuwait National Assembly, Copenhagen: Edition Blondal, 1–56. (2008).

Utzon, J. Jørn Utzon: Logbook, II. Bagsvaerd Church, Copenhagen: Edition Blondal, 10–26. (2005).

Utzon, J. Kuwait National Assembly Complex, Unpublished bid: Aalborg City Archives, 1. (1973).

Hinchcliffe, T. ‘British Architects in the Gulf, 1950–1980’, in Fraser, M & Golzari, N (eds) Architecture and Globalisation in the Persian Gulf Region. (London: Ashgate). pp. 23–36. 2013

Utzon, J., Jørn Utzon: Logbook, IV. Kuwait National Assembly, Copenhagen: Edition Blondal, 1–56. (2008).

Al-Ragam, A. Critical nostalgia: Kuwait urban modernity and Alison and Peter Smithson’s Kuwait Urban Study and Mat-Building, The Journal of Architecture, (20:1), 1–20.

Utzon, J. Kuwait National Assembly Complex, Unpublished bid: Aalborg City Archives, p. 1. (1973).

Al Nakib, F. (2016) Kuwait Transformed: A History of Oil and Urban Life. Stanford University Press: Stanford, 23–24. (2015).

Bonnenfant, P. ‘Real estate and political power in 1970s Riyadh’, City. 18(6), 708–722. (2014).

Development of the Riyadh University, (1974–5), (National Archives, Kew, T317/2144).

Background to the plan, (National Archives, Kew, T317/2144).

Unknown.: ARAMCO World Magazine, ‘A Campus for KSU’. (1986).

Henning Larsen, Danish Embassy of Riyadh https://henninglarsen.com/en/projects/0000-0399/0160-den-danske-ambassade-i-riyadh/ Accessed: 05.06.2018.

Said, E. Orientalism. (New York: Pantheon), p. 31. (1978)

Al Nakib F (2016) Kuwait transformed: a history of oil and urban life. Stanford University Press, Stanford, p 105CrossRef

Al-Ragam A (2015) Critical nostalgia: Kuwait urban modernity and Alison and Peter Smithson’s Kuwait urban study and mat-building. J Archit 20(1):1–20CrossRef

Al-Ragam A (2013) Towards a critique of architectural Nahdha: a Kuwaiti example. Unpublished Thesis: University of Pennsylvania

Avermaete T, Ockman T (2005) Another modern: the post-war architecture and urbanism of Candilis-Josic-Woods. Nai Uitgevers Pub, Rotterdam

Bonnenfant P (2014) Real estate and political power in 1970s Riyadh. City 18(6):708–722CrossRef

Botz-Bornstein T (2015) Transcultural architecture: the limits and opportunities of critical regionalism. Ashgate, London, pp 1–10

Chaouni A (2011) Depoliticizing group GAMMA: contesting modernism in Morocco. Third world modernism. Routledge, London, pp 59–69

Gardiner S (1983) Kuwait: the making of a city. Longman, Harlow

Hinchcliffe T (2013) British architects in the Gulf, 1950–1980. In: Fraser M, Golzari N (eds) Architecture and globalisation in the Persian Gulf region. Ashgate, London

Krunic D (2012) The ‘Groundscraper’: Candilis-Josic-Woods and the Free University building in Berlin, 1963–73. ARRIS: J Southeast Chapter Soc Archit Historians 23(1):30–49

Middleton DA (2009) Growth and expansion in post-war urban design strategies. In: C. A. Doxiadis and the First Strategic Plan for Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (1968–1972). Unpublished Thesis: Georgia Institute of Technology

Potter LG (2017) Society in the Persian Gulf: before and after oil. Center Int Regional Stud 1(18):4

Roth A (1985) Alfred Roth: architect of continuity. Waser, Zurich

Said E (1978) Orientalism. Pantheon, New York

Tosland B (2019) Planning southern Iraq: placing the progressive theories of Max Lock in Umm Qasr, Margil, and Basra in the context of Iraqi national development, 1954–1956. Plan Perspect 36(6):1023–1044CrossRef

Unknown. (1986) ARAMCO world magazine. A Campus for KSU

Utzon J (2005) Jørn Utzon: logbook, II. Bagsvaerd Church. Edition Blondal, Copenhagen

Utzon J (2008) Jørn Utzon: logbook, IV. Kuwait National Assembly. Edition Blondal, Copenhagen

Titel: Regional Architecture in the Persian Gulf: Conflicting Architectural Narratives of Global–Local Border Convergence
verfasst von: Ben Tosland
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Border Urbanism
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-06603-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-06604-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06604-7_5

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