nach oben

Tribology Letters

Erschienen in:

01.09.2015 | Original Paper

Relationship Between the Nanoscale Topographical and Mechanical Properties of Tribochemical Films on DLC Coatings and Their Macroscopic Friction Behavior

verfasst von: Eva Oblak, Mitjan Kalin

Erschienen in: Tribology Letters | Ausgabe 3/2015

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The properties of tribochemical films play an important, or even the key, role with respect to friction in boundary lubrication. While their chemical behavior has already been widely studied, their mechanical properties are much less well understood. However, their nanoscale mechanical properties and behavior may reveal important information about a correlation with the macroscopic friction behavior. In this investigation, we looked at steel, a-C:H and Si-DLC in contact with steel lubricated using two commercial oils containing different amount of SAPS additives (E6 and E7 grade) and a mineral base oil containing the ZDDP additive. The tribofilms were characterized using an atomic force microscope with seven different parameters, i.e., the topography (features morphology), tribofilm surface coverage, nano-roughness, adhesion, film thickness, lateral force, i.e., nanoscale friction, and the film stiffness through force modulation. The results confirmed the formation of tribofilms on all the selected coatings and showed that the film formation and its nanoscale properties are dependent on the coating and the additive. Two distinctive groups of parameters were identified: one closely related to the surface energy of the materials and the other clearly distinguishing the DLC coatings from the steel. The adhesion and tribofilm thickness were found to correlate directly with the macroscopic friction, while the other parameters have higher-order dependences.

Vorheriger Artikel Friction and Wear Characteristics of Hot-Pressed NiCr–Mo/MoO3/Ag Self-Lubrication Composites at Elevated Temperatures up to 900 °C

Nächster Artikel Transfer Film Tenacity: A Case Study Using Ultra-Low-Wear Alumina–PTFE

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Kalin, M., Velkavrh, I., Vižintin, J., Ožbolt, L.: Review of boundary lubrication mechanisms of DLC coatings used in mechanical applications. Meccanica 43(6), 623–637 (2008). doi:10.1007/s11012-008-9149-z CrossRef

Kalin, M., Roman, E., Ožbolt, L., Vižintin, J.: Metal-doped (Ti, WC) diamond-like-carbon coatings: reactions with extreme-pressure oil additives under tribological and static conditions. Thin Solid Films 518(15), 4336–4344 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2010.02.066 CrossRef

Vengudusamy, B., Mufti, R.A., Lamb, G.D., Green, J.H., Spikes, H.A.: Friction properties of DLC/DLC contacts in base oil. Tribol. Int. 44(7–8), 922–932 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2011.03.006 CrossRef

Mabuchi, Y., Higuchi, T., Inagaki, Y., Kousaka, H., Umehara, N.: Wear analysis of hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon coatings under a lubricated condition. Wear 298–299, 48–56 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.wear.2012.11.046 CrossRef

Yang, L., Neville, A., Brown, A., Ransom, P., Morina, A.: Friction reduction mechanisms in boundary lubricated W-doped DLC coatings. Tribol. Int. 70, 26–33 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2013.09.020 CrossRef

Shum, P.W., Zhou, Z.F., Li, K.Y.: Investigation of the tribological properties of the different textured DLC coatings under reciprocating lubricated conditions. Tribol. Int. 65, 259–264 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2013.01.012 CrossRef

Topolovec-Miklozic, K., Lockwood, F., Spikes, H.: Behaviour of boundary lubricating additives on DLC coatings. Wear 265(11–12), 1893–1901 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.wear.2008.04.051 CrossRef

Kalin, M., Vižintin, J., Barriga, J., Vercammen, K., Acker, K., Arnšek, A.: The effect of doping elements and oil additives on the tribological performance of boundary-lubricated DLC/DLC contacts. Tribol. Lett. 17(4), 679–688 (2004)CrossRef

Abdullah Tasdemir, H., Tokoroyama, T., Kousaka, H., Umehara, N., Mabuchi, Y.: Influence of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate tribofilm formation on the tribological performance of self-mated diamond-like carbon contacts under boundary lubrication. Thin Solid Films 562, 389–397 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2014.05.004 CrossRef

10.

De Barros Bouchet, M.I., Martin, J.M.: New trends in boundary lubrication of DLC coatings. In: Donnet, C., Erdemir, A. (eds.) Tribology of Diamond-Like Carbon Films, pp. 591–619. Springer, US (2008)CrossRef

11.

Forsberg, P., Gustavsson, F., Renman, V., Hieke, A., Jacobson, S.: Performance of DLC coatings in heated commercial engine oils. Wear 304(1), 211–222 (2013)CrossRef

12.

Biswas, S.K.: Some mechanisms of tribofilm formation in metal/metal and ceramic/metal sliding interactions. Wear 245(1–2), 178–189 (2000). doi:10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00477-4 CrossRef

13.

Kosarieh, S., Morina, A., Lainé, E., Flemming, J., Neville, A.: Tribological performance and tribochemical processes in a DLC/steel system when lubricated in a fully formulated oil and base oil. Surf. Coat. Technol. 217, 1–12 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.11.065 CrossRef

14.

Vengudusamy, B., Green, J.H., Lamb, G.D., Spikes, H.A.: Behaviour of MoDTC in DLC/DLC and DLC/steel contacts. Tribol. Int. 54, 68–76 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2012.04.028 CrossRef

15.

Vengudusamy, B., Green, J.H., Lamb, G.D., Spikes, H.A.: Tribological properties of tribofilms formed from ZDDP in DLC/DLC and DLC/steel contacts. Tribol. Int. 44(2), 165–174 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2010.10.023 CrossRef

16.

Kalin, M., Vizintin, J.: A comparison of the tribological behaviour of steel/steel, steel/DLC and DLC/DLC contacts when lubricated with mineral and biodegradable oils. Wear 261(1), 22–31 (2006)CrossRef

17.

de Barros’Bouchet, M.I., Martin, J.M., Le-Mogne, T., Vacher, B.: Boundary lubrication mechanisms of carbon coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP additives. Tribol. Int. 38(3), 257–264 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2004.08.009 CrossRef

18.

Equey, S., Roos, S., Mueller, U., Hauert, R., Spencer, N.D., Crockett, R.: Tribofilm formation from ZnDTP on diamond-like carbon. Wear 264(3–4), 316–321 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.wear.2007.03.012 CrossRef

19.

Vengudusamy, B., Grafl, A., Preinfalk, K.: Tribological properties of hydrogenated amorphous carbon under dry and lubricated conditions. Diam. Relat. Mater. 41, 53–64 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2013.11.009 CrossRef

20.

Haque, T., Morina, A., Neville, A., Kapadia, R., Arrowsmith, S.: Study of the ZDDP Antiwear Tribofilm Formed on the DLC Coating Using AFM and XPS Techniques. Journal of ASTM International (JAI) 4(7), 11 (2007)

21.

Topolovec-Miklozic, K., Forbus, T.R., Spikes, H.A.: Film thickness and roughness of ZDDP antiwear films. Tribol. Lett. 26(2), 161–171 (2007)CrossRef

22.

Equey, S., Roos, S., Mueller, U., Hauert, R., Spencer, N.D., Crockett, R.: Reactions of zinc-free anti-wear additives in DLC/DLC and steel/steel contacts. Tribol. Int. 41(11), 1090–1096 (2008)CrossRef

23.

Ahn, H.S., Chizhik, S.A., Dubravin, A.M., Kazachenko, V.P., Popov, V.V.: Application of phase contrast imaging atomic force microscopy to tribofilms on DLC coatings. Wear 249(7), 617–625 (2001). doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(01)00694-9 CrossRef

24.

Xu, J., Kawaguchi, M., Kato, T.: Evolution of transfer layers on steel balls sliding against hydrogenated amorphous carbon coatings in ambient air. Tribol. Int. 70, 42–51 (2014)CrossRef

25.

Kubo, T., Fujiwara, S., Nanao, H., Minami, I., Mori, S.: Boundary film formation from overbased calcium sulfonate additives during running-in process of steel–DLC contact. Wear 265(3), 461–467 (2008)CrossRef

26.

Haque, T., Morina, A., Neville, A., Kapadia, R., Arrowsmith, S.: Non-ferrous coating/lubricant interactions in tribological contacts: assessment of tribofilms. Tribol. Int. 40(10–12), 1603–1612 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2007.01.023 CrossRef

27.

Morina, A., Neville, A.: Understanding the composition and low friction tribofilm formation/removal in boundary lubrication. Tribol. Int. 40(10), 1696–1704 (2007)CrossRef

28.

Gangopadhyay, A., Sinha, K., Uy, D., McWatt, D.G., Zdrodowski, R.J., Simko, S.J.: Friction, wear, and surface film formation characteristics of diamond-like carbon thin coating in valvetrain application. Tribol. Trans. 54(1), 104–114 (2010)CrossRef

29.

Lamberton, R.W., Zhao, J.F., Magill, D., McLaughlin, J.A., Maguire, P.D.: A study of ultra-thin film ion beam deposited (IBD) hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Diam. Relat. Mater. 7(7), 1054–1058 (1998). doi:10.1016/S0925-9635(98)00153-8 CrossRef

30.

Kalin, M., Vizintin, J.: Differences in the tribological mechanisms when using non-doped, metal-doped (Ti, WC), and non-metal-doped (Si) diamond-like carbon against steel under boundary lubrication, with and without oil additives. Thin Solid Films 515(4), 2734–2747 (2006)CrossRef

31.

Kalin, M., Polajnar, M.: The correlation between the surface energy, the contact angle and the spreading parameter, and their relevance for the wetting behaviour of DLC with lubricating oils. Tribol. Int. 66, 225–233 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2013.05.007 CrossRef

32.

Rudnick, L.R.: Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-based Lubricants: Chemistry and Technology. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013)CrossRef

33.

Fuller, M.L.S., Kasrai, M., Bancroft, G.M., Fyfe, K., Tan, K.H.: Solution decomposition of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and its effect on antiwear and thermal film formation studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Tribol. Int. 31(10), 627–644 (1998). doi:10.1016/S0301-679X(98)00084-X CrossRef

34.

Martin, J.M., Onodera, T., Minfray, C., Dassenoy, F., Miyamoto, A.: The origin of anti-wear chemistry of ZDDP. Faraday Discuss. 156, 311–323 (2012)CrossRef

35.

Spikes, H.: The history and mechanisms of ZDDP. Tribol. Lett. 17(3), 469–489 (2004). doi:10.1023/B:TRIL.0000044495.26882.b5 CrossRef

36.

Zhang, Z., Yamaguchi, E.S., Kasrai, M., Bancroft, G.M.: Tribofilms generated from ZDDP and DDP on steel surfaces: part 1, growth, wear and morphology. Tribol. Lett. 19(3), 211–220 (2005). doi:10.1007/s11249-005-6148-2 CrossRef

37.

Horcas, I., Fernández, R., Gómez-Rodríguez, J.M., Colchero, J., Gómez-Herrero, J., Baro, A.M.: WSXM: a software for scanning probe microscopy and a tool for nanotechnology. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78(1), 013705 (2007). doi:10.1063/1.2432410 CrossRef

38.

Maivald, P., Butt, H.J., Gould, S.A.C., Prater, C.B., Drake, B., Gurley, J.A., Elings, V.B., Hansma, P.K.: Using force modulation to image surface elasticities with the atomic force microscope. Nanotechnology 2(2), 103 (1991)CrossRef

39.

Li, F.-B., Thompson, G.E., Newman, R.C.: Force modulation atomic force microscopy: background, development and application to electrodeposited cerium oxide films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 126(1–2), 21–33 (1998). doi:10.1016/S0169-4332(97)00590-4 CrossRef

40.

Martin, P.M.: Handbook of deposition technologies for films and coatings: science, applications and technology. William Andrew, Norwich (2009)

41.

4287:1997, I.: ISO 4287:1997. In: Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)—Surface Texture: Profile Method—Terms, Definitions and Surface Texture Parameters, p. 25 (1997)

42.

Aktary, M., McDermott, M.T., McAlpine, G.A.: Morphology and nanomechanical properties of ZDDP antiwear films as a function of tribological contact time. Tribol. Lett. 12(3), 155–162 (2002)CrossRef

43.

Mourhatch, R., Aswath, P.B.: Tribological behavior and nature of tribofilms generated from fluorinated ZDDP in comparison to ZDDP under extreme pressure conditions—part II: morphology and nanoscale properties of tribofilms. Tribol. Int. 44(3), 201–210 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2010.10.035 CrossRef

44.

Boyde, S.: Green lubricants. Environmental benefits and impacts of lubrication. Green Chem. 4(4), 293–307 (2002)CrossRef

45.

Bec, S., Tonck, A., Georges, J.-M., Coy, R.C., Bell, J.C., Roper, G.W.: Relationship between mechanical properties and structures of zinc dithiophosphate anti-wear films. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 455(1992), 4181–4203 (1999)

46.

Kalin, M., Velkavrh, I.: Non-conventional inverse-Stribeck-curve behaviour and other characteristics of DLC coatings in all lubrication regimes. Wear 297(1–2), 911–918 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.wear.2012.11.010 CrossRef

47.

Qu, J., Meyer Iii, H.M., Cai, Z.-B., Ma, C., Luo, H.: Characterization of ZDDP and ionic liquid tribofilms on non-metallic coatings providing insights of tribofilm formation mechanisms. Wear 332–333, 1273–1285 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.076 CrossRef

48.

Miyake, S., Saito, T., Yasuda, Y., Okamoto, Y., Kano, M.: Improvement of boundary lubrication properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films due to metal addition. Tribol. Int. 37(9), 751–761 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2004.01.014 CrossRef

49.

Ban, M., Ryoji, M., Fujii, S., Fujioka, J.: Tribological characteristics of Si-containing diamond-like carbon films under oil-lubrication. Wear 253(3–4), 331–338 (2002). doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(02)00156-4 CrossRef

50.

Kalin, M., Vižintin, J., Vercammen, K., Barriga, J., Arnšek, A.: The lubrication of DLC coatings with mineral and biodegradable oils having different polar and saturation characteristics. Surf. Coat. Technol. 200(14–15), 4515–4522 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.03.016 CrossRef

51.

Ouyang, J.H., Sasaki, S.: Friction and wear characteristics of a Ti-containing diamond-like carbon coating with an SRV tester at high contact load and elevated temperature. Surf. Coat. Technol. 195(2–3), 234–244 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.06.041 CrossRef

52.

Velkavrh, I., Kalin, M., Vizintin, J.: The performance and mechanisms of DLC-coated surfaces in contact with steel in boundary-lubrication conditions: a review. Strojniški vestn. 54(3), 189–206 (2008)

53.

Ye, J., Kano, M., Yasuda, Y.: Evaluation of local mechanical properties in depth in MoDTC/ZDDP and ZDDP tribochemical reacted films using nanoindentation. Tribol. Lett. 13(1), 41–47 (2002). doi:10.1023/a:1016559807453 CrossRef

Titel: Relationship Between the Nanoscale Topographical and Mechanical Properties of Tribochemical Films on DLC Coatings and Their Macroscopic Friction Behavior
verfasst von: Eva Oblak
Mitjan Kalin
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2015
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Tribology Letters / Ausgabe 3/2015
Print ISSN: 1023-8883
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2711
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-015-0575-5

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2015

Direct Observation of Layer-by-Layer Wear

Transfer Film Tenacity: A Case Study Using Ultra-Low-Wear Alumina–PTFE

Monolayer Transfer Layers During Sliding at the Atomic Scale

Friction and Deformation Behaviors of ~60-μm Stainless Steel Micro-balls for Application in Small Precision Devices

Control of Friction Distribution on Stainless Steel Surface in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Aqueous Solution by Bipolar Electrochemistry

Lubricant Rupture Ratio at Elastohydrodynamically Lubricated Contact Outlet

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten