Research on Local Optimization Algorithm of 5-Axis CNC Machining Tool Axis Vector Based on Kinematic Constraints

In this study, a local optimization method of the five-axis CNC machining tool axis vector based on kinematic constraints is proposed, which realizes the smoothing of the trajectory of the driving rotation axis in the machine tool coordinate system, so as to realize the smooth machining of the machine tool and reduce the occurrence of vibration. Firstly, this study proposes an optimization interval selection method based on kinematic parameters, that is, the tool path that does not meet the characteristics of the speed, acceleration or jerk of the rotating axis is defined as the tool path that needs to be optimized, and an algorithm based on bidirectional scanning is proposed to determine the start and end positions of each optimization interval. Secondly, the tool axis vector optimization method based on ruled surface is used to optimize the tool axis vector, and a ruled surface space is established at each tool position point, and the tool axis optimization is limited within a certain range, to minimize the dynamic characteristics of the rotary axis as the optimization goal to realize the optimization of the tool axis. Finally, the proposed method is verified by experiments, and the smoothing of the rotating drive shaft of the machine tool is realized.