Robust and Secure Routing Protocols for MANET-Based Internet of Things Systems—A Survey

In recent decades, the Internet of things (IoT) has had a huge impact on various domains, such as logistics, health care, robotics, and manufacturing, coping with an enormous amount of data transferred by different resource-constrained IoT network devices. For diverse applications, IoT can be seen as a network of devices comprising hardware, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity allowing the networked system to link, communicate, and share information. In IoT configurations, billions of devices can be connected to the Internet to transfer data quickly, efficiently, and securely. Though there are great advancements in IoT technologies, certain limitations are still to be considered. Firstly, IoT devices have limited resources like memory, computing power, and energy (Khanpara and Lavingia in Multimedia big data computing for IoT applications. Springer, Singapore, pp. 37–57, 2020). Besides, IoT devices may link the behavior of a person to their identity which challenges the privacy of a person. Many researchers have made numerous successful attempts to integrate reliable protocols with IoT devices that can function efficiently in a resource-constrained environment and robustly against data transmission security and privacy issues. IoT integrates with the wireless sensor network (WSN) and the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in smart environments and is becoming much more desirable and economically efficient. The MANET is not only ideal for disaster situations but can also be used for robotic communication. Interaction with the IoT systems between WSNs and MANETs enables the development of new MANET-based IoT systems which give the consumer more mobility and lower costs. At the same time, the networking aspects open up new challenging issues. Hence, this chapter discusses various existing secure MANET protocols that provide secure data transmission and can also be used in the IoT environment to provide robustness in the presence of a variety of threats and vulnerabilities. This chapter also presents some major challenges in the emerging domain of MANET-based IoT systems for robotics.