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Erschienen in:
Introduction: Punishment, Welfare and Prison History in Scandinavia Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Scandinavian Acceptionalism? Developments in Community Sanctions in Norway

verfasst von : Gerhard Ploeg

Erschienen in: Scandinavian Penal History, Culture and Prison Practice

Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan UK

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Abstract

The contradiction in the work of correctional services between executing a punishment imposed by `a reaction to a crime, and implementing the rehabilitative element that dominates its contents is a well-known and much discussed subject. It is perhaps even more prominent in a community setting than in prison, and a perceived balance—or imbalance—between the two elements in that situation may strongly influence the level of its acceptance in society. In this chapter, I will present a short introduction to the basic principles in Norwegian corrections and show how these permeate the development of community corrections by describing their various forms, both as a court sentence and as a way to serve a prison sentence in the community. I will then discuss the level of acceptance for the current balance on the control/rehabilitation dimension.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Released to the “Battlefield” of the Danish Welfare State: A Battle Between Support and Personal Responsibility
Nächstes Kapitel Normalisation in Nordic Prisons—From a Prison Governor’s Perspective
Fußnoten
1
Early examples are John Pratt’s two articles on Scandinavian exceptionalism in an era of penal excess from 2008a, b. An attempt at explaining the origins of the system was made by Pratt and Eriksson in 2011. More recently, the argument is made in John Pratt and Anna Eriksson (2013), while the concept has been critically commented in Ugelvik and Dullum (2012).
 
2
E.g. in The Guardian, 25 February 2013.
 
3
E.g. in The Guardian, 18 May 2012.
 
4
E.g. Aftenposten, 26 June 2015.
 
5
Translation by author.
 
6
Since September 2015, Norway rents the 242 cells of Norgerhaven prison in The Netherlands in order to relieve the pressure on the prison system and reduce the waiting list for sentenced offenders.
 
7
In its comment on the 2016 budget for the correctional services, the Parliaments Standing Committee on Justice stated that an occupancy rate of 90 % should be the target, because ‘overcrowded prisons create a bad climate for education, rehabilitation and the building of relationships’ (author’s translation).
 
8
Kriminalomsorgens årsrapport (Correctional Services Annual Report), 2013.
 
9
Statistics Norway, 21 September 2015.
 
10
European Convention on Human Rights, art. 6.
 
11
It is important to distinguish between ‘normality’ as a condition opposed to ‘normalisation’ as a process, meaning ‘to make normal, especially to cause to conform to a standard or norm’—Free Dictionary.
 
12
See, for example, the work of Beth Weaver of the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow: https://​pure.​strath.​ac.​uk/​portal/​files/​23068440/​Weaver_​final_​.​doc; a stunning documentation of the processes involved in desisting from crime can be found in the 38 different life-stories and articles in the special issue of EuroVista that she edited in 2013.
 
13
See, for example, Ministry of Justice and the Police (2008).
 
14
For those who read Norwegian, the series of reports by Erlend Sand Bruer (2014) are worth paying attention to. They are available from the probation office in Oslo, for contact see www.​kriminalomsorgen​.​no.
 
15
An English version is available at www.​kriminalomsorgen​.​no—Om kriminalomsorgen—Lover og regler.
 
16
For those who read Norwegian, see also Christie’s article on the apparent demise of the Mediation Service in its original form, becoming ‘yet another powerful organ of control’. Available at: http://​www.​jus.​uio.​no/​ikrs/​tjenester/​kunnskap/​kriminalpolitikk​/​meninger/​2014/​farvel-til-konfliktradene.​html
 
17
Most notably Andrews and Bonta (1994)
 
18
For an impression of the diversity in this approach, see http://​blogs.​iriss.​org.​uk/​discoveringdesis​tance/​
 
19
Retningslinjer til loven om gjennomføring av straff, Kap. 5, (5.1) Innholdet i samfunnsstraffen.
 
20
According to an internal analysis of data from the Correctional Services Registration system KOMPIS.
 
21
Data based on reports from Statistics Norway.
 
22
Data from the Correctional Services Registration system KOMPIS.
 
23
Data from the Correctional Services Registration system KOMPIS.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Scandinavian Acceptionalism? Developments in Community Sanctions in Norway
verfasst von
Gerhard Ploeg
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Buch
Scandinavian Penal History, Culture and Prison Practice

Print ISBN: 978-1-137-58528-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-137-58529-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58529-5_13

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