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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Scanning and Sensemaking

verfasst von : Charles Galunic

Erschienen in: Backstage Leadership

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Leading disruptive companies of our times develop forward-looking processes and “future-proofing” routines instead of relying on organizational dogma. Such scanning is important, but sensemaking is too, which is essentially scanning with mindfulness as executives work to conceptualize through awareness and interpretation of the world around them. It requires being attentive to the deviations from commonly accepted interpretations, habits of mind, and routines. To do this, executives can take several steps including creating a search map, developing horizon thinking, and tapping “outsiders” in the scanning process.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Leading, Front and Back

Nächstes Kapitel Building and Locking in Commitment to Strategy

Rumelt, R. P. (2011). Good Strategy Bad Strategy. New York, Random House.

Ibid. (Chapter 5: TITLE AND PAGE #s).

Rumelt, Richard. (2011). “The Perils of Bad Strategy.” McKinsey Quarterly 1(3): 1–10, June. Retrieved August 19, 2019. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/the-perils-of-bad-strategy.

Kruse, Kevin. (2018). “Netflix Culture Deck Co-Creator Says Leaders Need to Explain Context.” Forbes, February 19. Retrieved August 21, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinkruse/2018/02/19/Netflix-culture-deck-co-creator-says-leaders-need-to-explain-context/#bb3528b590c2.

Nocera, J. (2015). “Can Netflix Survive in the New World It Created?” The New York Times Magazine. New York Times (New York), June 15. Retrieved December 10, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/19/magazine/can-netflix-survive-in-the-new-world-it-created.html.

Baer, D. (2014). “The Making of Tesla: Invention, Betrayal, and the Birth of the Roadster.” Business Insider, November 11. Retrieved December 10, 2019. https://www.businessinsider.fr/us/tesla-the-origin-story-2014-10; Dans, Enrique. (2018). “Tesla, The Model 3…And the Market.” Forbes, August 4. Retrieved December 10, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/enriquedans/2018/08/04/Tesla-the-model-3-and-the-market/#1cc6906577ed.

CNBC. (2019). “Meet the 2019 Disruptor 50 Companies.” May 15. Retrieved August 19, 2019. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/15/meet-the-2019-cnbc-disruptor-50-companies.html.

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Teece, David, Gary Pisano and Amy Shuen. (1997). “Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management.” Strategic Management Journal 18(7): 509–533.

Teece, D. J. (2007). “Explicating Dynamic Capabilities: The Nature and Microfoundations of (Sustainable) Enterprise Performance.” Strategic Management Journal 28(13): 1319–1350; Teece, D. J. (2012). “Dynamic Capabilities: Routines Versus Entrepreneurial Action.” Journal of Management Studies 49(8): 1395–1401.

See Galunic, D. C. and S. Rodan. (1998). “Resource Recombinations in the Firm: Knowledge Structures and the Potential for Schumpeterian Innovation.” Strategic Management Journal 19(12): 1193–1201; Galunic, D. C. and K. M. Eisenhardt. (2001). “Architectural Innovation and Modular Corporate Forms.” Academy of Management Journal 44(6): 1229–1249.

Goldenberg, Jacob. and Rom Y. Schrift. (2018). “Go Forth and Multiply: Unlocking Successful Innovation.” Columbia CaseWorks Case: 190501.

Eisenhardt, K. M. and J. A. Martin. (2000). “Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They?” Strategic Management Journal 21: 1105–1121; Teece, D., M. Peteraf and S. Leih. (2016). “Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Agility: Risk, Uncertainty, and Strategy in the Innovation Economy.” California Management Review 58(4): 13–35.

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Vuori, T. O. and Q. N. Huy. (2015). “Distributed Attention and Shared Emotions in the Innovation Process: How Nokia Lost the Smartphone Battle.” Administrative Science Quarterly 61(1): 9–51.

Eggers, J. P. and S. Kaplan. (2009). “Cognition and Renewal: Comparing CEO and Organizational Effects on Incumbent Adaptation to Technical Change.” Organization Science 20(2): 461–477.

[An excellent research paper on this story] Tripsas, M. and G. Gavetti. (2000). “Capabilities, Cognition, and Inertia: Evidence from Digital Imaging.” Strategic Management Journal 21(10/11): 1147.

Ibid., p. 1151.

Ibid., p. 1154.

Eggers, J. P. and S. Kaplan. (2009). “Cognition and Renewal: Comparing CEO and Organizational Effects on Incumbent Adaptation to Technical Change.” Organization Science 20(2): 461–477.

Cattani, Gino. (2008). “Leveraging In-House R&D Competencies for a New Market: How Corning Pioneered Fibre Optics.” International Journal Technology Management 44(1/2): 28–52; [on Fiberoptic cable] Crawford, Susan. (2019). “How Corning Makes Super-Pure Glass for Fiber-Optic Cable.” Wired, January 8. Retrieved August 21, 2019. https://www.wired.com/story/corning-pure-glass-fiber-optic-cable/.

Weick, K. E. and K. M. Sutcliffe. (2006). “Mindfullness and the Quality of Organizational Attention.” Organization Science 17(4): 514–524.

Ulaga, Wolfgang, Joerg Niessing, and Nancy Brandwein. (2019). “WeWork—Service Excellence Through Business Model Innovation: Creating Outstanding Customer Experiences by Leveraging Data, Analytics and Digital Technologies.” INSEAD Case: #TK.

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/dec/20/why-wework-went-wrong (The Guardian Online, Mathew Zeitlin, December 20 2019).

Weick, K. E. and K. M. Sutcliffe. (2006). “Mindfullness and the Quality of Organizational Attention.” Organization Science 17(4): 514–524 (p. 515).

Weick, K. E., K. M. Sutcliffe and D. Obstfeld. (1999). “Organizing for High Reliability: Processes of Collective Mindfulness.” In R. I. Sutton and B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 21 (pp. 81–123). Elsevier Science/JAI Press.

Vaughan, D. (1996). The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA. Chicago, University of Chicago Press; Vaughan, D. (1997). “The Trickle-Down Effect: Policy Decisions, Risky Work, and the Challenger Tragedy.” California Management Review 39(2): 80–102.

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Lewis, M. (2011). The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. New York, W.W. Norton (p. 46).

Ibid., p. 22.

Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, Sage.

Gerstner, L. V. (2002). Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance? New York, HarperCollins.

Lakhani, K. R. and M. L. Tushman. (2014). “Havas: Change Faster.” Harvard Business School Case Study.

Vuori, T. O. and Q. N. Huy. (2015). “Distributed Attention and Shared Emotions in the Innovation Process: How Nokia Lost the Smartphone Battle.” Administrative Science Quarterly 61(1): 9–51; Doz, Y. L. and K. Wilson. (2018). Ringtone: Exploring the Rise and Fall of Nokia in Mobile Phones. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press.

Huy, Quy. (2015). “Who Killed Nokia? Nokia Did.” INSEAD Knowledge, September 22. Retrieved December 10, 2019. https://knowledge.insead.edu/strategy/who-killed-Nokia-Nokia-did-4268.

Safian, R. (2017). “How PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi Is Steering the Company Toward a Purpose-Driven Future.” Fast Company. Fast Company Innovation Festival, January 9. Retrieved December 10, 2019. https://www.fastcompany.com/3066378/how-pepsico-ceo-indra-nooyi-is-steering-the-company-tow.

Huey, John. (2012). “Transcript: IBM’s Ginni Rometty on Leadership.” Fortune, October 2. Retrieved August 17, 2019. https://fortune.com/2012/10/02/transcript-IBMs-ginni-rometty-on-leadership/.

Kuehner-Hebert, Katie. (2018). “How CEO Ginni Rometty Is Reshaping IBM.” Chief Executive, March 26. Retrieved September 22, 2019. https://chiefexecutive.net/ceo-ginni-rometty-reshaping-IBM/.

Govindarajan, V. and S. Srinivas. (2013). “Innovation Mindset in Action: 3M Corporation.” Harvard Business Review, August 6.

Weis, Dusty. (2018). “Giving Employees Permission to Fail is a Formula for Innovation at 3M.” Association of Equipment Manufacturers, June 21. Retrieved August 20, 2019. https://www.aem.org/news/giving-employees-permission-to-fail-is-a-formula-for-innovation-at-3M/.

D’Onfro, Jillian. (2015). “The Truth About Google’s Famous ‘20% Time’ Policy.” Business Insider (France), April 17. Retrieved December 10, 2019. http://www.businessinsider.fr/us/google-20-percent-time-policy-2015-4.

Hill, George. (2019). “The Myth of Google’s 20% Time.” Chief Innovation Officer (Innovation Enterprise Channels). Retrieved August 20, 2019. https://channels.theinnovationenterprise.com/articles/the-myth-of-google-s-20-time.

Nag, R. and D. A. Gioia. (2012). “From Common to Uncommon Knowledge: Foundations of Firm-Specific Use of Knowledge as a Resource.” Academy of Management Journal 55(2): 421–457.

Teece, D. J. (2012). “Dynamic Capabilities: Routines Versus Entrepreneurial Action.” Journal of Management Studies 49(8): 1395–1401.

Lewis, M. (2011). The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. New York, W.W. Norton (p. 90).

Kim, W. C. and R. A. Mauborgne. (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy. Boston, MA, HBS Press.

Kim, W. Chan and Renee A. Mauborgne. (2015). “3 Types of Noncustomers and How to Sell to Them.” Hubspot.com, March 11. Retrieved August 21, 2019. https://blog.hubspot.com/sales/types-of-noncustomers-and-how-to-sell-them.

Danneels, E. (2008). “Organizational Antecedents of Second-Order Competences.” Strategic Management Journal 29(5).

Dahlander, Linus and Henning Piezunka. (2014). “Open to Suggestions: How Organizations Elicit Suggestions Through Proactive and Reactive Attention.” Research Policy 43(5): 812–827.

Galunic, C. (2017). “Digital Journeys: 10 Checkpoints in Building a Digital-Ready Company.” INSEAD Case 11/2017-6349.

Baer, Drake. (2014). “The Making of Tesla: Invention, Betrayal, and the Birth of the Roadster.” Business Insider, November 11. Retrieved December 10, 2019. https://www.businessinsider.fr/us/tesla-the-origin-story-2014-10.

Brewis, Kathy. (2017). “Harnessing the Winds of Change: BlaBlaCar.” London Business School, July 17. Retrieved December 10, 2019. https://www.london.edu/lbsr/iie-harnessing-the-winds-of-change-BlaBlaCar.

Cattani, Gino. (2008). “Leveraging In-House R&D Competencies for a New Market: How Corning Pioneered Fibre Optics.” International Journal Technology Management 44(1/2): 28–52.

CNBC. (2019). “Meet the 2019 Disruptor 50 Companies.” May 15. Retrieved August 19, 2019. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/15/meet-the-2019-cnbc-disruptor-50-companies.html.

Crawford, Susan. (2019). “How Corning Makes Super-Pure Glass for Fiber-Optic Cable.” Wired, January 8. Retrieved August 21, 2019. https://www.wired.com/story/corning-pure-glass-fiber-optic-cable/.

Dahlander, Linus and Henning Piezunka. (2014). “Open to Suggestions: How Organizations Elicit Suggestions Through Proactive and Reactive Attention.” Research Policy 43(5): 812–827.

Danneels, Erwin. (2008). “Organizational Antecedents of Second-Order Competences.” Strategic Management Journal 29(5): 519–543.

Dans, Enrique. (2018). “Tesla, The Model 3…And the Market.” Forbes, August 4. Retrieved December 10, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/enriquedans/2018/08/04/Tesla-the-model-3-and-the-market/#1cc6906577ed.

Doz, Yves L. and Keeley Wilson. (2018). Ringtone: Exploring the Rise and Fall of Nokia in Mobile Phones. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press.

Eggers, J. P. and Sarah Kaplan. (2009). “Cognition and Renewal: Comparing CEO and Organizational Effects on Incumbent Adaptation to Technical Change.” Organization Science 20(2): 461–477.

Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. and Jeffrey A. Martin. (2000). “Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They?” Strategic Management Journal 21: 1105–1121.

Galunic, Charles. (2017). “Digital Journeys: 10 Checkpoints in Building a Digital-Ready Company.” INSEAD Case 11/2017-6349.

Galunic, Charlies and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. (2001). “Architectural Innovation and Modular Corporate Forms.” Academy of Management Journal 44(6): 1229–1249.

Galunic, Charles and Simon Rodan. (1998). “Resource Recombinations in the Firm: Knowledge Structures and the Potential for Schumpeterian Innovation.” Strategic Management Journal 19(12): 1193–1201.

Gerstner, Louis V. (2002). Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance?: Inside IBM’s Historic Turnaround. New York, HarperCollins.

Goldenberg, Jacob and Rom Y. Schrift. (2018). “Go Forth and Multiply: Unlocking Successful Innovation.” Columbia CaseWorks Case: 190501.

Govindarajan, Vijay and Srikanth Srinivas. (2013). “Innovation Mindset in Action: 3M Corporation.” Harvard Business Review, August 6.

Huey, John. (2012). “Transcript: IBM’s Ginni Rometty on Leadership.” Fortune, October 2. Retrieved August 17, 2019. https://fortune.com/2012/10/02/transcript-IBMs-ginni-rometty-on-leadership/.

Huy, Quy. (2015). “Who Killed Nokia? Nokia Did.” INSEAD Knowledge, September 22. Retrieved December 10, 2019. https://knowledge.insead.edu/strategy/who-killed-Nokia-Nokia-did-4268 (p. 515).

Kim, W. Chan and Renee A. Mauborgne. (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy. Boston, MA, HBS Press.

Kuehner-Hebert, Katie. (2018). “How CEO Ginni Rometty Is Reshaping IBM.” Chief Executive, March 26. Retrieved September 22, 2019. https://chiefexecutive.net/ceo-ginni-rometty-reshaping-IBM/.

Lakhani, Karim R. and Michael L. Tushman. (2014). “Havas: Change Faster.” Harvard Business School Case Study Multimedia/Video Case 615–702, September.

Lewis, Michael. (2011). The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. New York, W.W. Norton.

Nag, Rajiv and Dennis A. Gioia. (2012). “From Common to Uncommon Knowledge: Foundations of Firm-Specific Use of Knowledge as a Resource.” Academy of Management Journal 55(2): 421–457.

Nocera, Joe. (2015). “Can Netflix Survive in the New World It Created?” The New York Times Magazine. New York Times (New York), June 15. Retrieved December 10, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/19/magazine/can-netflix-survive-in-the-new-world-it-created.html.

Rumelt, Richard. (2011a). Good Strategy Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why It Matters. New York, Crown Business.

Rumelt, Richard. (2011b). “The Perils of Bad Strategy.” McKinsey Quarterly 1(3): 1–10, June. Retrieved August 19, 2019. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/the-perils-of-bad-strategy.

Safian, Robert. (2017). “How PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi Is Steering the Company Toward a Purpose-Driven Future.” Fast Company. Fast Company Innovation Festival, January 9. Retrieved December 10, 2019. https://www.fastcompany.com/3066378/how-pepsico-ceo-indra-nooyi-is-steering-the-company-tow.

Teece, David, Gary Pisano and Amy Shuen. (1997). “Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management.” Strategic Management Journal 18(7): 509–533.

Teece, David, Margaret Peteraf and Sohvi Leih. (2016). “Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Agility: Risk, Uncertainty, and Strategy in the Innovation Economy.” California Management Review 58(4): 13–35.

Teece, David J. (2007). “Explicating Dynamic Capabilities: The Nature and Microfoundations of (Sustainable) Enterprise Performance.” Strategic Management Journal 28(13): 1319–1350.

Teece, David J. (2012). “Dynamic Capabilities: Routines Versus Entrepreneurial Action.” Journal of Management Studies 49(8): 1395–1401.

Tripsas, Mary and Giovanni Gavetti. (2000). “Capabilities, Cognition, and Inertia: Evidence from Digital Imaging.” Strategic Management Journal 21(10/11): 1147.

Ulaga, Wolfgang, Joerg Niessing and Nancy Brandwein. (2019). “WeWork—Service Excellence Through Business Model Innovation: Creating Outstanding Customer Experiences by Leveraging Data, Analytics and Digital Technologies.” INSEAD Case: #TK.

Vaughan, Diane. (1996). The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Vaughan, Diane. (1997). “The Trickle-Down Effect: Policy Decisions, Risky Work, and the Challenger Tragedy.” California Management Review 39(2): 80–102.

Vuori, Timo O. and Quy N. Huy. (2015). “Distributed Attention and Shared Emotions in the Innovation Process: How Nokia Lost the Smartphone Battle.” Administrative Science Quarterly 61(1): 9–51.

Weick, Karl E. (1995). Sensemaking in Organizations, Vol. 3. Thousand Oaks, Sage.

Weick, Karl E. and Kathleen M. Sutcliffe. (2006). “Mindfulness and the Quality of Organizational Attention.” Organization Science 17(4): 514–524.

Weick, Karl E., Kathleen M. Sutcliffe and David Obstfeld. (1999). “Organizing for High Reliability: Processes of Collective Mindfulness.” In R. I. Sutton and B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 21 (pp. 81–123). Elsevier Science/JAI Press.

Titel: Scanning and Sensemaking
verfasst von: Charles Galunic
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Backstage Leadership
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36170-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-36171-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36171-6_2

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