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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Science and Economics: A Complex Relationship

verfasst von : Carlos Elías

Erschienen in: Science on the Ropes

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The relationship between science and bourgeois capitalism is interesting, and there is no consensus on which is the most important for scientific and technological advancement: capitalism or state investment. By 1917, the German sociologist and economist Max Weber stated in his book (from a lecture).

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Fußnoten
1
Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, pp. 129–156, New York: Oxford University Press, 1946. From H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (trans. and ed.). Published as Wissenschaft als Beruf, Gesammlte Aufsaetze zur Wissenschaftslehre (Tubingen 1922), pp. 524–555. Originally a speech at Munich University, 1918, published in 1919 by Duncker & Humboldt, Munich.
 
2
Paula Stephan. (2012). How Economics Shapes Science. Harvard University Press.
 
3
James Adams. (1990). ‘Fundamental stocks of knowledge and productivity growth.’ Journal of Political Economy, 98, 673–702.
 
4
William Bowen and Julie Sosa. (1989). Prospects for Faculty in the Arts and Science: A study of factors affecting demand and supply 19872012. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
 
5
George J. Borjas and Kirk B. Doran. (2012). ‘The collapse of the Soviet Union and the productivity of American mathematicians.’ Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127(3), 1143–1203. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​qje/​qjs015.
 
6
G. J. Borjas. (2007). ‘Do foreign students crowd out native students from graduate programs?’ In Science and the University, 134–149, ed. Paula Stephan and Roland Ehrenberg, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. And also in ‘Immigration in High-Skill Labor Markets: The impact of foreign students on the earnings of doctorates’, in Science and the Engineering Careers in the United States: an analysis of markets and employment, 131–162, ed. Richard Freeman and Daniel Goroff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
 
7
Jonathan Osborne and Justin Dillon. (2008). Science Education in Europe: Critical Reflections. A Report to the Nuffield Foundation. King’s College London.
 
8
Paula Stephan. (2012). How Economics Shapes Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
 
9
Erling Barth, James C. Davis, Richard Freeman and Andrew Wang. (2017). ‘The effects of scientists and engineers on productivity and earnings at the establishment where they work.’ Working papers forthcoming in U.S. Engineering in a Global Economy, ed. Richard Freeman and Hal Salzman, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
 
10
Richard Freeman. (2005). ‘Does globalization of scientific/engineering workforce threaten U.S Economic leadership?’ Working paper 11.457 as part of the NBER Science and Engineering Workforce Project.
 
11
Cited in P. Stephan, 2012, 159.
 
12
Richard Freeman, Eric Weinstein, Elizabeth Marincola, Janet Rosenbaum and Frank Solomon. (2001). ‘Competition and careers in biosciences.’ Science, 294(5550), 2293–2294.
 
13
Ibid.
 
14
The survey was advertised through links on nature.​com, in Springer Nature digital products and through e-mail campaigns. The data (which are available in full at go.​nature.​com/​2kzo89o) were fleshed out by interviews with a small group of respondents who had indicated that they were willing to be contacted.
 
15
A. Preston. 2000. ‘Do differences in rates of skill depreciation across scientific fields impact labor market outcomes?’ Haverford College, in Freeman et al. 2001.
 
16
Pio Baroja. (1976). ‘La edad transcendental’ (‘The transcendental age’). Obras completas (‘Complete Works’). Biblioteca Nueva 1976, 1109.
 
18
John Horgan. (1996). The End of Science. Facing the limits of knowledge in the twilight of the scientific age. Helix Books.
 
19
Stephen Hawking. (2002). El universo en una cáscara de nuez, p. 158. Barcelona: Crítica.
 
20
Arif Jinha. (2010). ‘Article 50 million: An estimate of the number of scholarly articles in existence.’ Learned Publishing. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1087/​20100308.
 
21
A compilation of Cabrera’s scientific work can be found in Francisco González de Posada. (1995). Blas Cabrera ante Einstein y la Relatividad. Amigos de la Cultura Científica (‘Blas Cabrera before Einstein and Relativity: Friends of scientific culture’). Madrid: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Escuela Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
 
22
K. Makino. (2007). ‘Japan: a boom in science news.’ In M. W. Bauer and M. Bucchi (eds.) (2007). Op. cit. (pp. 259–262).
 
23
These data were mentioned at the World Science Public Awareness Meeting held in Seoul, South Korea, in 2006.
 
24
National Research Council. (1998). Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
 
26
Editorial. Nature, 537, 450 (22 September 2016). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1038/​537450a.
 
27
Daniel Laurison and Sam Friedman. (2016). ‘The class pay gap in higher professional and managerial occupations.’ American Sociological Review, 81(4), 668–695. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​0003122416653602​.
 
29
‘Is science only for the rich?’, http://​www.​nature.​com/​news/​is-science-only-for-the-rich-1.​20650. Nature (26 September 2016).
 
30
Chris Woolston. (2016). Salaries: Reality check. Nature, 537, 573–576. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1038/​nj7621-573.
 
31
Nature’s biennial salary and job-satisfaction survey, which in 2016 drew responses from 5,757 readers.
 
33
John Horgan. (1996). The End of Science: Facing the limits of knowledge in the twilight of the scientific age. Reading, MA: Helix/Addison-Wesley.
 
Metadaten
Titel
Science and Economics: A Complex Relationship
verfasst von
Carlos Elías
Copyright-Jahr
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12978-1_5

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