Sedimentary Dynamics of Windfield-Source-Basin System

New Concept for Interpretation and Prediction

verfasst von: Prof. Zaixing Jiang

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Buchreihe : Springer Geology

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book introduces the geological concept of the “windfield-source-basin system,” based on integrated modern and ancient sedimentology studies. It identifies wind field as a main sedimentation-controlling factor that combines with provenance and basin dynamics to determine the formation and distribution of depositional systems. Using the unary properties of facies, sedimentary models and the duality properties of source-to-sink approaches, the concept of a “wind-source-basin system” introduces the “sedimentary system trinity”: wind field, provenance and basin properties. “Wind-source-basin systems” provide more plausible genetic interpretations of depositional systems (including both continental and marine facies, and clastic and carbonate systems), as well as more comprehensive and precise predictions of depositional systems (hydrocarbon reservoirs) in unknown regions. Further, the book proposes a series of methods on paleowind field reconstruction, which fill the gaps in paleo-atmospheric field studies in paleoclimatology, and shows that allocating relationships among source-reservoir-cap in petroliferous basins are limited by the “wind-source-basin system”. This trinity system also provides a new perspective on petroleum geology assessment.

The book appeals to all those engaged in sedimentology, petroleum geology and climatology studies.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. The Emergence of Windfield-Source-Basin Dynamics

Abstract

The goal of this chapter is to give a brief introduction of the windfield-source-basin system. Over the years, sedimentology has seen a great improvement from initial facies analyses and interpretation of depositional environment, to process–product coupling controlled by exotic factors relating to climatic, tectonic, and sediment supply. Windfield, an important component of climate, is less well studied in terms of the influence on macro-depositional system. Wind, or wind-generated agents such as wave, however, may influence depositional results directly and pervasively, including both clastic and calciclastic depositional systems. From the perspective of this chapter, windfield should be considered as an end member of exotic factors and equals to tectonic activity and sediment supply. In this sense, the conception of windfield-source-basin system is proposed to summarize that depositional systems are controlled by these three end members.

Zaixing Jiang

Chapter 2. Elements and Research Methods of Sedimentary Dynamics of Windfield-Source-Basin System

Abstract

The concept of windfield-source-basin system is more of a methodology than a theory. Windfield-source-basin system aims to study a system in the basin scope. Sub-elements included in the system that are needed for the study include wind direction, wind strength, provenance, topography, water depth, and so on. Reconstruction and/or interpretation of the above sub-elements are the key of the windfield-source-basin methodology, which would result in a more reasonable interpretation of complex sedimentary processes and products, and even predict sedimentary processes and products in unexplored regions. In this chapter, how would the above sub-elements influence the development of depositional systems are discussed, and general methodologies are presented, to outline this practical approach. A classification scheme of depositional systems was suggested in the framework of windfield-source-basin system.

Zaixing Jiang

Chapter 3. Modern Sedimentary System and Windfield-Source-Basin System Dynamics of Qinghai Lake

Abstract

The modern sedimentary system of the Qinghai Lake is the product of the comprehensive effects of the “windfield-source-basin” system. The Piedmont region of the east lake sand area and Langma Shegang sand area belongs to wind-controlled system. The river catchment areas belong to source-controlled system. The semi-deep and deep lake area and the travertine developing area belong to the basin-controlled system. Eolian sand dunes in front of Tuanbao–Daban Mountain, on the Buha River delta plain, and in the Langma Shegang sand area are dominated by wind. Alluvial fan, river, fan delta, and delta in the Qinghai Lake area belong to source-basin system. Barrier coast (barrier island and trumpet-like estuary), lake beach, and littoral deposition belong to windfield-source-basin system. The depositional systems on the east coast and west coast are significantly different from each other.

Zaixing Jiang

Chapter 4. Paleogene Sedimentary System and Sedimentary Dynamics of Windfield-Source-Basin System in the Dongying Sag

Abstract

In this chapter, the middle Eocene Dongying Depression located in East China is provided to serve as an ancient example for windfield-source-basin analyses. Basic sedimentology settings including main depositional systems and stratigraphy framework were first studied by using core data, well-log data, and seismic data. Under the guide of windfield-source-basin methodology, paleo-water depth, paleotopography, sedimentary patterns, and paleo-wind direction and strength were further reconstructed. By coupling the paleo-environmental factors with distribution of various depositional systems, a classification scheme of depositional systems relating to the study area was proposed in the framework of windfield-source-basin system. According to results of paleo-windfield reconstruction, evidences of East Asian monsoon activities were found during the depositional period, i.e., the middle Eocene (~45 Ma).

Zaixing Jiang

Chapter 5. Depositional Systems and Windfield-Source-Basin System Dynamics of the West Sag, Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

Abstract

Beach bar deposits are widely distributed in the Eocene West Sag of Liaohe Depression. The formation is co-controlled by windfield, source, and basin. The ideal environment for its deposition includes three elements: (1) a consistent windfield, (2) relatively shallow water depth, and (3) a gentle lake-bottom slope. Five types of beach bar deposits are developed in the depression; they are formed by (1) reforming of delta side edge by waves, (2) reforming of delta front by waves, (3) reforming of bedrock by waves, (4) submerging and reforming of delta by rising water level, and (5) storming events.

Zaixing Jiang

Chapter 6. The Sedimentary Characteristics of Paleogene Conglomerates and Their Sedimentary Dynamics in Source-to-Sink System in the Langgu Sag

Abstract

Under the guidance of sedimentary dynamics of source-to-sink system, the sedimentary characteristics of Paleogene conglomerates in the Langgu Sag are studied; the paleogeomorphology is restored from the three aspects of highs, basin controlling faults, and sag; and the paleo-provenance is restored based on the paleogeographic evolution. According to the lithology, sedimentary structure, and vertical sequence of the Daxing conglomerate, as well as the source composition and paleomorphological features of the conglomerate sediments, the Daxing conglomerate resulted from three types of depositional models: fault-trough gravity flow, debris flow nearshore subaqueous fan, and mudslides nearshore subaqueous fan. The physical properties and oil and gas production capacity of the debris flow nearshore subaqueous fan are obviously better than those of the other two types of conglomerate bodies, and that have been confirmed by exploration practice.

Zaixing Jiang

Chapter 7. A Source-to-Sink Study of the Paleogene Shulu Sag: Characteristics and Depositional Dynamics of Its Deposits

Abstract

The Shulu Sag is located in the southwestern corner of the Jizhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin of East China. The lower part of the Shahejie Formation developed massive conglomerate characterized by low porosity and low permeability with carbonate fragment as its main constituent. According to the sedimentary structure and distribution characteristics, etc., the carbonate breccia may fall into two genetics: one formed by fan-delta channel sedimentation, whereas the other is formed by earthquake-induced slump fan deposition. The braided river is the main sedimentary body of the fan delta and the typical characteristics are imbricate structures with normal graded bed sequence. The latter appears along with typical seismites widely distributed in the sag, which include soft sediment deformation structures (sedimentary dikes, hydraulic shattering, etc.), and brittle deformation (synsedimentary faults).

Zaixing Jiang

Titel: Sedimentary Dynamics of Windfield-Source-Basin System
verfasst von: Prof. Zaixing Jiang
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-7407-3
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7406-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7407-3