3. Selective Electron Beam Melting

Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM), which is categorized into powder bed fusion (PBF) in ISO52900 as well as selective laser melting (SLM). SEBM is denoted by PBF-EB, meaning electron beam-based PBF. Formerly, SEBM was denoted by the term “E-PBF,” but currently “PBF-EB” is used. To emphasize that the process is for metal, the term “PBF-EB/M” is used to indicate SEBM. Overviews of SEBM and the characteristics of the metal microstructures of EBM-built parts have been already published in books [1, 2] and commentary articles [3‐8]. The term “electron beam melting (EBM)” is used for meaning SEBM by the company Arcam, which developed this technology. The type of manufacturing method employing an electric beam, where the material is added through a process similar to build-up welding, and a metal wire is used instead of metal powder (i.e., Sciaky Co. Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing: EBAM [9]), is not dealt with here.