1. Smart Grid

The history of commercial power system traces back to 1881 with Thomas Edison’s electric lighting company in New York; soon after that, his company installed hydroelectric power generation facility effectively in 1882. However, unlike present power systems, the first commercial power system employed direct current (DC) transmission and distribution. Those systems could not stay alive because the voltage could not easily converted to the high voltage with the available technology at that time. Besides voltage conversion constraint, protection and safety issues in distribution networks and consumer facilities were also concerned. Additionally, massive current flow was there due to low-voltage transmission (thereby causing resistive power losses). Hence, distant power transmission was unfeasible due to consequent voltage drop because of significant resistance of longer transmission lines for greater distances.