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Sustainable Water Resources Management

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01.06.2021 | Original Article

Spatial and temporal variation of fluvial islands and sandbars in River Ganga from Bhagalpur to Farakka during 1955–2019

verfasst von: Chandan Raj, Vivekanand Singh

Erschienen in: Sustainable Water Resources Management | Ausgabe 3/2021

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Abstract

The lower portion of Ganga River is wide and braided with numerous fluvial islands and sandbars. This paper investigated the spatial and temporal variation of fluvial islands and sandbars in the Ganga River from Bhagalpur to Farakka during 1955–2019. Historical topographic maps and Landsat data from 1955 to 2019 have been used for the study. Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) followed by the classification of the image has been used to produce water and non-water area. Accuracy assessment of the classified image has been done through an error matrix and attained overall accuracy, ranging from 86 to 94%. Islands and sandbars have experienced considerable variation in due course of time. Island at the confluence of the Kosi river has expanded manifold. Areas of attached sandbars have increased with an increase in meander in the river. A sandbar has developed in front of Farakka Barrage, which has now transformed into a vegetated island. This paper also analyzed the correlation between morphological parameters (width, braiding index (BI), sinuosity index (SI)) and hydrological factors (annual maximum discharge and annual high-water level) influencing variation in the area of islands. The result shows a strong correlation between the width of the river and the BI, whereas the weak correlation between the SI and BI. The area of islands and sandbars was inversely related to annual maximum discharge as well as maximum water level. Although variation in the island is a function of several natural factors, the construction of Farakka barrage plays an increasingly important role behind this variation.

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Titel: Spatial and temporal variation of fluvial islands and sandbars in River Ganga from Bhagalpur to Farakka during 1955–2019
verfasst von: Chandan Raj
Vivekanand Singh
Publikationsdatum: 01.06.2021
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Sustainable Water Resources Management / Ausgabe 3/2021
Print ISSN: 2363-5037
Elektronische ISSN: 2363-5045
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-021-00522-y

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