2007 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Speeding Up HMM Decoding and Training by Exploiting Sequence Repetitions
verfasst von : Shay Mozes, Oren Weimann, Michal Ziv-Ukelson
Erschienen in: Combinatorial Pattern Matching
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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We present a method to speed up the dynamic program algorithms used for solving the HMM decoding and training problems for discrete time-independent HMMs. We discuss the application of our method to Viterbi’s decoding and training algorithms [21], as well as to the forward-backward and Baum-Welch [4] algorithms. Our approach is based on identifying repeated substrings in the observed input sequence. We describe three algorithms based alternatively on byte pair encoding (BPE) [19], run length encoding (RLE) and Lempel-Ziv (LZ78) parsing [12]. Compared to Viterbi’s algorithm, we achieve a speedup of
Ω
(
r
) using BPE, a speedup of
$\Omega(\frac{r}{\log r})$
using RLE, and a speedup of
$\Omega(\frac{\log n}{k})$
using LZ78, where
k
is the number of hidden states,
n
is the length of the observed sequence and
r
is its compression ratio (under each compression scheme). Our experimental results demonstrate that our new algorithms are indeed faster in practice. Furthermore, unlike Viterbi’s algorithm, our algorithms are highly parallelizable.