Stages of Formation of Industry 4.0 and the Key Indicators of Its Development

The purpose of this chapter is to study the main stages of formation of Industry 4.0 and to determine the key indicators of its development at each of them. The authors analyze the process of formation of Industry 4.0 and distinguish the main stages: preparation of the socio-economic system, formation of Industry 4.0 as a sphere of industry and the Industrial Revolution—transition to Industry 4.0. The authors determine the potential barriers on the path of formation of Industry 4.0 at each of the distinguished stages and offer recommendations for overcoming them. The authors also develop and present the system of indicators for monitoring of formation of Industry 4.0, which includes target values of the indicators for transition to the next stage. As a result of the research, the authors make a conclusion that modern economic systems are at different stages of the process of formation of Industry 4.0. Thus, while in developed countries transition to the second stage is close, developing countries have just started the first stage. Therefore, in the scale of the global economic system formation of Industry 4.0 should be forecasted for the long-term.