Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Strength-Related Data of Grouts

verfasst von : Prof. Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans, Prof. Theodosios P. Tassios

Erschienen in: Mix-Design and Application of Hydraulic Grouts for Masonry Strengthening

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This Chapter deals with grout-mix design issues related to the targeted strength of the masonry to be grouted. Only two parameters enter the discussion: targeted fwc-value and corresponding required fgr,c-value. The chapter explores how a range of required fgr,c-values suffices to be related to a targeted fwc-value. This loose correlation is due to the fact that grout-to- stone bond properties are shaping the final structural behaviour of grouted masonry. Thus, tensile rather than compressive strength of the grout is the relevant parameter. Besides, dehydration of grout entering the masonry takes place; consequently, some additional rules regarding mix-composition are respectively derived. Finally, several empirical relationships are offered predicting masonry compressive strength before and after grouting. Obviously, among the grout compositions resulting in fgr,c-values within the required strength range, those mixes will be retained respecting the other required performances. The Chapter ends with a long Appendix presenting detailed strength results (both tensile and compressive) for several grout compositions, described in literature.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Guidelines for the Estimation of Wnom
Nächstes Kapitel Durability
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Fußnoten
1
Such as placing of stone or metal “keys” through cracks, deep re-pointing, possible addition of “reinforcements” along leveled joints, local rebuilding, etc.
 
2
See Sect. 6.5 and Miltiadou (1990, 1998), Toumbakari (2002), Toumbakari et al. (2007), Adami and Vintzileou (2008, 2010), Adami et al. (2008), Luso and Lourenço (2017b).
 
Literatur
Adami CE, Vintzileou E (2008) Interventions to historic masonries: investigation of the bond mechanism between stones or bricks and grouts. RILEM Mater Struct 41(2):255–267
Adami CE, Vintzileou E (2010) The potential of medium and low mechanical properties hydraulic grouts for the retrofit of historic masonries. In: Proceedings of 8th international masonry conference, Dresden, 2010, Technische Universität Dresden and International Masonry Society
Adami CE, Vintzileou E., Moutselis M (2008) Shear behavior of interfaces between masonry units and hydraulic-lime grouts. In: Proceedings of RILEM HMC08, Historic Mortar Conference 2008, Portugal
Artioli G, Casarin F, Dalla Benetta M, da Porto F, Secco M, Valluzzi MR (2011) Restoration of historic masonry structures damaged by the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake through injection grouts. In: Proc. of 9th Australasian Masonry Conference, Queenstown, New Zealand 15–18 February 2011
Badogiannis E, Miltiadou-Fezans A, Kalagri A, Ipsilanti E, Dedeloudis C, Vintzileou E (2012) Mix design and performance evaluation of grouts with superfine natural pozzolan. In: Jasieńko J (ed) Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, DWE Wrocław Poland, pp 773–780
Baltazar LG, Henriques FMA, Jorne F, Cidade MT (2014) Combined effect of superplasticizer, silica fume and temperature in the performance of natural hydraulic lime grouts. Construct Build Mater 50(2014):584–597
Baltazar LG, Henriques F, Cidade MT (2017) Grouts with improved durability for masonry consolidation: an experimental study with non-standard specimens. Key Eng Mater 747:480–487
Biçer Şimşir B, Rainer L (2013) Evaluation of lime-based hydraulic injection grouts for the conservation of architectural surfaces a manual of laboratory and field test methods. Getty Conservat Instit Los Angeles 2013:105
Biçer-Şimşir B, Griffin I, Palazzo-Bertholon B, Rainer L (2010) Lime-based injection grouts for the conservation of architectural surfaces. Studies in Conservation, June 2010. DOI: 10.1179/ sic. 2010.55 Supplement-1.3
Binda L, Modena C, Baronio G (1993) Strengthening of masonries by injection technique. In: Proceedings of 6° NaMC, vol I, Philadelphia, pp 1–14
Binda L, Modena C, Baronio G, Abbaneo S (1997) Repair and investigation techniques for stone masonry walls. Constr Build Mater 11(3):133–142
Binda L, Baronio G, Tiraboschi C, Tedeschi C (2003) Experimental research for the choice of adequate materials for the reconstruction of the Cathedral of Noto. Constr Build Mater 17:629–639
Binda L, Modena C, Baronio G, Gelmi A (1994) Experimental qualification of injection admixtures used for repair and strengthening of stone masonry walls, In: Proceedings 10th International brick/block masonry conference on Calgary, Vol. 2, pp 539–548
Bras A, Henriques MS (2012) Natural hydraulic lime based grouts—the selection of grout injection parameters for masonry consolidation. Constr Build Mater 26(2012):135–144
Corradi M, Borri A, Vignoli A (2002) Strengthening techniques tested on masonry structures struck by the Umbria-Marche earthquakes of 1997–1998. Constr Build Mater 16:229–239
Corradi M, Tedeschi C, Binda L, Borri A (2008) Experimental evaluation of shear and compression strength of masonry wall before and after reinforcement: Deep repointing. Constr Build Mater 22:463–472
Egermann R (1993) Investigation on the load bearing behavior of multiple leaf masonry. In Proceedings of IABSE symposium structural preservation of the architectural heritage. Rome, Italy, pp 305–312
EN 1771 (2004) Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures-Test methods-Determination of injectability and splitting test.
EN 197–1 (2000) Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements
EN 459–1 (2015) Building lime. Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria
Ferragni D, Forti M, Malliet J, Mora P, Teutonico JM, Torraca G (1984) Injection Grouting of mural paintings and mosaics. In: Proceedings of symposium international adhesives and consolidants, Paris, 2–8 Sept., pp. 110–116.
Van Gemert D, Ladang C, Carpentier L, Geltmeyer B (1995) Consolidation of the Tower of St. Mary’s Basilica at Tongeren. Int. Journal for Restoration of Buildings and Monuments, Vol. 1, no. 5, 1995, pp. 371–392
Giaretton M, Valluzzi MR, Mazzon N, Modena C (2017) Out-of-plane shake-table tests of strengthened multi-leaf stone masonry walls. Bull Earthq Eng 15:4299–4317
Griffin I (2004) Pozzolanas as additives for grouts. Stud Conserv 49(2004):23–34
Holmstrom I, (1982) Mortars, cements and grouts for conservation and repair. Some urgent needs for research. In: Proceedings of international symposium mortars, cements and grouts used in the conservation of historic buildings, 3–6 November 1981, Rome, ed. ICCROM, Rome, pp 19–24
Kalagri A, Miltiadou-Fezans A, Vintzileou E (2010) Design and evaluation of hydraulic lime grouts for the strengthening of stone masonry historic structures. Mater Struct 43:1135–1146
Karaveziroglou M, Papayianni I, Penelis G (1998) Mortars and grouts in restoration of Roman and Byzantine monuments. In: Biscontin G, Moropoulou A, Erdik M, Delgado Rodrigues J (eds) Compatible materials for the protection of European cultural heritage, PACT 55 1998, Technical Chamber of Greece, pp 219–245
Luso E (2019) Lourenço P (2019) Mechanical behaviour of two leaf masonry wall-strengthening using different grouts. J Mater Civ Eng 31(7):04019096
Luso E, Lourenço PB (2016) Experimental characterization of commercial lime-based grouts for stom]ne masonry consolidation. Construct Build Mater 102:216–225
Luso E, Lourenço PB (2017b) Bond strength characterization of commercially available grouts for masonry. Constr Build Mater 144(2017):317–326
Mazzon N (2010) Influence of Grout injection on the dynamic behaviour of stone masonry buildings. PhD Thesis, University of Padova
Miltiadou A, Durville JL, Martineau F, Massieu E, Serrano JJ (1993) Etude mécanique de mélanges cailloux-mortier-influence de l’injection de coulis. Bulletin de liaison, Laboratoire des Ponts et Chaussées-183- janv.- févr. 1993. Réf. 3677:75–84
Miltiadou A, Papakonstantinou E, Zambas K, Panou A, Frantzikinaki K (1998) Structural restoration of the columns of Parthenon Opisthodomos with hydraulic grouts of high injectability. Research report, Archives of the Conservation Service of Acropolis Monuments, p 78 (in Greek)
Miltiadou AE (1990) Étude des coulis hydrauliques pour la réparation et le renforcement des structures et des monuments historiques en maçonnerie. Thèse de Doctorat de l’Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées. Pub. LCPC in Collection Etudes et recherches des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées, série Ouvrages d'art, OA8 ISSN 1161–028X, LCPC, Décembre 1991, Paris, France, p 278
Miltiadou-Fezans A (1998) Criteria for the design of hydraulic grouts injectable into fine cracks and evaluation of their efficiency. In: Biscontin G, Moropoulou A, Erdik M, Delgado Rodrigues J (eds) Compatible materials for the protection of European cultural heritage, PACT 55 1998, Technical Chamber of Greece, pp 149–163
Miltiadou-Fezans A (2000) Design of the hydraulic grouts compositions for the structural restoration of Milos catacombs, Greece. Research report, Laboratory of Restoration Materials and Techniques, Directorate for the Restoration of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Monuments, Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports (in Greek)
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Anagnostopoulou S, Gatzionis K (2001a) Investigations for the design of grouts for the structural restoration of Eptapyrgion Fortress in Thessaloniki, Greece. Researsh report, Laboratory of Restoration Materials and Techniques, Directorate for the Restoration of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Monuments, Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, December 2001 (in Greek)
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Anagnostopoulou S, Gatzionis K, Kordoulas A (2001b) Laboratory and in situ tests for the design of mortars and grouts for the structural restoration of the NE range of Cells of Hosios Loucas Monastery in Boeotia, Greece. Researsh report, Laboratory of Restoration Materials and Techniques, Directorate for the Restoration of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Monuments, Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, November 2001 (in Greek)
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Kalagri A, Kordoulas A (2003) Technical report of grouting interventions in the building SPAP II in Olympia and in the Municipal market of Pyrgos in Ileia, Peloponese, Greece. Researsh report, Laboratory of Restoration Materials and Techniques, Directorate for the Restoration of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Monuments, Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, October 2003 (in Greek)
Miltiadou-Fezans A., Kalagri A., Anagnostopoulou S. (2004a) Research and investigations for the design of grouts, mortars and pastes for the restoration of the Ancient Theatre of Megalopolis, Greece. Research report, Directorate for Technical Research on Restotation of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, October 2004 (in Greek)
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Kalagri A, Anagnostopoulou S (2004b) Research and investigations for the design of grouts for the restoration of the Ancient Theatre of Epidaure, Greece. Research report, Directorate for Technical Research on Restotation of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, October 2004 (in Greek)
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Kalagri A, Anagnostopoulou S (2004c) Research and investigations for the design of grouts for the restoration of ranges of cells and the East Gate of Dahni Monastery, Attica, Greece. Research report, Directorate for Technical Research on Restotation of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, 2004 (in Greek)
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Papakonstantinou E, Zambas K, Panou A (2005) Design and application of hydraulic grouts of high injectability for structural restoration of the column drums of the Parthenon Opisthodomos. In: Brebbia CA, Torpiano A (eds) Structural studies, repairs and maintenance of heritage architecture IX. WIT Press, Southampton, pp 461–472
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Kalagri A, Triantafyllou M (2006a) Research report for the design of hydraulic grouts for the structural restoration of the Katholikon of Dafni Monastery, Attica, Greece. Comparative study of hydraulic lime-based grouts. Research report, Directorate for Technical Research on Restoration, Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, p 68 (in Greek)
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Anagnostopoulou S, Kalagri A (2006b) Restoration mortars and grouts for consolidation of the Cells of internal yard of Dafni Monastery. 1st Conference on Restoration, Society for Research and Promotion of Scientific Restoration of Monuments (ETEPAM), Thessaloniki (in Greek)
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Kalagri A, Delinikolas N (2007a) Design of hydraulic grout and application methodology for stone masonry structures bearing mosaics and mural paintings: the case of the Katholikon of Dafni Monastery. In: Arun G (ed) Proc. of Int. Symposium Studies on Historical Heritage, Antalya, Turkey, 17–21 September, 2007, pp 649–656
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Kalagri A, Savvidou M (2007b) Research and investigations for the design of grouts for the structural restoration of the Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary in Tegea Arkadias, Greece. Research report, Directorate for Technical Research on Restotation of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports (in Greek)
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Kalagri A, Kakkinou S, Ziagou A, Delinikolas N, Zarogianni E, Chorafa E (2008) Methodology for in situ application of hydraulic grouts on historic masonry structures. The case of the Katholikon of Dafni Monastery». In: D’ Ayala D and Fodde E (eds), Structural analysis of historic construction, preserving safety and significance, Proceedings of 6th international conference on SAHC, 2–4 July, Bath, CRC Press/Balkema, Taylor and Francis Group, London UK, Vol. II, pp 1025–1033
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Delagrammatikas M, Kalagri A, Vassiliou P (2021) Evaluation of performance of matured hydraulic grouts: strength development, microstructural characteristics and durability issues. In: Roca P, Pelà L, Molins C (Eds) Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions SAHC21, on line event 29th Sept to 1st Oct 2021, International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE), Barcelona, Spain, pp 2480–2491
Mirza J, Mirza MS, Roy V, Saleh K (2002) Basic rheological and mechanical properties of High-volume fly ash grouts. Constr Build Mater 16:353–363
Mirza J, Saleh K, Langevin MA, mirza S, Bhutta MAR, Tahir M Md, (2013) Properties of microfine grouts at 4° C, 10° C and 20° C. Constr Build Mater 47(2013):1145–1153
Moundoulas P, Morout P., Miltiadou A, Aggelakopoulou E, Bakolas S, Kouloumbi N, Moropoulou A (2009) The impact of fluidifiers on hydraulic grouts. In: Proceedings of 11th paints symposium research and technology of paints, varnishes and inks on the eve of 2010, Athens, 7–8/5/2009, pp 278–304
Nikolopoulou V, Adami CE, Karagiannaki D, Vintzileou E, Miltiadou-Fezans A (2018) Grouts for strengthening two- and three-leaf stone masonry, made with earthen mortars. Int J Architect Heritage Conservat Anal Restorat 13(5):663–678
Oliveira DV, Lourenço PB, Garbin E, Valluzzi M.R, Modena C (2006) Experimental investigation on the structural behaviour and strengthening of three-leaf stone masonry walls. In: Proceedings of international conference on structural analysis of historical constructions, New Delhi, Nov 2006, pp 817–826
Paillère AM, Serrano JJ, Buil M (1986) Possibilités offertes par l’emploi d’ultrafines siliceuses dans les coulis d’injection à base de liants hydrauliques. Bulletin De Liaison Des Laboratoires Des Ponts Et Chaussées, Paris, no. 141:23–25
Paillère A-M, Serrano JJ, Miltiadou A (1993) Formulation des coulis hydrauliques pour l’injection de fines fissures et cavités dans les structures dégradées en béton et maçonnerie. Bull. de Liaison Labo. Ponts et Chaussées, 186-juil.-aoȗt pp 61–78, Ref. 3676
Papayianni I (2015) Experimental study on the performance of lime-based grouts used in consolidating historic masonries. Mater Struct 48(7):2111–2121
Penelis G, Karaveziroglou M, Papayianni I (1989) Grouts for repairing and strengthening old masonry structures. In: Brebbia CA (ed) Structural repair and maintenance of historical buildings. Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, UK, pp 179–188
Saric-Coric M, Khayat KH, Tagnit-Hamou A (2003) Performance characteristics of cement grouts made with various combinations of high-range water reducer and cellulose-based viscosity modifier. Cem Concr Res 33:1999–2008
Schuller MP, Atkinson RH, Borgsmiller JT (1994) Injection grouting for repair and retrofit of unreinforced masonry. In: Proceedings of 10th international block masonry conference. Calgary, Canada, July 5–7, 1994
Silva B (2012) Diagnosis and strengthening of Historical masonry structures: Numerical and experimental analyses. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Brescia, April 2012, p 407
Tassios TP (2004) Rehabilitation of three-leaf masonry. In: Evoluzione nella sperimentazione per le costruzioni, Seminario Internazionale. Centro Internationale di Aggiornamento Sperimentale—Scientifico (CIAS), 2004
Tassios TP, Chronopoulos M (1986) Aseismic dimensioning of interventions on low-strength masonry buildings. In: Proceedings of Middle East and Mediterranean Regional Conference on Earthen and Low-strength masonry in seismic areas, Middle East University, August 31st to September 6th, Ankara
Tavares ML, Veiga MR Fragata A (2010) Grouting mortars for consolidation of historical renders showing loss of adhesion. In: Proceedings of 2nd Historic Mortar Conference HM2010 and RILEM TC 203-RHM Final Workshop September 2010, Prague, Chech Republic, pp 743–752
Tomazevic M, Apih V (1993) The strengthening of stone-masonry walls by injecting the masonry friendly grouts. In European Earthquake Engineering, Vol 7, No 2 Patron Bologna, pp 10–20
Toumbakari EE (2002) Lime-Pozzolan-Cement grouts and their structural effects on composite masonry walls. Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Sept. 2002, p 364
Toumbakari EE, Van Gemert D, Tassios TP, Tenoutasse N (1999) Effect of mixing procedure on injectability of cementitious grouts. Cem Concr Res 29(1999):867–872
Toumbakari EE, Vintzileou E, Tassios TP, Van Gemert D (2007) Shear behaviour of masonry units and lime-pozzolan-cement grout interfaces. In: Proceedings of 10th NAMC, The Masonry Society, St Louis, Missouri, pp767–776
Valluzzi MR (2000) Comportamento meccanico di murature storiche consolidate con materiali e tecniche a base di calce. PHD Th., Univ. of Trieste, p 276
Valluzzi MR, da Porto F, Modena C (2004) Behaviour and modelling of strengthened three-leaf stone masonry walls. Materials and Structures, Vol 37, April 2004, pp 184–192
Van Rickstal F (2000) Grout injection of masonry, scientific approach and modeling. Departement of Civil Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, May 2000, p 197
Vintzileou E (2011) Three-leaf masonry in compression, before and after grouting: a review of literature. Int J Architect Heritage 5(4–5):513–538
Vintzileou E, Miltiadou-Fezans A (2008) Mecahnical properties of three-leaf stone masonry grouted with ternary or hydraulic lime-based grouts. Engineering structures 30 92008) 2265–2276
Vintzileou E, Adami CE (2009) The bond mechanism in stone- or brick-to-grout interfaces Strain 45:400–409
Vintzileou E, Tassios TP (1995) Three leaf stone masonry strengthened by injecting cement grouts. J Struct Eng ASCE 121(5):848–885
Yüzer N, Oktay D, Ulukaya S, Gökyğit-Arpaci EY (2015) Mechanical behaviour of two-wythe brick masonry walls injected with hydraulic lime grout. In Proceedings of International Conference REHAB2015, 22–24 July 2015, Porto, Portugal
Metadaten
Titel
Strength-Related Data of Grouts
verfasst von
Prof. Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans
Prof. Theodosios P. Tassios
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Buch
Mix-Design and Application of Hydraulic Grouts for Masonry Strengthening

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85964-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-85965-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85965-7_6