1 Introduction
2 Multi-Tasking Formwork
3 Nonlinear 3D Simulation to Evaluate the Structural Performance
3.1 Simulation Parameters
Case | Variables | Contents |
---|---|---|
1 | The number of girders | 2 girder-length 40 m Vs 3 girder-length 50 m |
2 | Loading point | Inner loading.(G2) Vs Outer loading (G1) |
3 | Sectional height | 150 cm, 155 cm, 160 cm |
4 | Prestressing force | G1,2 100 %, 110 %, 120 %, 130 % |
5 | G2 100 %, 110 %, 120 % (G1 100 % fixed) |
3.2 Vehicle-Loaded Bridge Simulation
3.3 Comparison of Two- and Three-Girder Bridge System
Type | Items | G1 | G2 | G3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Two girder | Yielding load (kN) | 2500 | – | |
Yielding displacement (mm) | 89.1 | 86.9 | ||
Max. load (kN) | 2800 | |||
Max. displacement (mm) | 238.5 | 241.4 | ||
Three girder | Yielding load (kN) | 5400 | ||
Yielding displacement (mm) | 145.7 | 116.9 | 111.2 | |
Max. load (kN) | 6400 | |||
Max. displacement (mm) | 157.8 | 110.6 | 48.8 |
3.4 Load Point Variation
3.5 Cross-Section Height Variation
3.6 Prestressing Force Variation
3.7 Outer Girder Prestressing Variation
4 Full-Scale Static Experiment
4.1 Test Specimen Details
Materials | Members | Items | Design values (MPa) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Concrete | Girder | Design strength | 45 | |
Allowable stresses | Compression | 21.6 | ||
Tension | −1.5 | |||
Deck slab | Design strength | 27 | ||
Rebars | Yield strength | 400 | ||
PS strand | Ultimate strength | 1900 | ||
Yield strength | 1600 | |||
Allowable tensile stress | 1280 |
4.2 Test Setup and Data Measurement Details
5 Experimental Results and Discussions
5.1 Load–Displacement Relation
Load step | Load (kN) | Deflection (mm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L/4 | 2L/4 | 3L/4 | |||||
G1 | G2 | G1 | G2 | G1 | G2 | ||
Design load | 450 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 11.3 | 11.7 | 7.3 | 7.74 |
Cracking load | 1400 | 28.4 | 27.64 | 40.5 | 43.8 | 27.2 | 27.58 |
Max. load | 3350 | 90.3 | 87.18 | 139.9 | 141.2 | 88.5 | 87.26 |