Study of the Effect of Welding Current on Heat Transfer and Melt Pool Geometry on Mild Steel Specimen Through Finite Element Analysis

Mild steel is one of the economical and widely used raw materials in engineering applications. The mild steel specimen could be easily fabricated using conventional arc welding, MMA welding, and gas welding process. TIG welding is one of the conventional welding techniques used in precision welding both for ferrous and nonferrous material. However, it is difficult and uneconomical to detect welding penetration and effect of the welding parameter through metallurgical analysis. Numerical analysis of welding process with the help of computational facility is economical with time saving. In this work, a finite elemental model has been developed to simulate the TIG welding process using bead on plate welding. The Gaussian heat model has been used to find the effect of welding current on weld pool geometry. The results showed that welding current has a maximum effect on weld pool’s temperature and geometry. Welding using high current produced high temperature in the weld pool, which leads to high penetration depth in the material. Similarly, the results of the numerical study also showed that with increase in current, the temperature at the center of mild steel increases.