12. Supply Chain Management

The supply chain management team in a manufacturing firm is concerned with the flow of raw materials, basic goods, components, work-in-process and finished goods from suppliers to warehouses, plants, distribution centers, retailers, and finally to the customers. The goal is to minimize throughput times and expenditure costs, while achieving a high level of service to the customers with a clean environment. To accomplish, the team remains vigilant on the use of all technology available to them. Data sharing with the customers and throughout the operation is needed so all can work efficiently. The team applies the technology of scan based tracking, electronic data interchange, bar codes, data matrix barcodes, quick response codes, and radio frequency identification where and when appropriate. In the inventory operations, vendor managed inventory and continuous replenishments are applied when suitable. In transportation, incoterms are applied along with tracing and tracking of the shipments; and whenever feasible, outsourcing and third-party providers are employed. Five examples are sited: a heavy-duty make-to-order manufacturer, a network of men’s shoe stores, an offshore automotive dealership, a replenishments of inventory at retail stores for seasonal style good, and a delivery system to stores for a popular bakery item.