nach oben

Journal of Happiness Studies

Erschienen in:

01.08.2010 | Research Paper

Temperament and Happiness in Children

verfasst von: Mark D. Holder, Andrea Klassen

Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Ausgabe 4/2010

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The relation between temperament and happiness was assessed in 311 children aged 9–12. Parents rated their children’s temperament using the Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability Temperament Survey (EAS) and rated their children’s happiness. Children rated their own temperament using the EAS and the Piers–Harris Self Concept Scale for Children Second Edition, and they rated their own happiness using a single-item measure, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form, and the Subjective Happiness Scale. Parents’ and children’s temperament ratings conformed to the four factor structure proposed by Buss and Plomin(Temperament: Early developing personality traits, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, 1984) supporting the use of children’s self-reports as an additional measure of temperament. Temperament accounted for between 9 and 29% of the variance in children’s happiness depending on the measures. Children who were more social and active, and less shy, emotional, and anxious were happier. These results parallel the well-established relation between happiness and personality in adults; temperament traits akin to extraversion (Sociability) were positively associated with happiness whereas traits akin to neuroticism (Emotionality) were negatively associated with happiness. Additionally, children who were rated higher in the temperament trait Activity were happier.

Vorheriger Artikel Social Capital and Happiness: Additional Cross-Country Evidence

Nächster Artikel Measuring the Happiness of Large-Scale Written Expression: Songs, Blogs, and Presidents

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2006). Measuring happiness with a single-item scale. Social Behavior and Personality, 34, 139–150.CrossRef

Amato, P. R. (1994). Father–child relations, mother–child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 56, 1031–1043.CrossRef

Argyle, M. (2001). The psychology of happiness (2nd ed.). East Sussex, England: Routedge.

Belsky, J., Fish, M., & Isabella, R. (1991). Continuity and discontinuity in infant negative and positive emotionality: Family antecedents and attachment consequences. Developmental Psychology, 27, 421–431.CrossRef

Belsky, J., Hsieh, K. H., & Crnic, K. (1996). Infant positive and negative emotionality: One dimension or two? Developmental Psychology, 32, 289–298.CrossRef

Boer, F., & Westenberg, P. M. (1994). The factor structure of the Buss and Plomin EAS temperament survey (parental ratings) in a Dutch sample of elementary school children. Journal of Personality Assessment, 62, 537–551.CrossRef

Brebner, J. U., Donaldson, J., Kirby, N., & Ward, L. (1995). Relationships between happiness and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 251–258.CrossRef

Buss, A. H., & Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament: Early developing personality traits. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Callaway, R. J. (2009). Confirmatory factor analyses of two social-desirability scales and the investigation of their contribution to measures of well-being. Unpublished Masters thesis.

Chang, L., McBride-Chang, C., Stewart, S. M., & Au, E. (2003). Life satisfaction, self concept, and family relations in Chinese adolescents and children. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 27, 182–189.CrossRef

Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. (2003). Personality, self-esteem, and demographic predictions of happiness and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 921–942.CrossRef

Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 668–678.CrossRef

Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1994). Stability and change in personality from adolescence through adulthood. In C. F. Halverson Jr, G. A. Kohnstamm, & R. P. Martin (Eds.), The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood (pp. 139–150). Hillsdale, NJ, England: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc Inc.

Cruise, S. M., Lewis, C. A., & McGukin, C. (2006). Internal consistency, reliability, and temporal stability of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire short-form: Test–retest data over two weeks. Social Behavior and Personality, 34, 123–126.CrossRef

Demir, M., & Weitekamp, L. A. (2006). I am so happy cause today I found my friend: Friendship and personality and predictors of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8, 181–211.CrossRef

DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197–229.CrossRef

Denham, S. A. (1998). Emotional development in young children. New York: The Guilford Press.

Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31, 103–157.CrossRef

Diener, M. L., & Lucas, R. E. (2004). Adults’ desires for children’s emotions across 48 countries: Association with individual and national characteristics. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 525–547.CrossRef

Dubbert, P. M. (2002). Physical activity and exercise: Recent advances and current challenges. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 526–536.CrossRef

Efklides, A., Kalaitzidou, M., & Chankin, G. (2003). Subjective quality of life in old age in Greece. European Psychologist, 8, 178–191.CrossRef

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Murphy, B. (1995). The role of emotionality and regulation in children’s social functioning: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 66, 1360–1384.CrossRef

Ellison, C. G. (1991). Religious involvement and subjective well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 32, 80–99.CrossRef

Else-Quest, N. M., Hyde, J. S., Goldsmith, H. H., & Van Hulle, C. A. (2006). Gender differences in temperament: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 33–72.CrossRef

Eysenck, H. J. (1986). Models and paradigms in personality research. In A. Angleitner, A. Furnham, & G. Van Heck (Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe, vol 2, current trends and controversies (pp. 213–223). Lisse, The Netherland: Swets and Zeitlinger.

Francis, L. J., Brown, L. B., Lester, D., & Philipchalk, R. (1998). Happiness as stable extraversion: A cross-cultural examination of the reliability and validity of the Oxford Happiness Inventory among students in the UK, USA, Australia, and Canada. Personality and Individual Differences, 24(16), 7–171.

Funder, D. C. (1991). Global traits: A neo-Allportian approach to personality. Psychological Science, 2, 31–39.CrossRef

Furnham, A., & Brewin, C. R. (1990). Personality and happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1093–1096.CrossRef

Furnham, A., & Cheng, H. (2000). Perceived parental behaviour, self-esteem and happiness. Society of Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35, 463–470.CrossRef

Gasman, I., Purper-Ouakil, D., Michel, G., Mouren-Simeoni, M.-C., Bouvard, M., Perez-Diaz, F., et al. (2002). Cross-cultural assessment of childhood temperament: A confirmatory factor analysis of the French emotionality activity and sociability (EAS) questionnaire. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 11, 101–107.CrossRef

Harry, J. (1976). Evolving sources of happiness for men over the life cycle: A structural analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 42, 289–296.CrossRef

Heaven, P. C. L. (1989). Extraversion, neuroticism and satisfaction with life among adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 489–492.CrossRef

Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (1998). Positive moods derived from leisure and their relationship to happiness and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 523–535.CrossRef

Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2001). Happiness, introversion–extraversion and happy introverts. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 595–608.CrossRef

Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1071–1082.CrossRef

Holder, M. D., & Coleman, B. (2008). The contribution of temperament, popularity, and physical appearance to children’s happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 279–302.CrossRef

Holder, M. D., & Coleman, B. (2009). The contribution of social relationships to children’s happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 329–349.CrossRef

Holder, M. D., Coleman, B., & Sehn, Z. (2009a). The contribution of active and passive leisure to children’s well-being. Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 378–386.CrossRef

Holder, M. D., Coleman, B., & Wallace, J. M. (2009b). Spirituality, religiousness, and happiness in children aged 8–12 years. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 329–349.CrossRef

Huebner, E. S. (1991). Correlates of life satisfaction in children. School Psychology Quarterly, 6, 103–111.CrossRef

Karp, J., Servin, L. A., Stack, D. M., & Schwartzman, A. E. (2004). An observational measure of children’s behavioural style: Evidence supporting a multi-method approach to studying temperament. Infant and Child Development, 13, 135–158.CrossRef

Karrass, J., & Braungart-Rieker, J. M. (2004). Infant negative emotionality and attachment: Implications for preschool intelligence. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 28, 221–229.CrossRef

Kashdan, T. B. (2004). The assessment of subjective well-being (issues raised by the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire). Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1225–1232.CrossRef

Kelley, B. S., & Miller, L. (2007). Life satisfaction and spirituality in adolescents. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 18, 233–262.CrossRef

Leerkes, E. M., & Crockenberg, S. C. (2003). The impact of maternal characteristics and sensitivity on the concordance between maternal reports and laboratory observations of infant negative emotionality. Infancy, 4, 517–539.CrossRef

Lepper, H. S. (1998). Use of other-reports to validate subjective well-being measures. Social Indicators Research, 44, 367–379.CrossRef

Lu, L., & Lin, Y. Y. (1998). Family roles and happiness in adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 195–207.CrossRef

Lucas, R. E., & Donnellan, M. B. (2007). How stable is happiness? Using the STARTS model to estimate the stability of life satisfaction. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 1091–1098.CrossRef

Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803–855.CrossRef

Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137–155.CrossRef

MacDonald, P. M., & Kirkparick, S. W. (1996). Schematic drawings of facial expression for emotion recognition and interpretation by preschool-aged children. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 122, 373–388.

Mahon, N. E., & Yarcheski, A. (2002). Alternative theories of happiness in early adolescents. Clinical Nursing Research, 11, 306–323.CrossRef

Marsh, H. W., & Holmes, I. W. (1990). Multidimensional self-concepts: Construct validation of responses by children. American Educational Research Journal, 27, 89–117.

Masi, G., Mucci, M., Favilla, L., Brovedani, P., Millepiedi, S., & Perugi, G. (2003). Temperament in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders and in their families. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 33, 245–259.CrossRef

McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1991). Adding liege and arbeit: The full five-factor model and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 227–232.CrossRef

McKnight, C. G., Huebner, E. S., & Suldo, S. (2002). Relationships among stressful life events, temperament, problem behavior, and global life satisfaction in adolescents. Psychology in the Schools, 39, 677–687.CrossRef

Pavot, W., Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1990). Extraversion and happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1299–1306.CrossRef

Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beermann, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 149–156.CrossRef

Piers, E. V., & Herzberg, D. S. (2002). Manual for the Piers–Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2001). Gender differences in self-concept and psychological well-being in old age: A meta-analysis. Journal of Gerontology, 56B, 195–213.

Posner, M. I., Rothbart, M. K., & Sheese, B. E. (2007). Attention genes. Developmental Science, 10, 24–29.CrossRef

Proctor, C. L., Linley, P. A., & Maltby, J. (2009). Youth life satisfaction: A review of the literature. Journal of Happiness Studies (in press).

Rebok, G., Riley, A., Forrest, C., Starfield, B., Green, B., Robertson, J., et al. (2001). Elementary school-aged children’s reports of their health: A cognitive interviewing style. Quality of Life Research, 10, 59–70.CrossRef

Rigby, K. (1987). ‘Faking good’ with self-reported pro-authority attitudes and behaviours among schoolchildren. Personality and Individual Differences, 8, 445–447.CrossRef

Roberts, B. W., & DelVecchio, W. F. (2000). The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 3–25.CrossRef

Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Temperament, development, and personality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 207–212.CrossRef

Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., & Evans, D. E. (2000). Temperament and personality: Origins and outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 122–135.CrossRef

Schultz, D., Izard, C. E., & Bear, G. G. (2004). Emotionality, emotion information processing, and aggression. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 371–387.CrossRef

Seifer, R., Sameroff, A., & Dickstein, S. (2004). Your own children are special: Clues to the sources of reporting bias in temperament assessments. Infant Behaviour and Development, 27, 323–341.CrossRef

Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., & Park, N. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60, 410–421.CrossRef

Seligson, J. L., Huebner, E. S., & Valois, R. F. (2005). An investigation of a brief life satisfaction scale with elementary school children. Social Indicators Research, 73, 355–374.CrossRef

Shields, B. J., Cohen, D. M., Harbeck-Weber, C., Powers, J. D., & Smith, G. A. (2003). Pediatric pain measurement using a visual analogue scale: A comparison of two teaching methods. Clinical Pediatrics, 22, 7–234.

Shiner, R. L. (1998). How shall we speak of children’s personalities in middle childhood? A preliminary taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 308–332.CrossRef

Shiner, R., & Caspi, A. (2003). Personality differences in childhood and adolescence: Measurement, development and consequences. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 2–32.CrossRef

Singh, K. (2007). Relationship between big five personality and constructs of positive psychology. Sutra: The Journal for Research on Education, Psychology, Traditional Sciences & Systems, Health and Consciousness, 1, 129–137.

Stull, D. E. (1988). A dyadic approach to predicting well-being later in life. Research of Aging, 10, 81–101.CrossRef

Suh, E. M. (2007). Downsides of an overly context-sensitive self: Implications from the culture and subjective well-being research. Journal of Personality, 75, 1321–1343.CrossRef

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon.

Tkach, C., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How do people pursue happiness? Relating personality, happiness-increasing strategies and well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 183–225.CrossRef

Vaughn, B. E., Taraldson, B. J., Cuchton, L., & Egeland, B. (2002). The assessment of infant temperament: A critique of the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Infant Behaviour and Development, 25, 98–112.CrossRef

Weinstein, S. M., & Mermelstein, R. (2007). Relations between daily activities and adolescent mood: The role of autonomy. Journal of Clinical and Adolescent Psychology, 36, 182–194.

Whitesell, N. R., & Harter, S. (1989). Children’s reports of conflict between simultaneous opposite-valence emotions. Child Development, 60, 673–682.CrossRef

Titel: Temperament and Happiness in Children
verfasst von: Mark D. Holder
Andrea Klassen
Publikationsdatum: 01.08.2010
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies / Ausgabe 4/2010
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-9149-2

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2010

Does Needs Satisfaction Matter for Psychological and Subjective Wellbeing in Developing Countries: A Mixed-Methods Illustration from Bangladesh and Thailand

Children and Life Satisfaction

Communicating and Philosophizing About Authenticity or Inauthenticity in a Fast-Paced World

Measuring the Happiness of Large-Scale Written Expression: Songs, Blogs, and Presidents

Do Inferences about Age Differences in Emotional Experience Depend on the Parameters Analyzed?

Social Capital and Happiness: Additional Cross-Country Evidence