Testing and Inspection Using Acceptance Sampling Plans

verfasst von: Prof. Muhammad Aslam, Prof. Mir Masoom Ali

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book introduces a number of new sampling plans, such as time truncated life tests, skip sampling plans, resubmitted plans, mixed sampling plans, sampling plans based on the process capability index and plans for big data, which can be used for testing and inspecting products, from the raw-materials stage to the final product, in every industry using statistical process control techniques. It also presents the statistical theory, methodology and applications of acceptance sampling from truncated life tests.

Further, it discusses the latest reliability, quality and risk analysis methods based on acceptance sampling from truncated life, which engineering and statisticians require in order to make decisions, and which are also useful for researchers in the areas of quality control, lifetime analysis, censored data analysis, goodness-of-fit and statistical software applications.

In its nine chapters, the book addresses a wide range of testing/inspection sampling schemes for discrete and continuous data collected in various production processes. It includes a chapter on sampling plans for big data and offers several illustrative examples of the procedures presented. Requiring a basic knowledge of probability distributions, inference and estimation, and lifetime and quality analysis, it is a valuable resource for graduate and senior undergraduate engineering students, and practicing engineers, more specifically it is useful for quality engineers, reliability engineers, consultants, black belts, master black belts, students and researchers interested in applying reliability and risk and quality methods.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction

Abstract

Acceptance sampling is an important field of statistical quality control (SQC) to inspect the final product before it can be realized for consumers’ use. Acceptance sampling in its present form is due to the US Inspection Engineering Department. With the advent of the twenty-first century, many research papers in this field have been published in various statistical, engineering, medical, environment, and quality control journals. Due to the changing modern technologies, companies all over the world are producing millions of electronic items including computers, mobile phones, automobiles, etc. So, the testing of these types of products also needs the acceptance sampling plan schemes. To solve the life testing problems of these types of electronic components, both the producers and the consumers need efficient acceptance sampling plan schemes.

Muhammad Aslam, Mir Masoom Ali

Chapter 2. Some Life Distributions

Abstract

In this chapter, several life distributions, which are used in statistical quality control, are considered along with few of the characteristics of these distributions. Most of these distributions are considered in the subsequent chapters.

Muhammad Aslam, Mir Masoom Ali

Chapter 3. Acceptance Sampling from Truncated Life Tests

Abstract

Acceptance sampling approach is helpful in reducing the cost and time of the inspection of a submitted product. In this modern era, the reliability of the products is very high. The experimenters may wait a long time to record the required numbers of failures. Therefore, the time truncated life tests in sampling plans are used to reach a decision quickly. In time truncated life tests, the number of failures and time of the experiment are fixed. In this chapter, we will focus on acceptance sampling plans under truncated life tests.

Muhammad Aslam, Mir Masoom Ali

Chapter 4. Acceptance Sampling Based on Life Tests from Some Specific Distributions

Abstract

During the manufacturing process of a product, the manufacturer is very careful from the initial raw material to the final stage of the product. He always tries to enhance the quality level of the product. But if even the product is manufactured using the same machines, in the same laboratory, using the same manpower and environment and at the same temperature level, there may be still variation in the lifetime/failure time of the product. These failure times or lifetimes of the product are always fitted to some statistical distributions. Failure and repair times of electronic components are random and unpredictable in nature. But, the failure time of an electronic component can be modeled using statistical distributions and they are used in acceptance sampling. Distribution theory plays an important role in life testing of products. Many lifetime distributions have been widely used in the areas of quality control, reliability analysis and acceptance sampling plans which include such distributions as Birnbaum–Saunders distribution, Burr type XII distribution, generalized Birnbaum–Saunders distribution, generalized exponential distribution, generalized Rayleigh distribution, inverse Rayleigh distribution, inverse Gaussian distribution, log-logistic distribution and lognormal distribution. In this chapter, we will focus on these distributions to develop the acceptance sampling plans based on truncated life tests.

Muhammad Aslam, Mir Masoom Ali

Chapter 5. Some Group Acceptance Sampling Based on Life Tests from Some Specific Distributions

Abstract

Recently, group sampling plans based on truncated life tests have attracted the researchers, industries, practitioners and experimenters working in the areas of acceptance sampling and reliability analysis due to the several advantages over the ordinary acceptance sampling plans. In ordinary acceptance sampling plan schemes, single item is installed on a single tester that requires the number of testers to be equal to the sample size, manpower, cost and time to install the item in the testers. On the other hand, group sampling plans are used under the assumption that the experimenter has the facility to install more than one item in single tester called group. It provides the strict inspection of the product and protection to producer and consumer. In this chapter, we will discuss group sampling plans under various lifetime distributions including Birnbaum–Saunders distribution, Burr type XII distribution, gamma distribution, generalized Birnbaum–Saunders distribution, generalized exponential distribution, generalized Rayleigh distribution, inverse Gaussian distribution, inverse Rayleigh distribution, log-logistic distribution, lognormal distribution, Pareto distribution of the second kind and the Weibull distribution.

Muhammad Aslam, Mir Masoom Ali

Chapter 6. Skip-Lot Sampling Plans

Abstract

Skip-lot sampling plans (SkSP) have been widely used in the industry where the lots come serially from the continuous production process and submitted for inspection. These sampling plans can be applied on attribute data and variable data. The operational procedure of SkSP scheme is different from the single sampling plan. A lot from the production process is inspected, and numbers of non-conforming items are counted. The lot of product is accepted if the numbers of non-confirming items are smaller than the specified allowed number of failures. When the specified number of lots has been accepted, some lots are skipped and accepted without inspection. The investigation of SkSP sampling plans with references to single, double and repetitive sampling makes it more efficient to reduce cost, time and sample size than the traditional single and double sampling plans. In this chapter, a verity of SkSP sampling plans such as Skip-V plans, Skip-R plans, the design of Skip-V plans and Skip-R plans, the economic aspects of these sampling plans and SkSP sampling with references to some single and double sampling plans are discussed.

Muhammad Aslam, Mir Masoom Ali

Chapter 7. Sampling Plans Using Process Capability Index (PCI)

Abstract

The Process Capability Index (PCI) has been widely used in the industry to manage the quality of product. It has become an important tool of Statistical Process Control (SPC) for the continuous improvement of the quality. The PCIs are used to make a relationship between process quality and specifications limits and take into consideration both magnitude of process variance and process departure from the average. The PCIs are very useful to specify the number of non-conforming per million. The traditional sampling plans as mentioned in above chapters do not consider specifications limits to make final decision about the submitted lot of product. So, these plans can be used when the aim is to monitoring or inspection of lot through PCIs. Incorporating PCIs in the sampling plan makes it more attractive for the lot inspection where upper and lower specifications are given by the customer or producer or both. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to introduce some sampling plans using PCIs and application in the industry. So, in this chapter, we will focus on some latest sampling schemes using PCIs such as Repetitive Sampling using PCI, Resubmitted sampling using PCIs and some mixed plans using PCIs.

Muhammad Aslam, Mir Masoom Ali

Chapter 8. Sampling Plan for Big Data

Abstract

In previous chapters, the various sampling plans discussed were for small data obtained from the industry. In this modern era of big data, there are several situations where the data is obtained for the inspection or lot sentencing of the product from a huge data set. The study of big data has been becoming popular day by day, especially for the inspection of marine data, rail inspection data, ocean data and cloud data. For the inspection of big data from these important fields, the traditional sampling plans can be applied to lot sentencing or to the inspection of the data. In this chapter, we will focus on introducing the sampling plans for the inspection of big data. So, in this chapter an attempt is made to briefly focus on the introduction of big data, application of big data in quality control, inspection for big data, sampling plans for big data and application of sampling plan for big data using some important published work in this field.

Muhammad Aslam, Mir Masoom Ali

Chapter 9. Miscellaneous Acceptance Sampling Plans

Abstract

In addition to sampling plans discussed in the previous chapters, there are some other sampling plans which are used in various situations. Incorporating the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) makes the traditional sampling plan more efficient in reducing the cost and time of inspection. Sampling plans using some loss function are also used due to their advantages over the traditional sampling plans. Hybrid-type sampling plans are proposed by mixing two EWMA statistics which makes it more economical for inspection of the lots. In this chapter, several sample schemes which are widely used in the industry for the inspection of the submitted products, such as Bayesian sampling plan, sampling plan using loss function, sampling plans using EWMA and hybrid sampling plan, are discussed. In previous chapters, the various lifetime distributions, ordinary acceptance sampling schemes, and group acceptance sampling plans are discussed. In this chapter, several other sample schemes that are widely used in the industry for the inspection of the submitted products. The main aim of the chapter is to discuss the Skip-II and Skip-V acceptance sampling schemes, attribute plans, resubmitted acceptance sampling plans, variable plans using the process loss function, and the double variable plans using the process loss function.

Muhammad Aslam, Mir Masoom Ali

Titel: Testing and Inspection Using Acceptance Sampling Plans
verfasst von: Prof. Muhammad Aslam
Prof. Mir Masoom Ali
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN: 978-981-13-9306-8
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-9305-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9306-8