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Erschienen in:
Introduction: More Responsible Researchers and Innovators? Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. The Basics of Responsible Research and Innovation

verfasst von : Doris Schroeder, Konstantinos Iatridis

Erschienen in: Responsible Research and Innovation in Industry

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Responsible research and innovation (RRI) is a newly emerging governance framework, promoted initially by public funders of research. This chapter explains the concept by defining its individual elements (responsibility, research and innovation). Three case studies are given: one from South Africa, where indigenous community involvement provided a significant lead for a health innovation; one from Germany, where end-user involvement in the innovation process led to faster and less contentious market entry; and one from India, where an innovation significantly improved the lives of the poorest girls and women. The concepts of responsiveness, inclusiveness and providing a societal good are illustrated through the case studies, mapped against policy and academic work on RRI and derived from the earlier discussions of responsibility.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Introduction: More Responsible Researchers and Innovators?
Nächstes Kapitel The Basics of Corporate Responsibility
Fußnoten
1
An elementary particle in physics.
 
2
For instance, Raz (2001) argues that people are responsible for their own biases and ‘other distortions of their cognitive functioning’ and therefore are also responsible for failed judgements coloured by bias. He calls this epistemic responsibility.
 
3
Grimm, author of Shopping hilft die Welt verbessern (2009).
 
4
On 24 April 2013, an eight-storey commercial building collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The building hosted mostly garment factories; the accident killed 1129 people and left many more with serious disabilities (Butler 2013).
 
5
CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement with 180 parties. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival (http://​www.​cites.​org).
 
6
Employment tribunals are set up by the UK government specifically in order to resolve disputes between employers and employees over employment rights.
 
7
Contract law is a framework for regulating voluntary exchange transactions, such as employment contracts. One may wonder why legal and contractual responsibilities should be separated. However, the distinction is not only routinely made (Werner 2013:41), but helpful in untangling the complexity of obligations companies face (see next section).
 
8
For an excellent argument on moving care and empathy into the centre of ethical thinking, see Slote (2007).
 
9
See, for instance, Argumedo and Pimbert (2006).
 
10
An arid region extending through Namibia and South Africa.
 
11
5-HT, also known as serotonin, is a hormone and neurotransmitter, an imbalance of which is likely to play a role in depression. When its reuptake is inhibited, more serotonin is available within the body.
 
12
This is an important point in dealing with benefit sharing (see Wynberg et al. 2009).
 
13
Personal communication from Nigel Gericke to Doris Schroeder, 2 April 2015.
 
14
Importantly, the San representatives decided that the income from this benefit-sharing agreement was to be shared fifty-fifty with the two communities in Namaqualand that had provided the information on the addiction potential of Sceletium.
 
15
All information for this case study was taken from Responsible-Industry (n.d.).
 
16
In rural India, girls are likely to drop out of school with the onset of menstruation.
 
17
Income distribution data through personal communication from Thomas Pogge based on 2011 data from Branko Milanovic, World Bank. In 5 % steps, the shares are as follows: 0.130, 0.199, 0.248, 0.297, 0.349, 0.413, 0.493, 0.600, 0.741, 0.920, 1.167, 1.515, 1.976, 2.587, 3.396, 4.514, 6.678, 11.520, 19.487 and 42.768 %; world population at the time 7 billion.
 
18
It has been argued that ‘base of the pyramid’ would be a more politically correct term. However, since the majority of authors use the term ‘bottom of the pyramid’, we have chosen to do so as well, for consistency with the existing literature.
 
19
All information in the table from Prahalad (2014:52–71).
 
20
For more information on corporate responsibility, see Chap. 3.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
The Basics of Responsible Research and Innovation
verfasst von
Doris Schroeder
Konstantinos Iatridis
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Buch
Responsible Research and Innovation in Industry

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21692-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-21693-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21693-5_2