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2022 | Buch

Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

The Collapse Frequency of Structures

Bridges - Dams - Tunnels - Retaining structures - Buildings

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Dirk Proske

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

The mathematical verification of the safety of structures can be done by determining the probability of failure or by using safety elements. Observed damages and collapses are usually assessed within the framework of expert reports, which seems reasonable due to the large number of unique structures in the construction industry. However, there should also be an examination of observed safety across all structures.
Therefore, in this book the collapse frequencies are determined for different types of structures, such as bridges, dams, tunnels, retaining structures and buildings. The collapse frequency, like the failure probability, belongs to stochasticity. Therefore, the observed mean collapse frequencies and the calculated mean failure probabilities are compared. This comparison shows that the collapse frequencies are usually lower than the calculated failure probabilities. In addition, core damage frequencies and probabilities are given to extend the comparison to another technical product.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction and Initial Position

Abstract

Human life in and with buildings is an integral part of the daily experience of almost all people on earth. People practically live in a built environment. Figure 1.1 shows an image of the city of Tokyo as an example of this. The presence and use of a technical product on this scale is unique and indicates overwhelming benefits for humanity.

Dirk Proske

Chapter 2. Preliminary Considerations

Abstract

The subjects of this book are buildings and structures, collapses, collapse frequencies and failure probabilities. The four terms are briefly explained in this chapter.

Dirk Proske

Chapter 3. Bridges

Abstract

Bridge structures are an essential part of the infrastructure in almost all countries of the world. They ensure the functionality and thus the maintenance of modern human societies, which are characterised by high flows of information, energy and materials.

Dirk Proske

Chapter 4. Dams

Abstract

Dams form an essential part of the infrastructure in developing and developed countries. They can be part of the roadway to meet the required gradients or act as a barrier structure or impoundment.

Dirk Proske

Chapter 5. Tunnel

Abstract

The same starting point applies to tunnels as to bridges with regard to the exponentially increasing volume of traffic. For this reason, numerous extraordinary tunnel construction projects have been planned and implemented in recent years, such as the Eurotunnel and the Gotthard Base Tunnel, or are still under construction, such as the Brenner Base Tunnel.

Dirk Proske

Chapter 6. Retaining Structures

Abstract

Like bridges, tunnels, or dams, retaining structures belong to the infrastructure. Retaining structures were certainly used during or shortly after the introduction of stone buildings. For this reason, it is estimated here that the first retaining structures were built at least about 6000 years ago.

Dirk Proske

Chapter 7. Buildings and Structures

Abstract

The first structures in the form of huts were probably erected at the beginning of the Neolithic period (Mann 1991). The first massive temple complex in Turkey was built more than 11,000 years ago (Mann 2011). Massive buildings are likely to have been erected regularly from around 9,000 years ago (Mann 1991) and to have formed the first settlements relatively quickly.

Dirk Proske

Chapter 8. Stadiums

Abstract

Stadiums are a special type of buildings and structures. The construction of stadiums has a long history. The Colosseum in Rome is particularly famous, but many other cities, such as Delphi and Olympia, also had and still have historic stadiums. Stadiums have therefore been built for at least 2,500 years.

Dirk Proske

Chapter 9. Wind Turbines

Abstract

Wind energy has been used purposefully by humans for almost 4,000 years. The focus was often on pumping water, but also on processing food or mechanical engineering. In the middle of the nineteenth century, there were probably 200,000 windmills in Europe (IG Windkraft). However, these were replaced by motors. Wind turbines have been built since the end of the nineteenth century.

Dirk Proske

Chapter 10. Nuclear Power Plants

Abstract

So far, the discussion has taken place for the types of structures bridges, dams, tunnels, retaining structures, buildings, stadiums and wind turbines. Other types of structures are tanks and towers. However, no systematic studies are available for these at the moment.

Dirk Proske

Chapter 11. Concluding Remarks

Abstract

In this chapter, the results of the previous chapters are summarized and interpreted. The limitations of the comparison and possible further work steps are discussed once again. In summary, it can be stated that for practically all types of structures, the calculated median failure probabilities are above the observed median collapse frequencies.

Dirk Proske

Titel: The Collapse Frequency of Structures
verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Dirk Proske
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-97247-9
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-97246-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97247-9