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Erschienen in:
The Education of a Young Hegelian Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. The Critique of Liberalism

verfasst von : Stefano Petrucciani

Erschienen in: The Ideas of Karl Marx

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter analyzes the first original elaboration of Marx’s political philosophy, expounded in the Jewish Question and in the writings of the same period. One of the main themes of this phase of the Marxian thought is the critique of the “Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen”; according to him, the Declaration only expresses the principles of bourgeois emancipation, which have little to do with the real human emancipation that is the aim of Marx’s politics.

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Vorheriges Kapitel The Education of a Young Hegelian
Nächstes Kapitel The Discovery of Economics
Fußnoten
1
For a provoking reflection on this point, see: Emmanuel Renault, Marx et l’idée de critique (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1995), esp. Ch. 2.
 
2
Karl Marx, “Letters from the Deutsch-Französische, Jahrbücher” in Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 3 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 2010), 142.
 
3
Ibid.
 
4
Ibid., 143.
 
5
Ibid., 144.
 
6
Ibid., 143.
 
7
Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 3 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 2010), 416.
 
8
For a more careful assessment of Bauer’s position, cf. the introduction to: Massimiliano Tomba, ed. La questione ebraica (Roma: Manifestolibri, 2004). See also: Massimiliano Tomba, Crisi e critica in Bruno Bauer. Il principio di esclusione come fondamento del politico (Napoli: Bibliopolis, 2002).
 
9
Karl Marx, “On the Jewish Question,” in Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 3 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 2010), 153.
 
10
Domenico Losurdo, instead, focused on the faults of actually existing liberalism, see, for example: Domenico Losurdo, Liberalism: A Counter-History (London: Verso, 2011).
 
11
Marx, “On the Jewish Question,” 155.
 
12
An interesting discussion of Marx’s critique of human rights is developed by: Allen E. Buchanan, Marx and Justice: The Radical Critique of Liberalism (London: Methuen, 1982).
 
13
Marx, “On the Jewish Question,” 153.
 
14
Declaration of the Rights of Man, 1789.
 
15
Marx, “On the Jewish Question,” 164.
 
16
Concerning freedom in Marx, a necessary read is: George G. Brenkers, Marx’s Ethics of Freedom (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983). See also the important essay: Aldo Zanardo, “La teoria della libertà nel pensiero giovanile di Marx,” Studi Storici VII, no. 1 (1966).
 
17
Declaration of the Rights of Man, 1789.
 
18
Cf. Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, “The Holy Family,” in Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 4 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 2010), 131; Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, “The German Ideology,” in Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 5 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 2010), 81, 301.
 
19
Marx, “On the Jewish Question,” 162.
 
20
Ibid., 162–63.
 
21
Ibid., 163.
 
22
Ibid.
 
23
Ibid.
 
24
Ibid.
 
25
Ibid., 164.
 
26
Ibid., 164–65.
 
27
Ibid., 165.
 
28
Ibid., 167.
 
29
Ibid., 168.
 
30
Ibid., 156.
 
31
This point has been insightfully captured by Domenico Losurdo, who thusly summarized Marx’s position, «there is no real contradiction, but rather reciprocal affirmation, between political State and civil society: the public sphere is merely the political consecration of an inviolable private sphere»: Domenico Losurdo, “Stato e ideologia nel giovane Marx,” Studi urbinati XLIV, no. 1–2, 180.
 
32
Marx, “On the Jewish Question,” 154.
 
33
Ibid.
 
34
Ludwig Feuerbach, The Essence of Christianity (New York: Prometheus Books, 1989), 1–2.
 
35
The young Marx’s position is thus precisely stated by: Roberto Finelli, Un parricidio mancato. Hegel e il giovane Marx (Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 2004), 236. Finelli, incidentally, is harshly critical of this Marx who dreams of an originary communitarian humanity; but we shall return on this point later.
 
36
Marx, “On the Jewish Question,” 172.
 
37
Ibid., 174.
 
38
Ibid., 168.
 
39
Karl Marx, “Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law. Introduction,” in Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 3 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 2010), 175–76.
 
40
Ibid., 176.
 
41
Ibid.
 
42
Ibid., 180.
 
43
Ibid., 181.
 
44
Ibid., 182.
 
45
Ibid., 181.
 
46
Ibid., 182.
 
47
Ibid.
 
48
Non-contemporaneity, a decisive theme for Marx’s historical reflection, has been particularly emphasized by Ernst Bloch. Recently, the same theme has been reprised by: Massimiliano Tomba, “Il materialista storico al lavoro. La storiografia politica del ‘Diciotto Brumaio’,” in Pensare con Marx. Ripensare Marx, ed. Cinzia Arruzza (Roma: Edizoni Alegre, 2008).
 
49
Marx, “Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law. Introduction,” 182.
 
50
Ibid., 183.
 
51
Ibid.
 
52
Ibid., 184–85.
 
53
Ibid., 185.
 
54
Ibid., 186.
 
55
Ibid., 187.
 
56
Ibid., 186.
 
57
Ibid.
 
58
Ibid., 187.
 
59
Ibid.
 
60
In: Marx, and Engels, Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 3, 189–206.
 
61
Karl Marx, “Critical Marginal Notes on the Article ‘The King of Prussia and Social Reform. By a Prussian’,” in Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 3 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 2010), 195.
 
62
Ibid., 197–98.
 
63
Ibid., 198.
 
64
Ibid.
 
65
Ibid., 199.
 
66
Ibid., 201.
 
67
Ibid., 205.
 
68
Ibid., 206.
 
Metadaten
Titel
The Critique of Liberalism
verfasst von
Stefano Petrucciani
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Buch
The Ideas of Karl Marx

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-52350-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-52351-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52351-0_2