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2018 | Buch

The Evolution and Significance of the Cuban Revolution

The Light in the Darkness

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The book interprets the Cuban revolutionary movement from 1868 to 1959 as a continuous process that sought political independence and social and economic transformation of colonial and neocolonial structures. Cuba is a symbol of hope for the Third World. The Cuban Revolution took power from a national elite subordinate to foreign capital, and placed it in the hands of the people; and it subsequently developed alternative structures of popular democracy that have functioned to keep delegates of the people in power. While Cuba has persisted, the peoples of the Third World, knocked down by the neoliberal project, have found social movement and political life, a renewal that is especially evident in Latin America and the Non-Aligned Movement. At the same time, the capitalist world-economy increasingly reveals its unsustainability, and the global elite demonstrate its incapacity to respond to a multifaceted and sustained global crisis. These dynamics establish conditions for popular democratic socialist revolutions in the North.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. The Global and Historical Context
Abstract
This chapter provides a historical and global context for understanding the Cuban Revolution and its meaning. It describes the structures of the world-system, the historical development of the world-system, the spectacular ascent of the USA, the role of imperialist policies, and the characteristics of neocolonialism.
Charles McKelvey
Chapter 2. The Cuban Anti-colonial Revolution
Abstract
This chapter describes the economic structures of Spanish colonialism and the emergence of an anti-colonial revolution. The revolutionary war of independence of 1868–1878 failed to attain its goals, as a result of internal divisions. In the 1880s, José Martí was able to unify the revolution on the basis of the principles of independence from Spain and the creation of an inclusive republic, by all and for the good of all. He led the revolution in the launching of second revolutionary war in 1895, but the US intervention of 1898 prevented its triumph. Under US supervision, the Constitution of 1901 was “made in the USA.” In the first 20 years of the republic, US economic and ideological penetration increased significantly. A neocolonial republic was consolidated.
Charles McKelvey
Chapter 3. The Failure of the Cuban Neocolonial Republic
Abstract
This chapter emphasizes the limitations of the Cuban system of representative democracy from the period 1920 to 1951, including its defense of the interests of national and international elites, and its incapacity to provide for the basic needs of the people. It depicts popular movements as forged by various popular sectors of whites, blacks, mulattoes, women and men, workers, peasants, and professionals, integrating issues of class, race, and gender with anti-imperialism. It also notes the failures of the reformist projects of elected presidents, Gerardo Machado and Ramón Grau.
Charles McKelvey
Chapter 4. The Taking of Power by the People
Abstract
This chapter interprets the triumph of the Cuban Revolution as a consequence of (1) the characteristics of Cuban political culture and (2) the exceptional capacities of Fidel Castro. Cuban political culture was characterized by a belief in heroism and in human possibilities, in spite of the disappointments of the neocolonial republic. Fidel was an exceptional political actor who understood Cuban political culture, who combined theoretical and historical reflection with commonsense intelligence, and who was committed to ethical and revolutionary values. Led by Fidel, the revolution was able to unify various tendencies in order to take power and to consolidate its power through decisive action in defense of popular interests and needs. In the process, Fidel contributed to the evolution of Marxist-Leninist theory.
Charles McKelvey
Chapter 5. The Cuban Revolutionary Project
Abstract
This chapter describes seven stages in the development of the Cuban revolutionary project: national liberation, 1959–1961; Cuban socialism based on industrial development, 1961–1965; Cuban socialism based on sugar exportation, 1966–1970; institutionalization, 1970–1985; rectification of errors, 1986–1989; special period, 1989–2001; and integration into the Latin American revolution, 2001 to the present. It explains the Cuban structures of popular democracy, developed as an alternative to representative democracy. It further develops previous discussion of charismatic authority and leadership, and it describes the role of the Cuban Communist Party in the Cuban political process.
Charles McKelvey
Chapter 6. The Structural Crisis of the Neocolonial World-System
Abstract
This chapter provides an analysis of the sustained structural crisis of the world-system, which showed its first symptoms in the 1970s, and which has resulted from the fact that the world-system has reached the geographical limits of the earth. It notes the symptoms of the crisis: the elimination of the gold standard; the US double deficit; neoliberal economic policies; factory relocation; escalating financial speculation; and new wars of aggression by the core powers, led by the USA. This chapter also observes the relative economic decline of the USA and its increasing reliance on military action. It maintains that the US economic and military attacks on the Third World violate the rules of neocolonial domination, which it developed during the period 1933 to 1965.
Charles McKelvey
Chapter 7. The Third World Project of National and Social Liberation
Abstract
This chapter reviews the Third World project of the national and social liberation of the period 1946 to 1979, formulated by the giants of the anti-colonial struggles of the Third World. It analyzes the derailing of the Third World project, in conjunction with the imposition of the neoliberal project, with the cooperation of accommodationists of the Third World, powerfully criticized by Fidel. This chapter maintains that there has been a renewal of the Third World project of since 1994. In Latin America, a political change has occurred, represented by ALBA, UNASUR, and CELAC. In the Third World as a whole, the renewal is evident in the formation of BRICS and in the retaking of the historic Third World agenda by the Non-Aligned Movement.
Charles McKelvey
Chapter 8. Socialism for the Twenty-First Century
Abstract
Four Latin American nations have rejected not only neoliberalism and US imperialism, but also capitalism, and they are seeking to construct post-capitalist societies evolving in practice toward socialism. Charismatic leaders have played a principal role in the socialist projection: Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, Evo Morales in Bolivia, Rafael Correa in Ecuador, and Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua. The governments of these four nations have developed new constitutions, restructured external debt payments, taken control of natural recourses, directed investments toward needs of the people and national production, and developed structures of popular participation. The four nations and their charismatic leaders have played a central role in the creation of a new political reality in Latin America.
Charles McKelvey
Chapter 9. Renewing the Historic Quest for Socialism
Abstract
This chapter reflects on the meaning of justice, democracy, and sustainability. It formulates the twelve characteristics of socialism, based on observation of real socialism in Russia, China, Vietnam, Cuba, Chile, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador. The most important characteristic is the taking of power by the people. Other characteristics include commitment to basic principles: the sovereignty of nations, cooperation among nations, solidarity among peoples, the social and economic rights of all persons, gender equality, and protection of the environment. Nationalization has been an important strategy, but socialist nations have developed various forms of property, always with a strong role of the state in the development of the economy. This chapter discusses the possibility of popular democratic socialist revolutions in the nations of the North.
Charles McKelvey
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
The Evolution and Significance of the Cuban Revolution
verfasst von
Charles McKelvey
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-62160-9
Print ISBN
978-3-319-62159-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62160-9

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