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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. The Global Accumulation of Capital and Ground-Rent in ‘Resource Rich’ Countries

verfasst von : Gastón Caligaris

Erschienen in: The New International Division of Labour

Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan UK

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Abstract

The chapter provides fresh insight into the ‘old’ international division of labour and especially into the countries whose long-standing historical role has been to produce ground‐rent‐bearing, primary, commodities. Building upon the notion of capital accumulation as being global in content and national in form, Caligaris challenges the dominant perspective that explains the specific characteristics of those countries as the result of domestic politics, foreign influence and domination, or unequal exchange. He instead advances an original approach based on the recognition that ground‐rent is essentially constituted by the surplus‐value resulting from the valorisation of industrial capitals abroad and which flows into the countries supplying the raw materials. The latter section uses empirical evidence from the case of Argentina to illustrate the core argument.

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Fußnoten
1
The term ‘total social capital’ is the usual English translation of what Marx variously terms ‘gesamte gesellschaftliche Kapital’, ‘gesellschaftlichen Gesamtkapitals’, or simply ‘gesellschaftliche Kapitals’ in the original German.
 
2
The consideration of a national space of valorisation as an organic element of the worldwide accumulation process requires that we go beyond Marx and explicitly distinguish between the total social capital as the unity of all individual capitals and, in a more limited sense, as the unity of all individual capitals that function within a national territory. In line with the Marxian terminology, I shall refer to the former as the global total social capital and to the latter as the national total social capital. Note, however, that national in the latter term does not refer to the nationality of the owners of capital but to the fact that this part of capital is valorised within the respective national territory.
 
3
In line with his systematic presentation of the determinations of capital as the dominant social relation, Marx was conscious of the fact that the explanation of the global unity of the accumulation of capital would not correspond to the planned book on ‘the process of the production of capital’ but, as noted earlier, to the book on the ‘world market’. For this reason, Marx precedes this development by clarifying that he will refer ‘to relations of a purely practical nature, the existence of which has not yet been revealed by our theoretical presentation’ (Marx 1976: 578). This affirmation by Marx contrasts strongly with the interpretation proposed by Pradella (2013), who sees Capital as a systematic development of international relations.
 
4
Traditional readings distinguish three types of ground-rent: differential rent of types I and II that arise out of differences in fertility and/or the location of lands; and the absolute rent that emerges from the lower organic composition of capital invested in the worst land (Kautsky 1988). More recent readings have further distinguished the simple monopoly rent that emerges from the market power of the landlord class (Harvey 1973). Of course, this typology, as well as the definition of each type of ground-rent, is not free from controversy. For a synthesis of main debates, see Caligaris (2014a, b).
 
5
For an analysis of Brazil on this basis, see Grinberg (2008, 2011, 2013).
 
6
The first official draft of a tax on potential ground-rent was developed in the early 1960s. After several public discussions, in 1973 the tax obtained the status of national law (Law No. 20,538/73). However, this tax was never fully applied because the surveying and cadastral valuation of lands the law demanded were not carried out. For more information see Nuñez Miñana (1985).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
The Global Accumulation of Capital and Ground-Rent in ‘Resource Rich’ Countries
verfasst von
Gastón Caligaris
Copyright-Jahr
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53872-7_3