Skip to main content

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. The History of Nepalese Forest Management and the Roles of Women

verfasst von : Radha Wagle, Soma Pillay, Wendy Wright

Erschienen in: Feminist Institutionalism and Gendered Bureaucracies

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

A contextual insight is offered into the history of Nepalese forestry management with reference to women. First, the chapter provides insight into the importance of forest resources for Nepalese people. It reflects how different sections of the population (economically poor, economically well off, men, women, urban dwellers, village dwellers) use forests for various purposes. It also illustrates the existence of two-way relationships between people and forests and the involvement and contribution of people in the maintenance of state forest resources in Nepal. This section concludes that the people living closest to Nepal’s forests, usually in remote and rural areas of the country, have a greater dependency on forest resources. Within these communities, women and economically disadvantaged individuals rely most heavily on forests. It is therefore important to include these groups in decision-making and planning regarding forestry policy, processes and outcomes to ensure that resources are managed sustainably.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
The term ‘forest management’ used in this chapter generally refers to activities relating to the management of silvicultural endeavours such as nursery management and seedling production, tree planting, weed control, pruning of trees, thinning of forest stands, final tree felling for timber and the extraction of forest products other than timber (such as grass, leaf litter, herbs, firewood, etc.). This term also implies the use of managerial activities related to product distribution and the mobilization of people for forest management.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Agarwal, B. (2010). Does women’s proportional strength affect their participation? Governing local forests in South Asia. World Development, 38(1), 98–112.CrossRef Agarwal, B. (2010). Does women’s proportional strength affect their participation? Governing local forests in South Asia. World Development, 38(1), 98–112.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Angelsen, A., & Wunder, S. (2003). Exploring the forest—Poverty link. CIFOR Occasional Paper (40), 1–20. Angelsen, A., & Wunder, S. (2003). Exploring the forest—Poverty link. CIFOR Occasional Paper (40), 1–20.
Zurück zum Zitat Bennett, L. (2008). Policy reform and culture change: Contesting gender, caste, and ethnic exclusion in Nepal. Inclusive States, 197. Bennett, L. (2008). Policy reform and culture change: Contesting gender, caste, and ethnic exclusion in Nepal. Inclusive States, 197.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhatta, B., Karna, A. L., Dev, O. P., & Springate-Baginski, O. (Eds.). (2007). Participatory forest management in the Nepalese Tarai: Policy, practice and impacts. London, Sterling, VA: Earthscan. Bhatta, B., Karna, A. L., Dev, O. P., & Springate-Baginski, O. (Eds.). (2007). Participatory forest management in the Nepalese Tarai: Policy, practice and impacts. London, Sterling, VA: Earthscan.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhattarai, K., Conway, D., & Shrestha, N. R. (2002). The vacillating evolution of forestry policy in Nepal: Historically manipulated, internally mismanaged. International Development Planning Review, 24(3), 315–338.CrossRef Bhattarai, K., Conway, D., & Shrestha, N. R. (2002). The vacillating evolution of forestry policy in Nepal: Historically manipulated, internally mismanaged. International Development Planning Review, 24(3), 315–338.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bista, D. B. (1991). Fatalism and development: Nepal’s struggle for modernization. Orient Blackswan. Bista, D. B. (1991). Fatalism and development: Nepal’s struggle for modernization. Orient Blackswan.
Zurück zum Zitat Blaikie, P. M., & Muldavin, J. S. S. (2004). Upstream, downstream, China, India: The politics of environment in the Himalayan region. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 94(3), 520–548.CrossRef Blaikie, P. M., & Muldavin, J. S. S. (2004). Upstream, downstream, China, India: The politics of environment in the Himalayan region. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 94(3), 520–548.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Blaikie, P., & Springate-Baginski, O. (Eds.). (2007). Understanding the policy process. London, Sterling, VA: Earthscan. Blaikie, P., & Springate-Baginski, O. (Eds.). (2007). Understanding the policy process. London, Sterling, VA: Earthscan.
Zurück zum Zitat Buchy, M. (2012). Securing women’s tenure and leadership for forest management: A summary of the Asian experience. Washington, DC: Rights and Resource Initiative. Buchy, M. (2012). Securing women’s tenure and leadership for forest management: A summary of the Asian experience. Washington, DC: Rights and Resource Initiative.
Zurück zum Zitat Buchy, M., & Rai, B. (Eds.). (2008). Do women-only approaches to natural resource management help women? The case of community forestry in Nepal. UK and USA: Earthscan. Buchy, M., & Rai, B. (Eds.). (2008). Do women-only approaches to natural resource management help women? The case of community forestry in Nepal. UK and USA: Earthscan.
Zurück zum Zitat Buchy, M., & Subba, S. (2003). Why is community forestry a social- and gender-blind technology? The case of Nepal. Gender, Technology and Development, 7(3), 313–332. Buchy, M., & Subba, S. (2003). Why is community forestry a social- and gender-blind technology? The case of Nepal. Gender, Technology and Development, 7(3), 313–332.
Zurück zum Zitat CBS. (2012). National population and housing census 2011. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal. CBS. (2012). National population and housing census 2011. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal.
Zurück zum Zitat Chapagain, A. (2012). [Interview with Apsara Chapagain-chair person]. Chapagain, A. (2012). [Interview with Apsara Chapagain-chair person].
Zurück zum Zitat Christie, E. M., & Giri, K. (2011). Challenges and experiences of women in the forestry sector in Nepal. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 3(5), 139–146. Christie, E. M., & Giri, K. (2011). Challenges and experiences of women in the forestry sector in Nepal. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 3(5), 139–146.
Zurück zum Zitat Dahal, G. R., & Chapagain, A. (2008). Community forestry in Nepal: Decentralized forest governance. In C. J. P. Colfer, G. R. Dahal, & D. Capistrano (Eds.), Lessons from forest decentralization: Money, justice and the quest for good governance in Asia-Pacific (pp. 67–81). Londres, RU: Earthscan Publications. Dahal, G. R., & Chapagain, A. (2008). Community forestry in Nepal: Decentralized forest governance. In C. J. P. Colfer, G. R. Dahal, & D. Capistrano (Eds.), Lessons from forest decentralization: Money, justice and the quest for good governance in Asia-Pacific (pp. 67–81). Londres, RU: Earthscan Publications.
Zurück zum Zitat Dev, O. P., & Adhikary, J. (Eds.). (2007). Participatory forest management in the Nepalese Terai: Policy, practice and impacts. London, Sterling, VA: Earthscan. Dev, O. P., & Adhikary, J. (Eds.). (2007). Participatory forest management in the Nepalese Terai: Policy, practice and impacts. London, Sterling, VA: Earthscan.
Zurück zum Zitat DFRS. (1999). Forest resources of Nepal (1987–1998). Publication No. 74. Kathmandu, Nepal: Government of Nepal. DFRS. (1999). Forest resources of Nepal (1987–1998). Publication No. 74. Kathmandu, Nepal: Government of Nepal.
Zurück zum Zitat Dhakal, B., Bigsby, H., & Cullen, R. (2005). Impacts of community forestry development on livestock-based livelihood in Nepal. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 4(2), 43–49. Dhakal, B., Bigsby, H., & Cullen, R. (2005). Impacts of community forestry development on livestock-based livelihood in Nepal. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 4(2), 43–49.
Zurück zum Zitat Eckholm, E. (1976). Losing ground. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 18(3), 6–11. Eckholm, E. (1976). Losing ground. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 18(3), 6–11.
Zurück zum Zitat Fortier, J. (2003). Reflections on Raute identity. Studies in Nepali History in Society, 8, 317–348. Fortier, J. (2003). Reflections on Raute identity. Studies in Nepali History in Society, 8, 317–348.
Zurück zum Zitat Fortier, J. (2009). The ethnography of south Asian foragers. Annual Review of Anthropology, 38, 99–114.CrossRef Fortier, J. (2009). The ethnography of south Asian foragers. Annual Review of Anthropology, 38, 99–114.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gautam, M., & Pokharel, B. (2011). Foreign aid and public policy process in Nepal: A case of forestry and local governance. Kathmandu, Nepal: Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies. Gautam, M., & Pokharel, B. (2011). Foreign aid and public policy process in Nepal: A case of forestry and local governance. Kathmandu, Nepal: Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies.
Zurück zum Zitat Gautam, A., Shivakoti, G., & Webb, E. (2004). A review of forest policies, institutions, and changes in the resource condition in Nepal. International Forestry Review, 6(2), 136–148.CrossRef Gautam, A., Shivakoti, G., & Webb, E. (2004). A review of forest policies, institutions, and changes in the resource condition in Nepal. International Forestry Review, 6(2), 136–148.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ghimire-Bastakoti, K., & Bastakoti, R. (2006). Social inclusion in community forestry: Why women are frequently excluded from decision-making and leadership in Nepal. Nepal: Resource Identification and Management Society. Ghimire-Bastakoti, K., & Bastakoti, R. (2006). Social inclusion in community forestry: Why women are frequently excluded from decision-making and leadership in Nepal. Nepal: Resource Identification and Management Society.
Zurück zum Zitat Giri, K., & Darnhofer, I. (2010). Nepali women using community forestry as a platform for social change. Society and Natural Resources, 23(12), 1216–1229.CrossRef Giri, K., & Darnhofer, I. (2010). Nepali women using community forestry as a platform for social change. Society and Natural Resources, 23(12), 1216–1229.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Giri, K., & Faculty, I. (2008a). Profile of women graduates of the Institute of Forestry, Nepal problems of prospects for women in forestry and natural resource management (Vol. MemCoE IoF Discussion Paper # 22). Pokhara: IOF, Nepal. Giri, K., & Faculty, I. (2008a). Profile of women graduates of the Institute of Forestry, Nepal problems of prospects for women in forestry and natural resource management (Vol. MemCoE IoF Discussion Paper # 22). Pokhara: IOF, Nepal.
Zurück zum Zitat Giri, K., & Faculty, I. (2008b). Reflecting on experiences: Women in the forestry sector (Vol. MemCoE IoF Discussion Paper # 24). Pokhara, Nepal: Institute of Forestry. Giri, K., & Faculty, I. (2008b). Reflecting on experiences: Women in the forestry sector (Vol. MemCoE IoF Discussion Paper # 24). Pokhara, Nepal: Institute of Forestry.
Zurück zum Zitat GoN. (2003). Guideline for community forestry program. Kathmandu: Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Department of Forests, Community Forestry Division. GoN. (2003). Guideline for community forestry program. Kathmandu: Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Department of Forests, Community Forestry Division.
Zurück zum Zitat GoN. (2007). Forest sector gender and social inclusion strategy. Nepal: Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal. GoN. (2007). Forest sector gender and social inclusion strategy. Nepal: Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal.
Zurück zum Zitat GoN. (2012a). Annual report. Kathmandu, Nepal: Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal. GoN. (2012a). Annual report. Kathmandu, Nepal: Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal.
Zurück zum Zitat GoN. (2012b). Nepal in figure 2012. Kathmandu, Nepal: Government of Nepal (GoN), CBS. GoN. (2012b). Nepal in figure 2012. Kathmandu, Nepal: Government of Nepal (GoN), CBS.
Zurück zum Zitat GoN. (2013). Hamro Ban. Katmandu, Nepal: Department of Forests, Government of Nepal. GoN. (2013). Hamro Ban. Katmandu, Nepal: Department of Forests, Government of Nepal.
Zurück zum Zitat Gurung, J. D. (2002). Getting at the heart of the issue: Challenging male bias in Nepal’s department of forests. Mountain Research and Development, 22(3), 212–215.CrossRef Gurung, J. D. (2002). Getting at the heart of the issue: Challenging male bias in Nepal’s department of forests. Mountain Research and Development, 22(3), 212–215.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gurung, H. B. (2006). From exclusion to inclusion: Socio political agenda for Nepal. Social Inclusion Research Fund. Gurung, H. B. (2006). From exclusion to inclusion: Socio political agenda for Nepal. Social Inclusion Research Fund.
Zurück zum Zitat Hassan, R. M., Scholes, R., & Ash, N. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Current state and trends: Findings of the condition and trends working group (Vol. 1). Island Press. Hassan, R. M., Scholes, R., & Ash, N. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Current state and trends: Findings of the condition and trends working group (Vol. 1). Island Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Hill, I. (1999). Forest management in Nepal: Economics and ecology. Washington, DC: The World Bank.CrossRef Hill, I. (1999). Forest management in Nepal: Economics and ecology. Washington, DC: The World Bank.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat HMGN. (1988). The forestry sector master plan. Kathmandu: Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, HMG/Nepal. HMGN. (1988). The forestry sector master plan. Kathmandu: Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, HMG/Nepal.
Zurück zum Zitat HMGN. (1993). Forest Act 1993 (Official translation). Kathmandu, Nepal: His Majesty’s Government of Nepal. HMGN. (1993). Forest Act 1993 (Official translation). Kathmandu, Nepal: His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.
Zurück zum Zitat HMGN. (1995). Forest Regulation, 1995 (Official translation). Kathmandu, Nepal: His Majesty’s Government of Nepal. HMGN. (1995). Forest Regulation, 1995 (Official translation). Kathmandu, Nepal: His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.
Zurück zum Zitat Hobley, M. (1996). Participatory forestry: The process of change in India and Nepal. Hobley, M. (1996). Participatory forestry: The process of change in India and Nepal.
Zurück zum Zitat Hobley, M., & Malla, Y. B. (Eds.). (1996). From forest to forestry—The three ages of forestry in Nepal: Privatisation, nationalisation, and populism. London: Overseas Development Institute. Hobley, M., & Malla, Y. B. (Eds.). (1996). From forest to forestry—The three ages of forestry in Nepal: Privatisation, nationalisation, and populism. London: Overseas Development Institute.
Zurück zum Zitat Joshi, N. M., & Maharjan, K. L. (2007). Institutional changes in forest resource management and change in forest coverage in Nepal. Journal of International Development and Cooperation, 13(1), 231. Joshi, N. M., & Maharjan, K. L. (2007). Institutional changes in forest resource management and change in forest coverage in Nepal. Journal of International Development and Cooperation, 13(1), 231.
Zurück zum Zitat Khadka, M. (2009). Why does exclusion continue? Aid, knowledge and power in Nepal’s community forestry policy process. The Hague, The Netherlands: Erasmus University Rotterdam. Khadka, M. (2009). Why does exclusion continue? Aid, knowledge and power in Nepal’s community forestry policy process. The Hague, The Netherlands: Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Zurück zum Zitat Lama, A., & Buchy, M. (2002). Gender, class, caste and participation: The case of community forestry in Nepal. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 9(1), 27–41.CrossRef Lama, A., & Buchy, M. (2002). Gender, class, caste and participation: The case of community forestry in Nepal. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 9(1), 27–41.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Levi, W. (1952). Government and politics in Nepal: I. Far Eastern Survey, 21(18), 185–191.CrossRef Levi, W. (1952). Government and politics in Nepal: I. Far Eastern Survey, 21(18), 185–191.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Luintel, H. (2006). Do civil society organizations promote equity in community forestry? A reflection from Nepal’s experiences. In S. Mahanty, J. Fox, M. Nurse, P. Stephen, & L. McLees (Eds.), Hanging in the balance: Equity in community-based natural resource management in Asia (pp. 122–142). Bangkok: Regional Community Forestry Training Center for Asia and the Pacific (RECOFTC). Luintel, H. (2006). Do civil society organizations promote equity in community forestry? A reflection from Nepal’s experiences. In S. Mahanty, J. Fox, M. Nurse, P. Stephen, & L. McLees (Eds.), Hanging in the balance: Equity in community-based natural resource management in Asia (pp. 122–142). Bangkok: Regional Community Forestry Training Center for Asia and the Pacific (RECOFTC).
Zurück zum Zitat Malla, Y. (2001). Changing policies and the persistence of patron-client relations in Nepal: Stakeholders’ responses to changes in forest policies. Environmental History, 6, 287–307.CrossRef Malla, Y. (2001). Changing policies and the persistence of patron-client relations in Nepal: Stakeholders’ responses to changes in forest policies. Environmental History, 6, 287–307.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat MHP. (2011). Nepal population report 2011. Kathmandu, Nepal: Population Division. MHP. (2011). Nepal population report 2011. Kathmandu, Nepal: Population Division.
Zurück zum Zitat Mies, M. (1988). From the individual to the dividual: In the supermarket of ‘reproductive alternatives’. Reproductive and Genetic Engineering, 1(3), 225–237. Mies, M. (1988). From the individual to the dividual: In the supermarket of ‘reproductive alternatives’. Reproductive and Genetic Engineering, 1(3), 225–237.
Zurück zum Zitat Mies, M., & Shiva, V. (Eds.). (1993). Ecofeminism. London; Halifax: Fernwood Publications. Mies, M., & Shiva, V. (Eds.). (1993). Ecofeminism. London; Halifax: Fernwood Publications.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohai, P. (1992). Men, women, and the environment: An examination of the gender gap in environmental concern and activism. Society & Natural Resources, 5(1), 1–19.CrossRef Mohai, P. (1992). Men, women, and the environment: An examination of the gender gap in environmental concern and activism. Society & Natural Resources, 5(1), 1–19.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nightingale, A. J. (2002). Participating or just sitting in? The dynamics of gender and caste in community forestry. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 2(1), 17–24. Nightingale, A. J. (2002). Participating or just sitting in? The dynamics of gender and caste in community forestry. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 2(1), 17–24.
Zurück zum Zitat Nightingale, A. J. (2003). A feminist in the forest: Situated knowledges and mixing methods in natural resource management. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographers, 2(1), 77–90. Nightingale, A. J. (2003). A feminist in the forest: Situated knowledges and mixing methods in natural resource management. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographers, 2(1), 77–90.
Zurück zum Zitat Nightingale, A. J. (2005). The experts taught us all we know: Professionalisation and knowledge in Nepalese community forestry. Antipode, 37(3), 581–604.CrossRef Nightingale, A. J. (2005). The experts taught us all we know: Professionalisation and knowledge in Nepalese community forestry. Antipode, 37(3), 581–604.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nightingale, A. J. (2006). The nature of gender: Work, gender and environment. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 24(2), 165–185.CrossRef Nightingale, A. J. (2006). The nature of gender: Work, gender and environment. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 24(2), 165–185.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ojha, H. R. (2000). Current policy issues in NTFP development in Nepal. Kathmandu: Asia Network for Small-scale Bio-resources. Ojha, H. R. (2000). Current policy issues in NTFP development in Nepal. Kathmandu: Asia Network for Small-scale Bio-resources.
Zurück zum Zitat Pathak, B., Kafle, N., & Pathak, A. (2011). Forest enterprise: Opportunities and challenges in the context of Nepal. Ashmita Nepal. Pathak, B., Kafle, N., & Pathak, A. (2011). Forest enterprise: Opportunities and challenges in the context of Nepal. Ashmita Nepal.
Zurück zum Zitat Pokharel, S., & Chandrashekar, M. (1994). Biomass resources as energy in Nepal. Paper presented at the Natural Resources Forum, 18, 225. Pokharel, S., & Chandrashekar, M. (1994). Biomass resources as energy in Nepal. Paper presented at the Natural Resources Forum, 18, 225.
Zurück zum Zitat Regmi, M. C. (1978). Thatched huts and stucco palaces: peasants and landlords in 19th-century Nepal (Vol. 1). New Delhi: Vikas. Regmi, M. C. (1978). Thatched huts and stucco palaces: peasants and landlords in 19th-century Nepal (Vol. 1). New Delhi: Vikas.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiva, V. (1993). Masculinization of the motherland. In M. Miles & V. Shiva (Eds.), Ecofeminism (pp. 108–115). Melbourne: Spinifex. Shiva, V. (1993). Masculinization of the motherland. In M. Miles & V. Shiva (Eds.), Ecofeminism (pp. 108–115). Melbourne: Spinifex.
Zurück zum Zitat Springate-Baginski, O., & Blaikie, P. M. (2007). Forests, people and power: The political ecology of reform in South Asia. Earthscan. Springate-Baginski, O., & Blaikie, P. M. (2007). Forests, people and power: The political ecology of reform in South Asia. Earthscan.
Zurück zum Zitat Springate-Baginski, O., Blaikie, P., Banerjee, A., Bhatta, B., Dev, O. P., Reddy, V. R., et al. (Eds.). (2007). Annexation, struggle and response: Forest, people and power in India and Nepal. London, Sterling, VA: Earthscan. Springate-Baginski, O., Blaikie, P., Banerjee, A., Bhatta, B., Dev, O. P., Reddy, V. R., et al. (Eds.). (2007). Annexation, struggle and response: Forest, people and power in India and Nepal. London, Sterling, VA: Earthscan.
Zurück zum Zitat Stern, N. (2008). The economics of climate change. The American Economic Review, 98(2), 1–37.CrossRef Stern, N. (2008). The economics of climate change. The American Economic Review, 98(2), 1–37.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Upadhyay, B. (2005). Women and natural resource management: Illustrations from India and Nepal. Paper presented at the Natural Resources Forum. Upadhyay, B. (2005). Women and natural resource management: Illustrations from India and Nepal. Paper presented at the Natural Resources Forum.
Zurück zum Zitat Wangari, E., Thomas-Slayter, B., & Rocheleau, D. (1996). Gendered visions for survival: Semi-arid regions in Kenya. London: Routledge. Wangari, E., Thomas-Slayter, B., & Rocheleau, D. (1996). Gendered visions for survival: Semi-arid regions in Kenya. London: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Whitehouse, P., Usher, T., Ruhlen, M., & Wang, W. S.-Y. (2004). Kusunda: An Indo-Pacific language in Nepal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(15), 5692–5695.CrossRef Whitehouse, P., Usher, T., Ruhlen, M., & Wang, W. S.-Y. (2004). Kusunda: An Indo-Pacific language in Nepal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(15), 5692–5695.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat WOCAN. (2012). An assessment of gender and women’s exclusion in REDD+ in Nepal. Nepal, Thailand: Women Organizing for Change in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management. WOCAN. (2012). An assessment of gender and women’s exclusion in REDD+ in Nepal. Nepal, Thailand: Women Organizing for Change in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management.
Zurück zum Zitat Yadav, B. D., Bigsby, H., & MacDonald, I. (2008). Who are controlling community forestry user groups in Nepal? Scrutiny of elite theory. Paper presented at the conference New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Conference. Yadav, B. D., Bigsby, H., & MacDonald, I. (2008). Who are controlling community forestry user groups in Nepal? Scrutiny of elite theory. Paper presented at the conference New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Conference.
Metadaten
Titel
The History of Nepalese Forest Management and the Roles of Women
verfasst von
Radha Wagle
Soma Pillay
Wendy Wright
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Verlag
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2588-9_3

Premium Partner