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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. The Internet and Regulation

verfasst von : Swati Bhatt

Erschienen in: How Digital Communication Technology Shapes Markets

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The Internet was created in a culture of collaboration and distributed decision-making. With organization behemoths co-existing with granularity, has the Internet lost this collaborative culture? Ownership of data, of domain names and control over the flow of content in the entertainment industry (net neutrality) have become central issues in the digital economy. The concern with behemoths is not pricing power but rather the power to shape ideas by controlling content. Who curates and regulates global content with a view to fairness and balance? While social media are part of this larger picture the trajectory from cause to effect is ambiguous – there is no individual directing the show, only computer code. Virtual space is a shared resource whose free consumption necessitates governance of this commons.

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Vorheriges Kapitel The Private World of Sharing and Cooperation

Nächstes Kapitel The Conclusion

The connection between basic science and national security was crystalized in Vannevar Bush’s report in 1945, after which Congress created the National Science Foundation. In 1958, the military-academic collaboration spurred by President Eisenhower culminated in the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), part of the Pentagon. The ARPANET is the network created by their mission of connecting computers to enable information transfer. Multiple smaller networks developed, but were not interconnected. In 1973, Robert Kahn conceived the idea of connecting networks into an inter-network, which subsequently became the Internet. With a capital I, the Internet now represents the entire technological ecosystem associated with this network.

This is the Red Queen Effect, which I discuss in the conclusion.

Facebook announced on June 29, 2016 that it would emphasize news about family and friends over more general news. They wrote on their website, “We are not in the business of picking which issues the world should read about. We are in the business of connecting people and ideas – and matching people with the stories they find most meaningful. Our integrity depends on being inclusive of all perspectives and view points, and using ranking to connect people with the stories and sources they find the most meaningful and engaging. We don’t favor specific kinds of sources – or ideas. Our aim is to deliver the types of stories we’ve gotten feedback that an individual most wants to see” [121].

[112]

Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. “Data Brokers and ‘People Search’ Sites.” https://www.privacyrights.org/content/data-brokers-and-your-privacy. Accessed on June 17, 2016.

[113]

Congressional Research Service. “Stored Communications Act: Reform of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act.” https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44036.pdf Accessed on June 17, 2016.

[114]

I Am The Cavalry Cyber Safety Outreach. https://www.iamthecavalry.org. Accessed on June 17, 2016.

[115]

Schaefer, Brett, and Paul Rosenzweig. “How Congress Can Halt Government Control of the Internet.” The Daily Signal, July 30, 2015. Accessed on June 14, 2016 from http://dailysignal.com/2015/07/30/how-congress-can-halt-government-control-of-the-internet/

[116]

Sepulveda, Daniel, and Lawrence Strickling. (May 16, 2016), “China’s Internet Domain Name Measure and the Digital Economy.” Accessed on June 21, 2016 from https://blogs.state.gov/stories/2016/05/16/china-s-internet-domain-name-measures-and-digital-economy

[117]

Byers, Alex. “Court Upholds Obama Backed Net Neutrality Rules.” Politico. Accessed on June 15, 2016 from http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/court-upholds-obama-backed-net-neutrality-rules-224309

[118]

Statement made by D.C. Court of Appeals. Accessed on June 15, 2016 from https://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/3F95E49183E6F8AF85257FD200505A3A/$file/15-1063-1619173.pdf

[119]

Tufekci, Zeynep. “The Real Bias Built In at Facebook.” New York Times, May 19, 2016. Accessed on June 20, 2016 from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/19/opinion/the-real-bias-built-in-at-facebook.html?rref=collection%2Fcolumn%2Fzeynep-tufekci&action=click&contentCollection=opinion&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=collection&_r=0

[120]

Kurzweil, Ray. The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. New York: Vintage, 2005.

[121]

Mosseri, Adam. “Building a Better News Feed for You.” Facebook Newsroom. Accessed on July 1, 2016 from http://newsroom.fb.com/news/2016/06/building-a-better-news-feed-for-you/

[122]

Blair, Tony. “Brexit’s Stunning Coup,” NYT OP Ed 6/25/16. Accessed on June 26, 2016 from Tony Blair, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/26/opinion/tony-blair-brexits-stunning-coup.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=span-abc-region&region=span-abc-region&WT.nav=span-abc-region&_r=0

[123]

Dixit, Avinash. “Investment and Hysteresis.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 6, no. 1, 1992.CrossRef

[124]

Greenstein, Shane. How the Internet Became Commercial: Innovation, Privatization, and the Birth of a New Network. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016.CrossRef

Titel: The Internet and Regulation
verfasst von: Swati Bhatt
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: How Digital Communication Technology Shapes Markets
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47249-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-47250-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47250-8_8

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