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Erschienen in:
Born to Invent Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2012 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. The Race for Wireless

verfasst von : Mike Adams

Erschienen in: Lee de Forest

Verlag: Springer New York

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Abstract

The early inventing life of Lee de Forest can be viewed as a prelude to his final invention of significance, his version of the talkies, the 1920s Phonofilm. His post-Yale years and his early wireless inventions will show a pattern of a man who is interested in communication systems using electricity. While at Yale, he learned about the theories of James Clerk Maxwell and how Heinrich Hertz turned those theories into practical applications when he sent a spark across the room and received it using a crude detector. At Yale he was a curious student, embellishing his lecture notes with ideas, questions, and diagrams, as he begins to understand the scientific world to which he now belongs. He has graduated and he is on his way to what will turn out to be a complicated life as a wireless inventor. In this endeavor, de Forest follows Marconi and attempts to build a better system.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Born to Invent
Nächstes Kapitel The Meaning of the Audion
Fußnoten
1
A de Forest letter to an otherwise unidentified family friend named Ed, December 1904, Perham de Forest papers, History San Jose, to be abbreviated as “Perham de Forest papers.”
 
2
From Nobel Lectures in Physics 1901–1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967.
 
3
Hugh G. Aitken, Syntony and Spark, the Origins of Radio, Princeton, University Press, 1985, p187.
 
4
Many of the non-de Forest patents in the Appendix and referred to in this work can be found on the Web under the excellent Google Patents search engine. For any American patent enter http://​www.​google.​com/​patents into your browser and follow the directions.
 
5
Ibid., p197.
 
6
Bartholomew Lee, in AWA Review, vol. 13, Antique Wireless Association, NY, 2006.
 
7
Bart Lee, et al., The Marconi Beacon Experiment, AWA Review, vol. 21, Antique Wireless Association, NY, 2008.
 
8
From Nobel Lectures in Physics 1901–1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967.
 
9
Hugh G. Aitken, Syntony and Spark, the Origins of Radio, Princeton, University Press, 1985, p306.
 
10
FOR p101.
 
11
Crookes in Fortnightly Review, 1896, quoted in Carneal, p72.
 
12
From de Forest diary, 1899, in FOR, p104.
 
13
FOR p104.
 
14
Ibid., p106.
 
15
Ibid., p105.
 
16
Ibid., p109.
 
17
De Forest, from his diary, in FOR p117.
 
18
Carneal, p114.
 
19
From the de Forest diary, in Carneal p112.
 
20
De Forest laboratory notes, June 14, 1900, Perham de Forest papers.
 
21
Ibid.
 
22
De Forest laboratory notes, April 1900, Perham de Forest papers.
 
23
Ibid.
 
24
De Forest laboratory notes, September 1900, de Forest papers.
 
25
A single piece of paper, dated November 28, 1900, from the Perham de Forest papers.
 
26
De Forest laboratory notebook, June 1901, Perham de forest papers.
 
27
Ibid.
 
28
Reginald Fessenden, “Wireless Telephony,” a paper presented to the 25th annual convention of the American Institute of Electric Engineers, Atlantic City NJ, June 29, 1908, p7. This is a reprint from Lindsay Publications.
 
29
From the de Forest diary, in Carneal p112.
 
30
From de Forest recollections, both in Carneal and FOR.
 
31
Ibid.
 
32
This is a letter to friend named only as “Ed,” December 4, 1901, Perham de Forest papers.
 
33
De Forest laboratory notebook, dated December 7, 1902, Perham de Forest papers.
 
34
The Electrician, November 7, 1902, a marked copy from the Perham de Forest papers.
 
35
Ibid.
 
36
Ibid.
 
37
Ibid.
 
38
A de Forest drawing, dated May 19, 1902, from the Perham de Forest papers.
 
39
FOR p169.
 
40
FOR, p130.
 
41
Pittsburgh Press, August 10, 1902.
 
42
Ibid.
 
43
From a December, 1902, publication unknown, Perham de Forest papers.
 
44
From his diary, in Carneal p149.
 
45
FOR p 161: while this is the de Forest recollection in his 1950 autobiography, there is always the suspicion that de Forest managed the information about this event to his favor. There is no other evidence, for or against, other than the courts ruled in Fessenden’s favor.
 
46
FOR p 161: while this is the de Forest recollection in his 1950 autobiography, there is always the suspicion that de Forest managed the information about this event to his favor. There is no other evidence, for or against, other than the courts ruled in Fessenden’s favor.
 
47
Bartholomew Lee, “How Dunwoody’s Chunk of ‘Coal’ Saved both de Forest and Marconi,” AWA Review, vol. 22, 2009.
 
48
New York Times, July 17, 1902.
 
49
De Forest letter to a “Dear Comrade,” believed to be former paramour Jessica Wallace, August 9, 1902, Perham de Forest papers.
 
50
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 21, 1904.
 
51
Lee de Forest, “Electrolytic Receivers in Wireless Telegraphy,” 1904 paper before the Electrical Congress of St. Louis, in the Perham de Forest papers.
 
52
FOR p184.
 
53
New York Times April 19, 1904.
 
54
New York Times, April 24, 1904.
 
55
New York Times, May 8, 2004.
 
56
New York Times July 10, 1904.
 
57
Buffalo Times, April 8, 1906.
 
58
Colorado Springs Evening Telegraph, April 28, 1906.
 
59
Ibid.
 
60
Pensacola Journal, April 8, 1906.
 
61
New Haven Union, Mar 22, 1906.
 
62
Ibid.
 
63
Ibid.
 
64
There is a giant collection of newspaper clipping in the de Forest papers. These are mainly organized in scrapbooks and are in some chronological order. Usually the date and the name of the paper are included but not the page number or the edition. This reference refers to an arranged montage of news stories in scrapbook about the fake news story. It must have been quite an event. All March, 1906, Perham de Forest papers.
 
65
Ibid.
 
66
Another montage about the successes of the de Forest Wireless Telegraph Company, from a scrapbook, April 1906, the Perham de Forest papers.
 
67
A Charles de Forest letter to Abe White, April 1906, Perham de Forest papers.
 
68
Ibid.
 
69
From a scrapbook montage of various newspaper stories about the wireless company and Abe White, April, 1906 Perham de Forest papers.
 
70
New York Press, September 9, 1907.
 
71
Ibid.
 
72
From the scrapbook montage, a news story about Abe White, unnamed, undated scrap but probably April, 1906, in Perham de Forest papers.
 
73
From the de Forest diary, in Carneal p143.
 
74
New York Times, May 7, 1906.
 
75
The November 28, 1906 letter to the board of the American De Forest Wireless Telegraph Company. While this is a carbon copy of the original, its significance is that it contains the hand written addendum by de Forest. No one other than de Forest got this version. From the Perham de Forest papers.
 
76
From an undated and unattributed 1906, news story, Perham de Forest papers.
 
77
Ibid.
 
78
Susan Douglas, Inventing American Broadcasting, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1987, p193.
 
79
Victor Appleton, Tom Swift and His Wireless Message, Grosset and Dunlap, 1911, p170.
 
80
Ibid.
 
81
Ibid., pp173–175.
 
82
Susan Douglas, Inventing American Broadcasting, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1987, p194.
 
83
Some of the titles from the recently updated list created by broadcast historian and Professor Christopher Sterling are, The Boy Inventors Wireless Triumph, 1912; Bert Wilson, Wireless Operator, 1924; The Radio Boys First Wireless, 1922; The Ocean Wireless Boys series of six titles, all wireless, 1914–1917; The Boy Aviators, Working with Wireless, 1910; The Wireless Station at Silver Fox Farm, 1910; The Wireless Patrol, 1917–1919, series of three; Young Wireless Operators, 1920–1924, series of five; and the oldest, The Story of a Wireless Telegraph Boy, 1908, and many more. Christopher Sterling, “Children’s Books Devoted to or Emphasizing Telegraph, Telephone, Wireless, Radio or Television, 1879–1990,” sixth edition, 2009, School of Media and Public Affairs, George Washington University.
 
84
Peter Kobel and the Library of Congress, Silent Movies, the Birth of Film and the Triumph of Movies Culture, Little Brown and Co., NY, 2003 p11.
 
85
See the DVD collections, “Treasures” and “More Treasures from the American Film Archives 1894–1931,” National Film Preservation Foundation, 2004, San Francisco, and the Edison collection from the Museum of Modern Art, New York, all widely available on DVD from Amazon, TCM Cable and others.
 
86
Paul Israel, Edison, a Life of Invention, Wiley and Sons, NY, 1998, p402.
 
87
William K. Everson, American Silent Film, Da Capo Press, NY, 1998, p36.
 
88
From Edison DVD collection, Museum of Modern Art, restored in cooperation with the Library of Congress.
 
89
Alex Ben Block editor, George Lucas’s Blockbusting, Harper-Collins, NY, 2010, p10.
 
90
For these summaries the author watched hours of silent films from the collections, “Treasures” and “More Treasures from the American Film Archives 1894–1931,” National Film Preservation Foundation, 2004, San Francisco, and the Edison collection from the Museum of Modern Art, New York, available on DVD.
 
91
Ibid.
 
92
Ibid.
 
93
Peter Kobel and the Library of Congress, Silent Movies, the Birth of Film and the Triumph of Movies Culture, Little Brown and Co., NY, 2003 p25.
 
94
For these summaries the author watched hours of silent films from the collections, “Treasures” and “More Treasures from the American Film Archives 1894–1931,” National Film Preservation Foundation, 2004, San Francisco, and the Edison collection from the Museum of Modern Art, New York, available on DVD.
 
95
Ibid.
 
96
See the film, “Trip to the Moon,” directed by Georges Méliès, restored and on DVD.
 
Metadaten
Titel
The Race for Wireless
verfasst von
Mike Adams
Copyright-Jahr
2012
Verlag
Springer New York
Buch
Lee de Forest

Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-0417-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-0418-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2012

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0418-7_2

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