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2021 | Buch

The Untold Story of the Korean Film Industry

A Global Business and Economic Perspective

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Über dieses Buch

This book analyses the Korean film industry emergence and development in a global business and economic perspective. This is one of the first books to compare the film policies and industries of the world’s six largest film industries – featuring Korea as the central character – with the aim of defining the contours of what constitutes an effective film policy. It presents many cases showing that, contrary to what is often believed, an economically sound policy is a good instrument for achieving desired cultural goals. It uses a set of analytical tools – borrowed from the economic analysis of international trade policies – to provide a rich harvest of new, rigorous, and often unexpected results on the effectiveness of the existing film policies. The implications found in this book are relevant not only for Korea, but for all other countries that wish to foster or enhance the competitiveness of their film industries.

This book will be of interest to a wide spectrum of scholars interested in cultural studies – media and cultural specialists, political scientists, sociologists, historians – in addition to business analysts and economists specialized in cultural economics. As this book focuses on film policies and how to improve them, it will also appeal to policymakers, business figures, public relations officials, and staff from international organizations working on the film industry.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. The Korean Film Industry: From Domestic “Straggler” to Global “Outperformer”
Abstract
To what extent is the Korean film industry a global outperformer? This chapter sets the scene by showing how Korea measures up to its five main competitors (China, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the US). This comparison covers the key dimensions of the Korean film industry’s growth—film markets, public financial support, regulations, and film quality. Based upon large data sets covering a long period from 1980 to 2018, the reader can trace the historical progress of how Korea went from straggler to global outperformer.
Jimmyn Parc, Patrick A. Messerlin
Chapter 2. Escaping the Import Quota and Why It Matters
Abstract
Until 1988, the import quota was believed to be the only way to maintain the Korean film industry’s performance against the dominance of Hollywood films. This chapter shows that this policy instrument was, in fact, the main reason for the poor performance of the film industry by inducing rent-seeking behavior. Such an outcome went on to have a particularly harmful effect upon Korean film producers and the industry’s overall creativity. This chapter traces and calculates the import quota’s negative effects and shows how Korea was able to wrestle free from its tight grip following the two US-Korea Film Agreements in the late 1980s. Indeed, contrary to all expectations, these Agreements benefited more the Korean film industry than Hollywood. To emphasize this argument further, the chapter contrasts the Korean experience with Mexico which underwent a similar opening of its film market but failed to develop its local film production because it did not adopt the key domestic reforms that Korea did.
Jimmyn Parc, Patrick A. Messerlin
Chapter 3. From the Screen Quota to Cultural Cooperation: Preferential Trade Agreements
Abstract
In the early 2000s, the US film industry was faced with major challenges that led Washington to pressure other markets around the world to open up more. It pursued this objective through the use of preferential trade agreements—most notably with Korea in 2006. While there was initially much fear in Korea about the impact of lifting the screen quota, this chapter shows that contrary to these expectations the agreement with the US actually did not bring about any visible negative effect for the Korean film industry. Following this, Korea felt encouraged to conclude a preferential trade agreement with the European Union, in an effort to address a wider range of barriers in the film industry by designing a “protocol of cultural cooperation.” Korea eventually pursued this approach with several Pacific countries, a strategy that could position it as an Asia-Pacific hub in the film industry.
Jimmyn Parc, Patrick A. Messerlin
Chapter 4. Subsidies: The Korean Exception
Abstract
Today the protection of a film industry relies mostly on the provision of public financial support in the form of subsidies and other incentives such as tax waivers, grants, or cash rebates. This chapter begins by showing that, contrary to appearances, these instruments generate costs and benefits which should be carefully assessed on a case-by-case basis. This perspective has too often been overlooked, resulting in public support growing out of control and in the end being taken advantage of by large international film companies. Korea is a crucial counter-example in this respect as it has provided fewer subsidies than other countries while its industry has enjoyed a high level of success. How was this possible? This chapter provides key arguments and important evidence supported by specific data to answer the question.
Jimmyn Parc, Patrick A. Messerlin
Chapter 5. Governance: Regulations and Institutions
Abstract
When examining a film industry, it is important to consider the regulatory environment under which it operates. To what extent do lessons from Korea help in this regard? This chapter compares Korea’s restrictive regulations with those of its main competitors. Then, it presents a thorough comparison of the Korean and French institutions in charge of designing and implementing these regulations. The unexpected picture that emerges is how an autonomous and generously-funded institution can have unintended negative effects on the industry it is supposed to help.
Jimmyn Parc, Patrick A. Messerlin
Chapter 6. Film Quality: The Golden Key for Sustainable Success
Abstract
“Quality” is the most crucial factor for ensuring the long-term sustainability of a film industry. How does one measure film quality, and what do the available measures say about the quality of Korean films, compared to those from France, the UK, and the US? To answer the latter question, this chapter uses a specific large data set based upon responses among audiences and film critics. It next discusses the key question on the relationship between public support and quality, suggesting that there is no clear link between them.
Jimmyn Parc, Patrick A. Messerlin
Chapter 7. Distribution and Exhibition: Clouds on the Horizon?
Abstract
This book concludes by examining the key challenges facing the Korean film industry for the future. It considers the domestic challenges first, such as the dominance held by large domestic and foreign film companies in the Korean screening market. Next it explores the challenges to be faced by the Korean film industry in the future, with a focus on the opportunities and obstacles in terms of competition and cooperation offered by the East Asian film markets.
Jimmyn Parc, Patrick A. Messerlin
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
The Untold Story of the Korean Film Industry
verfasst von
Dr. Jimmyn Parc
Patrick A. Messerlin
Copyright-Jahr
2021
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-80342-1
Print ISBN
978-3-030-80341-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80342-1

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