4. Theoretical Analysis of Temperature-Dependent Electrical Parameters of Si Solar Cell Integrated with Carbon-Based Thermal Cooling Layer

The heating effect in solar panels under solar irradiation is a major problem. The elevated solar cell temperature causes a decrease in its efficiency. Therefore, the research community is driven towards enhancing the working efficiency of solar panel by thermal cooling techniques. In this direction, activated carbon-based cooling layer beneath solar cell has been proposed and experimental optimization has led to enhance working efficiency by reducing the working temperature of the device from 88 to 69.5 °C. This paper presents a theoretical investigation of experimentally observed temperature-dependent solar cell parameters, such as open-circuit voltage (V_oc), short-circuit current density (J_sc), fill factor (FF) and efficiency (η), of our previous study. The reverse saturation current density (J_o) is a critical diode parameter which ultimately determines the temperature-dependent performance of the solar cell. In this work, constant factor ‘C’ value of 51.43 mA-cm⁻²K⁻³ is obtained for the calculation of reverse saturation current density in the temperature range from 273 to 373 K, and accordingly, solar cell output parameters are calculated.