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1991 | Buch

Theoretical Geomorphology

verfasst von: Professor Dr. Adrian E. Scheidegger

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Über dieses Buch

The surface features of the Earth are commonly split into two categories, the first of which comprises those features that are due to processes occurring inside the solid Earth (endogenic features) and the second those that are due to processes occurring outside the solid Earth (exogenic features). Specifically, the endogenic features are treated in the science of geodynamics, the exogenic features in the science of geomorphology. I have treated the theoretical aspects of the endogenic features in my Principles of Geodynamics, and it is my aim to supplement my earlier book with a discussion of the theory of the exogenic features, the taxonomy of the latter having been discussed in my Systematic Geomorphology. It is my hope that the three books will together pre­ sent a reasonably coherent, if necessarily incomplete, account of theoretical geology. Contrary to endogenic phenomena, exogenic processes can often be directly observed as they occur: the action of a river, the develop­ ment of a slope, and the evolution of a shore platform are all suffi­ ciently rapid so that they can be seen as they take place. This has the result that in geomorphology one is generally on much less specula­ tive ground regarding the mechanics of the processes at work than one is in geodynamics.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Physical Geomorphology
Abstract
Geomorphology, in its widest sense, is that branch of the geosciences which concerns itself with the development of the surface features of the Earth. In a more restrictive sense, geomorphology is the science of those surface features whose shape is primarily determined by the action of exogenic rocesses, i.e., of processes which originate outside the solid Earth. It is with this latter concept of geomorphology that we shall concern ourselves. In contrast, the endogenic processes, i.e., the processes originating inside the solid Earth, are the subject of geodynamics, and have been treated by the writer in a separate volume (Scheidegger 1982a).
Adrian E. Scheidegger
2. Physical Background
Abstract
The materials that are involved in the evolution of exogenic landscape features are soil, water, air, and ice. Of these materials, water and air can be treated as viscous fluids to a high degree of approximation; oil and ice, on the other hand, are “solids”, which must be treated by the general methods of rheology.
Adrian E. Scheidegger
3. Mechanics of Slope Formation
Abstract
Any cursory inspection of the shape of the surface of Earth shows that slopes are the basic constituents of many features of interest. We therefore start the main part of our treatise on theoretical geomorphology with a description of what is known regarding the theory of slope evolution. In this, it should be noted that the present chapter deals only with specific physical effects. As of recently, slopes have been treated as systems in analogy with whole landscapes. Thus, thermodynamic analogs and process-response models have been proposed for the explanation of slope evolution. However, such approaches will be relegated to Chapt. 5 on geomorphological system theory.
Adrian E. Scheidegger
4. Theory of River Action
Abstract
On the land areas of the world, rivers are undoubtedly some of the most important geomorphological agents. Rivers act geomorphologically in fundamentally two fashions: first by interaction with their bed, i.e., downwards (this type of action is usually referred to as river bed process) and second, by interaction with their banks (sideways erosion). It is the purpose of this chapter (4) to present the theories of these processes.
Adrian E. Scheidegger
5. System Theory of Landscape Evolution
Abstract
The phenomena discussed thus far refer only to single features present on the Earth’s surface. It is now time to consider the combined effect of all the agents discussed heretofore, and this leads directly into the theory of systems.
Adrian E. Scheidegger
6. Theory of Aquatic Effects
Abstract
We have seen in the descriptive section (1.6) on aquatic morphology that aquatic effects occur on land as well as on coasts and in the deep sea.
Adrian E. Scheidegger
7. Theory of Niveal, Glacial, and Periglacial Features
Abstract
We are turning next to the discussion of the genesis of the various morphological features that have been caused directly or indirectly by the action of water in its frozen state. The phenomenology of the features in question has been presented in Sect. 1.7.
Adrian E. Scheidegger
8. Theory of Aeolian and Desert Features
Abstract
This, the last chapter of the book, will be concerned with geomorphological forms which are characteristic of the arid and semiarid regions of the world. In this, the layout of the chapter will follow closely and will be keyed to the exposition of the morphological aspects of such forms presented in Section 1.8.
Adrian E. Scheidegger
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Theoretical Geomorphology
verfasst von
Professor Dr. Adrian E. Scheidegger
Copyright-Jahr
1991
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-75659-7
Print ISBN
978-3-642-75661-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75659-7