Skip to main content

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Trade Credit Financing and Firm Growth: A Panel Study of Listed Firms in Africa

verfasst von : Stanley Kojo Dary, Haruna Issahaku, Benjamin Musah Abu

Erschienen in: The Palgrave Handbook of Africa’s Economic Sectors

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Globally, trade credit is an important element of interfirm trade among non-financial firms. In response to the limited empirical evidence on trade credit financing and firm growth nexus, especially in Africa, this chapter examines the effects of trade credit financing on firm growth in African countries. It employs a panel of publicly listed firms in nineteen African countries for the period 1998–2016 from COMPUSTAT. Due to endogeneity and non-separability concerns, the chapter employs three stage least squares estimation procedure. Trade credit financing is found to have a statistically and economically significant positive impact on firm growth in Africa. The findings are robust to different measures of firm growth and trade credit financing. Therefore, policies that facilitate trade credit activity can spur firm growth in Africa.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Alarcón, S. 2011. “Trade Credit in the Spanish Agrofood Industry.” Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment 10, no. 2 (June): 51–57. Alarcón, S. 2011. “Trade Credit in the Spanish Agrofood Industry.” Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment 10, no. 2 (June): 51–57.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen, F., M. Qian and J. Xie. 2019. “Understanding Informal Financing.” Journal of Financial Intermediation 39, no. 2019 (July): 19–33. Allen, F., M. Qian and J. Xie. 2019. “Understanding Informal Financing.” Journal of Financial Intermediation 39, no. 2019 (July): 19–33.
Zurück zum Zitat Amha, W., T. Ferede and M. Demeke. 2013. “The Impact of Financial Access on Firm Growth: Evidence from Ethiopian Grain Traders and Millers.” Ethiopian Journal of Economics 22, no. 1 (April): 139–171. Amha, W., T. Ferede and M. Demeke. 2013. “The Impact of Financial Access on Firm Growth: Evidence from Ethiopian Grain Traders and Millers.” Ethiopian Journal of Economics 22, no. 1 (April): 139–171.
Zurück zum Zitat Bams, D., J. Bos and M. Pisa. 2016. “Trade Credit: Elusive Insurance of Firm Growth” (GSBE Research Memoranda; no. 029). GSBE. Bams, D., J. Bos and M. Pisa. 2016. “Trade Credit: Elusive Insurance of Firm Growth” (GSBE Research Memoranda; no. 029). GSBE.
Zurück zum Zitat Barrot, J.-N. 2016. “Trade Credit and Industry Dynamics: Evidence from Trucking Firms.” The Journal of Finance 71, no. 5 (October): 1975–2016. Barrot, J.-N. 2016. “Trade Credit and Industry Dynamics: Evidence from Trucking Firms.” The Journal of Finance 71, no. 5 (October): 1975–2016.
Zurück zum Zitat Beck. T., A. Demirguc-Kunt and V. Maksimovic. 2008. “Financing Patterns Around the World: Are Small Firms Different?” Journal of Financial Economics, 89 no. 3: 467–487. Beck. T., A. Demirguc-Kunt and V. Maksimovic. 2008. “Financing Patterns Around the World: Are Small Firms Different?” Journal of Financial Economics, 89 no. 3: 467–487.
Zurück zum Zitat Belsley, D. A. 1988. “Two- or Three-Stage Least Squares?” Computer Science in Economics and Management 1, no. 1 (January): 21–30. Belsley, D. A. 1988. “Two- or Three-Stage Least Squares?” Computer Science in Economics and Management 1, no. 1 (January): 21–30.
Zurück zum Zitat Blakley, D. L. and A. D. Sti 1991. “Inflation and Firm Growth: A Reassessment.” In Modelling for Financial Decisions: Studies in Financial Modelling, edited by J. Spronk and B. Matarazzo. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Blakley, D. L. and A. D. Sti 1991. “Inflation and Firm Growth: A Reassessment.” In Modelling for Financial Decisions: Studies in Financial Modelling, edited by J. Spronk and B. Matarazzo. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Zurück zum Zitat Blazenko, G. and K. E. Vandezande. 2003. “The Product Differentiation Hypothesis for Corporate Trade Credit.” Managerial Decision Economics 24, nos. 6/7 (September/November): 457–469. Blazenko, G. and K. E. Vandezande. 2003. “The Product Differentiation Hypothesis for Corporate Trade Credit.” Managerial Decision Economics 24, nos. 6/7 (September/November): 457–469.
Zurück zum Zitat Boissay, F. and R. Gropp. 2007. “Trade Credit Defaults and Liquidity Provision by Firms.” European Central Bank Working Paper Series 753. Boissay, F. and R. Gropp. 2007. “Trade Credit Defaults and Liquidity Provision by Firms.” European Central Bank Working Paper Series 753.
Zurück zum Zitat Bougheas, S., S. Mateut and P. Mizen. 2009. “Corporate Trade Credit and Inventories: New Evidence of a Trade-Off from Accounts Payable and Receivable.” Journal of Banking and Finance 33, no. 2 (February): 300–307. Bougheas, S., S. Mateut and P. Mizen. 2009. “Corporate Trade Credit and Inventories: New Evidence of a Trade-Off from Accounts Payable and Receivable.” Journal of Banking and Finance 33, no. 2 (February): 300–307.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaston, I. and T. Mangles. 1997. “Core Capabilities as Predictors of Growth Potential in Small Manufacturing Firms.” Journal of Small Business Management 35, no. 1 (January): 47–57. Chaston, I. and T. Mangles. 1997. “Core Capabilities as Predictors of Growth Potential in Small Manufacturing Firms.” Journal of Small Business Management 35, no. 1 (January): 47–57.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, D., M. Liu, T. Ma and X. Martin. 2017. “Accounting Quality and Trade Credit.” Accounting Horizons 31, no. 3 (September): 69–83. Chen, D., M. Liu, T. Ma and X. Martin. 2017. “Accounting Quality and Trade Credit.” Accounting Horizons 31, no. 3 (September): 69–83.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, K., E. M. Babb and L. F. Schrader. 1985. “Growth of Large Cooperative and Proprietary Firms in the US Food Sector.” Agribusiness 1, no. 2 (Summer): 201–210. Chen, K., E. M. Babb and L. F. Schrader. 1985. “Growth of Large Cooperative and Proprietary Firms in the US Food Sector.” Agribusiness 1, no. 2 (Summer): 201–210.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheng, S. N. and R. Pike. 2003. “The Trade Credit Decision: Evidence of UK Firms.” Management and Decision Economics 24, no. 6/7 (September/November): 419–438. Cheng, S. N. and R. Pike. 2003. “The Trade Credit Decision: Evidence of UK Firms.” Management and Decision Economics 24, no. 6/7 (September/November): 419–438.
Zurück zum Zitat Cunat, V. 2007. “Trade Credit: Suppliers as Debt Collectors and Insurance Providers.” The Review of Financial Studies 20, no. 2 (March): 491–527. Cunat, V. 2007. “Trade Credit: Suppliers as Debt Collectors and Insurance Providers.” The Review of Financial Studies 20, no. 2 (March): 491–527.
Zurück zum Zitat Dary, S. K. and H. S. James Jr. 2019. “Does Investment in Trade Credit Matter for Profitability? Evidence from Publicly Listed Agro-Food Firms.” Research in International Business and Finance 47 (January): 237–250. Dary, S. K. and H. S. James Jr. 2019. “Does Investment in Trade Credit Matter for Profitability? Evidence from Publicly Listed Agro-Food Firms.” Research in International Business and Finance 47 (January): 237–250.
Zurück zum Zitat Demirguc-Kunt, A. and E. Detragiache. 1998. “The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries.” IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan 45, no. 1 (March): 81–109. Demirguc-Kunt, A. and E. Detragiache. 1998. “The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries.” IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan 45, no. 1 (March): 81–109.
Zurück zum Zitat Demirguc-Kunt, A. and V. Maksimovic. 1998. “Law, Finance, and Firm Growth.” The Journal of Finance 53, no. 6 (December): 2107–2137. Demirguc-Kunt, A. and V. Maksimovic. 1998. “Law, Finance, and Firm Growth.” The Journal of Finance 53, no. 6 (December): 2107–2137.
Zurück zum Zitat Dunne, T., M. J. Roberts and L. Samuelson. 1989. “The Growth and Failure of US Manufacturing Plants.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 104, no. 4 (November): 671–698. Dunne, T., M. J. Roberts and L. Samuelson. 1989. “The Growth and Failure of US Manufacturing Plants.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 104, no. 4 (November): 671–698.
Zurück zum Zitat Emery, G. W. 1984. “A Pure Financial Explanation for Trade Credit.” The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 19, no. 3 (September): 271–285. Emery, G. W. 1984. “A Pure Financial Explanation for Trade Credit.” The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 19, no. 3 (September): 271–285.
Zurück zum Zitat Emery, G. W. 1987. “An Optimal Financial Response to Variable Demand.” The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 22, no. 2 (June): 209–225. Emery, G. W. 1987. “An Optimal Financial Response to Variable Demand.” The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 22, no. 2 (June): 209–225.
Zurück zum Zitat Evans, D. S. 1987. “Test of Alternative Theories of Firm Growth.” Journal of Political Economy 95, no. 4 (August): 657–674. Evans, D. S. 1987. “Test of Alternative Theories of Firm Growth.” Journal of Political Economy 95, no. 4 (August): 657–674.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferrando, A. and K. Mulier. 2013. “Do Firms Use the Trade Credit Channel to Manage Growth?” Journal of Banking and Finance 37, no. 8 (August): 3035–3046. Ferrando, A. and K. Mulier. 2013. “Do Firms Use the Trade Credit Channel to Manage Growth?” Journal of Banking and Finance 37, no. 8 (August): 3035–3046.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferris, J. S. 1981. “A Transactions Theory of Trade Credit Use.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 96, no. 2 (May): 243–270. Ferris, J. S. 1981. “A Transactions Theory of Trade Credit Use.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 96, no. 2 (May): 243–270.
Zurück zum Zitat Fisman, R. and I. Love. 2003. “Trade Credit, Financial Intermediary Development, and Industry Growth.” The Journal of Finance 58, no. 1 (February): 353–374. Fisman, R. and I. Love. 2003. “Trade Credit, Financial Intermediary Development, and Industry Growth.” The Journal of Finance 58, no. 1 (February): 353–374.
Zurück zum Zitat Fisman, R. and J. Svensson. 2007. “Are Corruption and Taxation Really Harmful to Growth? Firm Level Evidence.” Journal of Development Economics 83, no. 1 (May): 63–75. Fisman, R. and J. Svensson. 2007. “Are Corruption and Taxation Really Harmful to Growth? Firm Level Evidence.” Journal of Development Economics 83, no. 1 (May): 63–75.
Zurück zum Zitat Fulton, M., J. Fulton, S. Clark and C. Parliament. 1995. “Cooperative Growth: Is It Constrained?” Agribusiness 11, no. 3 (May/June): 245–261. Fulton, M., J. Fulton, S. Clark and C. Parliament. 1995. “Cooperative Growth: Is It Constrained?” Agribusiness 11, no. 3 (May/June): 245–261.
Zurück zum Zitat García-Teruel, P. J. and P. Martínez-Solano. 2010. “Determinants of Trade Credit: A Comparative Study of European SMEs.” International Small Business Journal 28, no. 3 (June): 215–233. García-Teruel, P. J. and P. Martínez-Solano. 2010. “Determinants of Trade Credit: A Comparative Study of European SMEs.” International Small Business Journal 28, no. 3 (June): 215–233.
Zurück zum Zitat Gibrat, R. 1931. Les Inégalités Econmiques. Paris: Librairie Du Recueil Sirey. Gibrat, R. 1931. Les Inégalités Econmiques. Paris: Librairie Du Recueil Sirey.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldsmith, R. W. 1969. Financial Structure and Development. Yale, USA and New Haven: Yale University Press. Goldsmith, R. W. 1969. Financial Structure and Development. Yale, USA and New Haven: Yale University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Hao, J. and W. C. Hunter. 1997. “A Test of the Impact of Financial Innovation on Economic Growth.” Managerial Finance 23, no. 11 (November): 64–78. Hao, J. and W. C. Hunter. 1997. “A Test of the Impact of Financial Innovation on Economic Growth.” Managerial Finance 23, no. 11 (November): 64–78.
Zurück zum Zitat Hermelo, F. D. and R. Vassolo. 2007. “The Determinants of Firm’s Growth: An Empirical Examination.” Revista ABANTE 10, no. 1: 3–20. Hermelo, F. D. and R. Vassolo. 2007. “The Determinants of Firm’s Growth: An Empirical Examination.” Revista ABANTE 10, no. 1: 3–20.
Zurück zum Zitat Hyndman, K. and G. Serio. 2010. “Competition and Inter-Firm Credit: Theory and Evidence from Firm-Level Data in Indonesia.” Journal of Development Economics 93, no. 1 (September): 88–108. Hyndman, K. and G. Serio. 2010. “Competition and Inter-Firm Credit: Theory and Evidence from Firm-Level Data in Indonesia.” Journal of Development Economics 93, no. 1 (September): 88–108.
Zurück zum Zitat Jang, S. S. and K. Park. 2011. “Inter-Relationship Between Firm Growth and Profitability.” International Journal of Hospitality Management 30, no. 4 (December): 1027–1035. Jang, S. S. and K. Park. 2011. “Inter-Relationship Between Firm Growth and Profitability.” International Journal of Hospitality Management 30, no. 4 (December): 1027–1035.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwenda, F. and M. Holden. 2014. “Trade Credit in Corporate Financing in South Africa: Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Data Analysis.” Investment Management and Financial Innovations 11, no. 4 (December): 268–278. Kwenda, F. and M. Holden. 2014. “Trade Credit in Corporate Financing in South Africa: Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Data Analysis.” Investment Management and Financial Innovations 11, no. 4 (December): 268–278.
Zurück zum Zitat Kruger, M. E. 2004. Entrepreneurial Theory and Reativity (Chapter 2). South Africa: University of Pretoria etd. Kruger, M. E. 2004. Entrepreneurial Theory and Reativity (Chapter 2). South Africa: University of Pretoria etd.
Zurück zum Zitat Levine, R. and S. Zervos. 1998. “Stock Markets, Banks and Economic Growth.” American Economic Review 88, no. 3 (June): 537–558. Levine, R. and S. Zervos. 1998. “Stock Markets, Banks and Economic Growth.” American Economic Review 88, no. 3 (June): 537–558.
Zurück zum Zitat Long, M. S., I. B. Malitz and A. Ravid. 1993. “Trade Credit, Quality Guarantees, and Product Marketability.” Financial Management 22, no. 4 (Winter): 117–127. Long, M. S., I. B. Malitz and A. Ravid. 1993. “Trade Credit, Quality Guarantees, and Product Marketability.” Financial Management 22, no. 4 (Winter): 117–127.
Zurück zum Zitat Lorunka, C., A. Kessler, H. Frank and M. Lueger. 2011. “Conditions for Growth in One-Person Startups: A Longitudinal Study Spanning Eight Years.” Psicothema 23, no. 3 (August): 446–452. Lorunka, C., A. Kessler, H. Frank and M. Lueger. 2011. “Conditions for Growth in One-Person Startups: A Longitudinal Study Spanning Eight Years.” Psicothema 23, no. 3 (August): 446–452.
Zurück zum Zitat Mateev, M. and Y. Anastasov. 2010. “Determinants of Small and Medium Sized Fast Growing Enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe: A Panel Data Analysis.” Financial Theory and Practice 34, no. 3 (June): 269–295. Mateev, M. and Y. Anastasov. 2010. “Determinants of Small and Medium Sized Fast Growing Enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe: A Panel Data Analysis.” Financial Theory and Practice 34, no. 3 (June): 269–295.
Zurück zum Zitat McKinnon, R. I. 1973. Money and Capital in Economic Development. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. McKinnon, R. I. 1973. Money and Capital in Economic Development. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Zurück zum Zitat McMillan, J. and C. Woodruff. 1999. “Interfirm Relationships and Informal Credit in Vietnam.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 114, no. 4 (November): 1285–1320. McMillan, J. and C. Woodruff. 1999. “Interfirm Relationships and Informal Credit in Vietnam.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 114, no. 4 (November): 1285–1320.
Zurück zum Zitat Meltzer, A. H. 1960. “Mercantile Credit, Monetary Policy, and the Size of Firms.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 42, no. 4: 429–437.CrossRef Meltzer, A. H. 1960. “Mercantile Credit, Monetary Policy, and the Size of Firms.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 42, no. 4: 429–437.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mian, S. and C. Smith. 1992. “Accounts Receivables Management Policy: Theory and Evidence.” The Journal of Finance 47, no. 1 (March): 167–200. Mian, S. and C. Smith. 1992. “Accounts Receivables Management Policy: Theory and Evidence.” The Journal of Finance 47, no. 1 (March): 167–200.
Zurück zum Zitat Nadiri, M. I. 1969. “The Determinants of Trade Credit in the US Total Manufacturing Sector.” Econometrica 37, no. 3 (August): 408–423. Nadiri, M. I. 1969. “The Determinants of Trade Credit in the US Total Manufacturing Sector.” Econometrica 37, no. 3 (August): 408–423.
Zurück zum Zitat Niskanen, J. and M. Niskanen. 2006. “The Determinants of Corporate Trade Credit Policies in a Bank-Dominated Financial Environment: The Case of Finnish Small Firms.” European Financial Management 12, no. 1 (January): 81–102. Niskanen, J. and M. Niskanen. 2006. “The Determinants of Corporate Trade Credit Policies in a Bank-Dominated Financial Environment: The Case of Finnish Small Firms.” European Financial Management 12, no. 1 (January): 81–102.
Zurück zum Zitat Oh, S. and W. S. Kim. 2016. “Growth Opportunities and Trade Credit: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms.” Applied Economics 48, no. 56 (May): 5437–5447. Oh, S. and W. S. Kim. 2016. “Growth Opportunities and Trade Credit: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms.” Applied Economics 48, no. 56 (May): 5437–5447.
Zurück zum Zitat Petersen, M. A. and R. G. Rajan. 1997. “Trade Credit: Theories and Evidence.” The Review of Financial Studies 10, no. 3 (July): 661–692. Petersen, M. A. and R. G. Rajan. 1997. “Trade Credit: Theories and Evidence.” The Review of Financial Studies 10, no. 3 (July): 661–692.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajan, R. J. and L. Zingales. 1998. “Financial Dependence and Growth.” American Economic Review 88, no. 3 (June): 559–586. Rajan, R. J. and L. Zingales. 1998. “Financial Dependence and Growth.” American Economic Review 88, no. 3 (June): 559–586.
Zurück zum Zitat Rahaman, M. M. 2011. “Access to Financing and Firm Growth.” Journal of Banking and Finance 35, no. 3 (March): 709–723. Rahaman, M. M. 2011. “Access to Financing and Firm Growth.” Journal of Banking and Finance 35, no. 3 (March): 709–723.
Zurück zum Zitat Santarelli, E., L. Klomp and A. R. Thurik. 2006. “Gibrat’s Law: An Overview of the Empirical Literature.” In Entrepreneurship, Growth, and Innovation: International Studies in Entrepreneurship, edited by E. Santarelli. Springer, Boston, MA. Santarelli, E., L. Klomp and A. R. Thurik. 2006. “Gibrat’s Law: An Overview of the Empirical Literature.” In Entrepreneurship, Growth, and Innovation: International Studies in Entrepreneurship, edited by E. Santarelli. Springer, Boston, MA.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz, R. A. 1974. “An Economic Model of Trade Credit.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 9, no. 4 (September): 643–657. Schwartz, R. A. 1974. “An Economic Model of Trade Credit.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 9, no. 4 (September): 643–657.
Zurück zum Zitat Shaw, E. S. 1973. Financial Deepening in Economic Development. New York: Oxford University Press. Shaw, E. S. 1973. Financial Deepening in Economic Development. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith, J. K. 1987. “Trade Credit and Informational Asymmetry.” The Journal of Finance 42, no. 4 (September): 863–872. Smith, J. K. 1987. “Trade Credit and Informational Asymmetry.” The Journal of Finance 42, no. 4 (September): 863–872.
Zurück zum Zitat Standard and Poor's Compustat Services. 2017. Compustat Global Annual Data (1998–2016). Retrieved from Wharton Research Data Service. Standard and Poor's Compustat Services. 2017. Compustat Global Annual Data (1998–2016). Retrieved from Wharton Research Data Service.
Zurück zum Zitat Variyam, J. N. and D. S. Kraybill. 1992. “Empirical Evidence on Determinants of Firm Growth.” Economics Letters 38, no. 1992 (January): 31–36. Variyam, J. N. and D. S. Kraybill. 1992. “Empirical Evidence on Determinants of Firm Growth.” Economics Letters 38, no. 1992 (January): 31–36.
Zurück zum Zitat Yasuda, T. 2005. “Firm Growth, Size, Age and Behavior in Japanese Manufacturing.” Small Business Economics 24, no. 1 (February): 1–15. Yasuda, T. 2005. “Firm Growth, Size, Age and Behavior in Japanese Manufacturing.” Small Business Economics 24, no. 1 (February): 1–15.
Zurück zum Zitat Yazdanfar, D. and P. Öhman. 2015. “The Impact of Credit Supply on Sales Growth: Swedish Evidence.” International Journal of Managerial Finance 11, no. 3 (June): 329–340. Yazdanfar, D. and P. Öhman. 2015. “The Impact of Credit Supply on Sales Growth: Swedish Evidence.” International Journal of Managerial Finance 11, no. 3 (June): 329–340.
Zurück zum Zitat Zellner, A. and H. Theil. 1962. “Three-Stage Least Squares: Simultaneous Estimation of Simultaneous Equations.” Econometrica 30, no. 1: 54–78.CrossRef Zellner, A. and H. Theil. 1962. “Three-Stage Least Squares: Simultaneous Estimation of Simultaneous Equations.” Econometrica 30, no. 1: 54–78.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Trade Credit Financing and Firm Growth: A Panel Study of Listed Firms in Africa
verfasst von
Stanley Kojo Dary
Haruna Issahaku
Benjamin Musah Abu
Copyright-Jahr
2022
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75556-0_21

Premium Partner