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2018 | Buch

Trade, Development and Structural Change

Central and Eastern Europe

verfasst von: Anca M. Voicu, Somnath Sen, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso

Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan UK

Buchreihe : Studies in Economic Transition

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This book examines the evolution of trade and trade patterns in Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) and assesses the implications of these patterns on structural change and economic development within transition economies. Taking the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 as a starting point, the authors discuss the transition of former communist CEE countries from centrally planned to market-driven economies, arguing that trade was the primary engine for the economic growth and transition process they experienced. The chapters in this book incorporate the results of previous studies – some of which are based on original research conducted by the authors – dedicated to the integration process of international and European trade. More importantly, the authors look at the broader aspects of structural change and economic development, indeed the whole process of economic transformation. Thus, the book moves well beyond the core ‘trade and growth’ framework to look at technological progress, foreign investment, institutional development and structural change in Central and Eastern European countries.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Introduction: The Journey Begins
Abstract
This chapter discusses briefly the transition journey that Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) have travelled in the last two to three decades. It mentions the faltering early years, the sunk costs of transition, the transformation into maturing upper-income countries, the expansion of trade as well as the process of integration with the European Union, which acts as a core catalyst in growth acceleration. It highlights the importance of trade in general and its importance for the CEECs in particular. We explain the advantages of specialization and trade. We also present the challenges that trade faces in the context of globalization.
Anca M. Voicu, Somnath Sen, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
2. Central and Eastern Europe: A Brief History of Trade between 1945–1989
Abstract
History is important in order to understand the trade-related issues that confronted the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) immediately after 1989 as well as the past and current standing of their trade relations with the world outside the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), a body that governed trade relations between the countries of Central and Eastern Europe before 1989. This chapter discusses the CEECs’ international economic relations before 1989 by explaining the state monopoly and the planning of foreign trade, the inconvertibility of the currencies under the auspices of the CMEA.
Anca M. Voicu, Somnath Sen, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
3. The Fall of the “Iron Curtain”: Can the Central and East European Countries (CEECs) Face the Challenge of Trade-Restructuring and Integration?
Abstract
Overall, the gravity trade results above show that the CEECs had higher potential than actual in terms of trade with the developed economies of the European Union. They were not fulfilling their potential with developed Western Europe in the first phase of transition. As we shall see in later chapters, the position gets reversed by the end of transition and trade with the European Union becomes the engine of growth. The CEECs overfulfil their potential with actual trade racing ahead of what they could conceive of in the early 1990s.
Anca M. Voicu, Somnath Sen, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
4. CEECs and EU in Trade Expansion and Market Structures
Abstract
In this chapter, unlike the others, we employ the broadest definition of the CEECs since we are analyzing trade flows and structures in the widest possible geographical sense. Since trade interrelationships are complex and multilateral, it is but natural to take a wider definition than we have hitherto employed. It also facilitates data collection and econometric analysis which is the central focus of this chapter. Hence, for empirical analysis and a wider perspective, our database and information set for CEECs are somewhat different, although the substantive conclusions are similar. However, in later chapters, we revert back to our specific countries.
Anca M. Voicu, Somnath Sen, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
5. Foreign Direct Investment
Abstract
Since planned economies were relatively autarkic, none of them traded extensively with the capitalist outside world. During the transition, as trade relationships widened internationally, these economies also went through a process of creating new institutions and organizations that required new skills and attitudes more relevant to the global trading world. The relationship between citizens and the state also changed substantially. This chapter discusses the importance and the role played by institutions in a changing economic environment. It also analyzes how institutional change affected the business participants in the new capitalist environment.
Anca M. Voicu, Somnath Sen, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
6. The Role of Domestic Institutions
Abstract
Since planned economies were relatively autarkic, none of them traded extensively with the capitalist outside world. During the transition, as trade relationships widened internationally, these economies also went through a process of creating new institutions and organizations that required new skills and attitudes more relevant to the global trading world. The relationship between citizens and the state also changed substantially. This chapter discusses the importance and the role played by institutions in a changing economic environment. It also analyses how institutional change affected the business participants in the new capitalist environment.
Anca M. Voicu, Somnath Sen, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
7. Structural Change and Transformation within the Transition Economies
Abstract
While previous chapters have concentrated on trade-related issues (including foreign direct investment and institutions with global values), we now consider the inter-dependencies that exist between foreign trade, European integration, economic development and structural change within the common framework of transition. The performance of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) is a classic example of ‘diversity in unity’ where countries have faced differing economic environments and pursued different tactical and strategic policies while maintaining a common vision within the framework of market reforms. The dynamics of economic change, starting from early transition with high sunk costs, to the ‘big push’ forward given by membership of the European Union to the adverse impact of the Great Recession (the ‘big pull’ backward) is explained within a formal framework.
Anca M. Voicu, Somnath Sen, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
8. Economic Performance of Six Economies of Central and Eastern Europe
Abstract
The transition decade of the 1990s was characterized by a dramatic rise in exports, which rose steadily during 1990–1995 but then doubled in the latter half of the decade (see Table 8.33.1). Germany’s share, as the leading economy of the European Union, doubled during the whole period, while the advanced economies of the European Union came to hold 75 percent of aggregate exports by 1999. Overall, the restructuring of the economy was catalyzed by export-led growth.
During the 1990s, mostly under the Mečiar regime, the Slovak Republic was considered as a low-energy reformer compared to, for example, Poland; its ability to attract FDI was remarkably poor, particularly in contrast to the Czech Republic; yet, its growth performance was really good testifying to the fact that the structural reforms do not necessarily depend on traditional prescriptions of neo-classical economics or even the Washington Consensus.
Anca M. Voicu, Somnath Sen, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
9. Conclusion: Back to the Future
Abstract
This chapter provides a brief summary of the issues discussed in the main body of the book. It also gives a perspective on future trends, particularly in terms of productivity, innovation and technology, which is how future trade expansion and technological progress could impact on economic growth and development in the CEECs.
Anca M. Voicu, Somnath Sen, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Trade, Development and Structural Change
verfasst von
Anca M. Voicu
Somnath Sen
Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-1-349-59005-6
Print ISBN
978-0-230-24342-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-59005-6