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2020 | Buch

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Transforming the Gendered Organisation of Labour and Leisure

Women, Labour, Leisure and Family in Lianhe Village, Central China, 1926–2013

verfasst von: Yuqin Huang

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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This book explores how the labour and leisure lives of people in contemporary rural China have been structured and transformed, discussing the changing dynamics of power relations both between and within genders, and in local (village and family/household) and remote (the state and market) contexts. It combines perspectives from sociology, gender studies, social history and demography to investigate the changes and continuities in the lives of women and men in Lianhe, a rural village in central China, examining the period from 1926 to 2013 through the lens of labour and leisure. Employing methods from the field of ethnography, the research focuses on the life stories of three generations, including 57 women in Lianhe.
The book develops a ‘double comparison’ analytical framework to compare the organisation of labour and leisure in the three respective generations, proceeding, on the one hand, diachronically along the historical time, that is, the pre-collective era, collective era and reform era, and synchronically along the women’s life stages on the other. In so doing, the book links women’s shifting role in changing family/household forms with broader socio-economic, political, demographic and cultural changes. Moreover, it employs a holistic perspective to reflect changing patterns in women’s labour and leisure by disrupting the remunerated/unremunerated, home/labour, within/outside household and labour/leisure dichotomies, and exploring the interrelations between them.
Based on this, the book then identifies the determinants of rural women’s labour and leisure and reveals the women’s experiences of their changing identities, particularly concerning their relationships with their parents (-in-law), sisters (-in-law), husbands and children. Particularly highlighting the interdependence and inequality among women, it also reveals their own perception of their identities and relationships, and their understanding of husband–wife fairness and gender equality. Lastly, it demonstrates that the prevalent androcentrism in the remote world does not match the increasing husband–wife fairness in the local world and argues that this mismatch has caused the complex and paradoxical experiences and subjectivities of these women.
Given its scope, the book is of interest to scholars, students and researchers in the fields of sociology, anthropology, gender and development, as well as a general audience looking to explore contemporary rural China.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to this book. It first traces a research trajectory, including both the experiences of the author and the existing research on rural Chinese women’s labour. It then proceeds to development a ‘double comparison’ framework and an intersectional approach. Last, the structure of the book is briefly introduced.
Yuqin Huang
Chapter 2. Insider or Outsider, Both or Neither: Researching Three Generations of Rural Chinese Women’s Lives
Abstract
This chapter introduces the research setting and reflects upon the research process and the fluid power relations between the researcher and the researched.
Yuqin Huang

Gendered Organisation of Labour and Leisure in the Pre-collective Era (1926–1956)

Frontmatter
Chapter 3. Mother’s Daughter: Girls’ Labour and Leisure in the Pre-collective Era (1926–1956)
Abstract
This chapter pays attention to the girlhood of the first unbound feet generation in the pre-collective era. It examines the interplays between the social, economic and demographic changes caused by wars and revolution and such familial/household factors as family structure, son preference and capability for labour, going on to look at how they have shaped the girls’ labour and leisure lives when they were little and at mature girlhood respectively. It also suggests special power relations between them and their parents, especially their mothers.
Yuqin Huang

Gendered Organisation of Labour and Leisure in the Collective Era (1956–1983)

Frontmatter
Chapter 4. Working Young Mothers in the Collective
Abstract
This chapter examines the first generation’s young motherhood period in the collective era (1956–1983). It looks into how the official division of labour between cadres and non-cadres, across gender, age, and marital status in the production team on the one hand, and changes in family structure, including uxorilocal marriage practice, new household division practice, and the rise of conjugal relationship within the family on the other, have shaped and in turn been shaped by the organisation of the women’s labour and leisure and the power relations with their husbands and parents-in-law. It emphasizes the organisation of childcare, and how their understandings of the hierarchal system as a young mother have affected their different investments in their sons’ and daughters’ future.
Yuqin Huang
Chapter 5. Divided Generation: Post-revolutionary Girl Baby Boomers
Abstract
This chapter is about the divided baby boomers’ generation caused by the intersection of biological and historical generations, covering both their girlhood and young motherhood. Besides socio-economic factors, it stresses ‘the number of siblings’ and ‘birth order’ as important factors shaping the women’s labour and leisure lives. It also examines how divided generation phenomenon affects their childcare arrangements. It starts with a brief introduction of the ideological, political and demographic environment in which they grew up, pointing out how they are a divided generation composed of an ‘older sisters’ group and a ‘younger sisters group’, before proceeding to an examination of the labour and leisure lives of each of them.
Yuqin Huang

Gendered Organisation of Labour and Leisure in the Reform Era (1983–2013)

Frontmatter
Chapter 6. The ‘Family Planning Generation’ Grows Up: Rural Daughters in the Reform Era
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the girlhood and young motherhood of the ‘family planning generation’ in the reform era. It suggests not only socio-economic factors, such as the changes in the labour market at both local and national levels, the emergence of rural-to-urban migration, the persistence of household registration policy, but also such factors as the number of siblings, their academic performance, and the resources the family own which contribute to the women’s labour and leisure arrangements. It also examines the gendered effects of the intersection of family planning policy and rural-to-urban labour migration, and how these further shape the marriage, household division and childcare practices for this generation.
Yuqin Huang
Chapter 7. Some Do This, Some Do That: Gender, Generation, Labour Division and Agricultural Development in the Reform Era
Abstract
This chapter compares different configurations of labour organisation of the post-revolutionary baby boomers’ generation and the ‘family planning generation’ as mothers in the reform era caused by their respective experiences during their girlhood and their current family structure, and the wife-husband power relations involved. Based on this, it also discusses how the labour organisation configurations have affected agricultural development, causing a transition from the ‘feminization of agriculture’ to the ‘ageing of farming populations’.
Yuqin Huang
Chapter 8. Silver-Haired Working Women: Intergenerational Contract, Elderly Care and Gender in Lianhe
Abstract
This chapter turns to the labour organisation in the old age period and elderly care. Through a historical and comparative framework, it reveals changing intergenerational contract mechanisms and compares the different elderly care arrangements between the parents’ generation of the first generation, the first generation and the ‘older sisters’ group of the second generation, covering both collective era and reform era. It examines how the variations of the factors both at a structural level and an individual level, such as family structure, number and sex composition of adult children, living arrangement, physical situation, economic standing and appreciation of intergenerational exchange and so on, have produced different social exchange patterns and disparate elder care modalities between genders and cohorts. It particularly stresses the effects of the changing labour systems and adult children’s understanding and appreciation of labour in these systems.
Yuqin Huang
Chapter 9. Labour, Leisure, Gender and Generation: The Organisation of ‘Wan’ and the Notion of ‘Gender Equality’ in Lianhe
Abstract
This chapter turns to the subject of leisure in the reform era. It investigates the changing relationship between labour and leisure, extra spare time current Chinese peasants have gained in the reform era, and how family structure/composition and understandings of leisure have shaped different leisure experiences across gender and age. It also examines different power relations across gender and generation in relation to the distribution of time and money used for leisure, the transformation of self-identity of different generations of women, and the understanding of husband-wife fairness and gender equality both by men and women.
Yuqin Huang

Political Participation in a Rural Society in Transition (1944–2013)

Frontmatter
Chapter 10. Political Participation of Two Generations of Women’s Director, 1944–2013
Abstract
This chapter follows the comparative framework and compares the political participation patterns of two generations of women cadres in Lianhe. Based on the women’s life stories between 1944 and 2013, from a holistic perspective, it treats ‘political participation’ as a form of labour activities. It examines how these women have been organising all sort of activities: farming, non-farming work, domestic chores and care work, and political activities. Based on these, it investigates how rural women’s political participation has been constructed by the state, shaped by the state, market, changing rural society and rural families, and how their complex and paradoxical subjectivities have come into being.
Yuqin Huang
Chapter 11. Conclusion and Discussion
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the major findings of the ‘double comparison’, clarifying the disparities, continuities, interdependence and inequality between these three generations of women, gender relations both in the local world and remote world and the women’s self-identities. It unravels that the prevalent androcentry in the remote world does not match the increasing husband-wife fairness in the local world. It is this mismatch that has caused the complex and paradoxical experiences and subjectivities of contemporary rural Chinese women. It also sums up the determinants of rural Chinese women’s labour and leisure, and further reflects upon the theories/approaches it has adopted.
Yuqin Huang
Metadaten
Titel
Transforming the Gendered Organisation of Labour and Leisure
verfasst von
Yuqin Huang
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-15-6438-3
Print ISBN
978-981-15-6437-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6438-3

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