nach oben

Erschienen in:

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

13. Tunnel Flow and Erosion Processes in an Experimental Catchment

verfasst von : Xiangzhou Xu, Tongxin Zhu, Hongwu Zhang, Lu Gao

Erschienen in: Experimental Erosion

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Soil pipes and tunnels have been reported in a wide range of climatic conditions in the world, yet their hydrological and sediment processes have been much understudied in comparison with surface flows. In this chapter, storm flows and sediment processes were monitored at 6 tunnel systems in an experimental catchment in the Loess Plateau. The results indicate that all the tunnel flow was derived from overland flow entering via inlets. However, both flow discharges and sediment concentrations were highly erratic due to the instability of tunnel systems. Tunnels could be clogged by collapse inside, which reopened in subsequent events. An intensive storm could develop new inlet(s), which either joined the existing tunnel system or started a new one. Partial damming within the tunnel systems also frequently occurred. This chapter showed that at least 43% of water flows and 57% of sediments were routed via tunnels in the experimental catchment.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Effects of Gravity Erosion on Particle Size Distribution of Suspended Sediment

Boucher S C, Powell J M. 1994. Gullying and tunnel erosion in Victoria. Australian Geographical Studies, 32(1): 17–26.

Bryan R B, Harvey L E. 1985. Observations on the geomorphologic significance of tunnel erosion in a semi-arid ephemeral drainage system. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 67(3–4): 257–272.

Bryan R B, Jones J A A. 1997. The significance of soil piping processes: inventory and prospect. Geomorphology, 20(3–4): 209–218.

Carey S K, Woo M K. 2000. The role of soil pipes as a slope runoff mechanism, Subarctic Yukon, Canada. Journal of Hydrology, 233(1–4): 206–222.

Chen Y Z, Luk S H. 1989. Sediment sources and recent changes in the sediment load of the Yellow River, China. Proceedings of 5th International Soil Conservation Conference, Bangkok: 313–323.

Crouch R J, McGarity J W, Storrier R R. 1986. Tunnel formation processes in the Riverina area of NSW, Australia. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 11(2): 157–168.

Dardis G F, Beckedahl H R. 1988. Drainage evolution in an ephemeral soil-pipe gully system, Transkei, Southern Africa// Dardis G F, Moon B P. Geomorphological Studies in Southern Africa: Rotterdam, Balkema: 247–265.

Drew D P. 1982. Piping in the big muddy badlands, southern Saskatchewan, Canada// Bryan R, Yair A. Badland Geomorphology and Piping, Norwich: GeoBook: 293–304.

Faulkner H, Alexander R, Teeuw R, et al. 2004. Variations in soil dispersivity across a gully head displaying shallow sub-surface pipes, and the role of shallow pipes in rill initiation. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29(9): 1143–1160.

Frankl A, Deckers J, Moulaert L, et al. 2016. Integrated solutions for combating gully erosion in areas prone to soil piping: innovations from the drylands of Northern Ethiopia. Land Degradation and Development, 27(8): 1797–1804.

Fuller M L. 1922. Some unusual erosion features in the loess of China. Geographical Review, 12(4): 570–584.

Gilman K, Newson M D. 1980. Soil pipes and pipeflows—a hydrological study in upland wales. Norwich: Geobooks: 114.

Hamilton H. 1990. Field examination of soil erosion and losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from the agricultural watershed in the Loess Plateau, People’s Republic of China. Canada: University of Toronto: 205.

Harvey A. 1982. The role of piping in the development of badlands and gully systems in south-east Spain// Bryan R, Yair A. Badland Geomorphology and Piping. Norwich: GeoBook: 317–335.

Heede B H. 1971. Characteristics and processes of soil piping in gullies. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Research Paper, RM-68: 15.

Holden J. 2005. Controls of soil pipe frequency in upland blanket peat. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 110(F1): F01002.

Jones J A A. 1981. The nature of soil piping: a review of research// British Geomorphological Research Group Research Monograph No.3. Norwich: GeoBooks: 301.

Jones J A A. 1987. The effects of soil piping on contributing areas and erosion patterns. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 12(3): 229–248.

Jones J A A, Crane F G. 1984. Pipeflow and pipe erosion in the Maesnant experimental catchment// Burt T P, Walling D E. Catchment Experiments in Fluvial Geomorphology. Norwich: GeoBooks: 55–72.

Jones J A A, Bryan R B. 1997. Piping erosion. Special Issue in Geomorphology: 319.

Liu D S. 1964. Loess deposits in the middle reaches of Yellow River. Beijing: Science Press: 234 (in Chinese).

Luk S H. 1991. Soil erosion and land management in the Loess Plateau Region, North China. Chinese Geography and Environment, 3: 3–28.

McCaig M. 1983. Contributions to storm quickflow in a small headwater catchment - the role of natural pipes and soil macropores. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 8(3): 239–252.

Onda Y. 1994. Seepage erosion and its implication to the formation of amphitheatre valley heads: a case study at Obara, Japan. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 19(7): 627–640.

Parker G G, Jenne E A. 1967. Structural failure of western highways caused by piping. Highway Research Record, 203.

Parker G G, Higgins C G, Wood W W. 1990. Piping and pseudokarst in drylands. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 252: 77–110.

Piccarreta M, Faulkner H, Bentivenga M, et al. 2006. The influence of physico-chemical material properties on erosion processes in the badlands of Basilicata, Southern Italy. Geomorphology, 81(3–4): 235–251.

Qian N, Wan Z H. 1983. Sedimentology. Beijing: Science Press: 656 (in Chinese).

Seppälä M. 1997. Piping causing thermokarst in permafrost, Ungava Peninsula, Quebec, Canada. Geomorphology, 20(3–4): 313–319.

SISWC (Shanxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation). 1982. Rainfall, runoff and sediment data (1955–1981), unpublished (in Chinese).

Swanson M L, Kondolf G M, Boison P J. 1989. An example of rapid gully initiation and extension by subsurface erosion: coastal San Mateo County, California. Geomorphology, 2(4): 393–403.

Thorp J. 1936. Geography of the soils of China// The National Geological Survey of China. Nanking.

Uchida T, Kosugi K, Mizuyama T. 1999. Runoff characteristics of pipeflow and effects of pipeflow on rainfall-runoff phenomena in a mountainous watershed. Journal of Hydrology, 222(1–4): 18–36.

Verachtert E, Van Den Eeckhaut M, Poesen J, et al. 2010. Factors controlling the spatial distribution of soil piping erosion on loess-derived soils: a case study from central Belgium. Geomorphology, 118(3–4): 339–348.

Walsh R P D, Howells K A. 1988. Soil pipes and their role in runoff generation and chemical denudation in a humid tropical catchment in Dominica. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 13(1): 9–17.

Wang B K. 1989. Factors causing tunnel erosion. Acta of Soil and Water Conservation, 3(3): 84–90 (in Chinese).

Wang X K, Qian N, Hu W D. 1982. The formation and process of confluence of the flow with hyperconcentration in the Gullied-Hilly Loess areas of the Yellow River Basin. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, (7): 26–35 (in Chinese).

Wilson C M, Smart P L. 1984. Pipes and pipe flow processes in an upland catchment Wales. Catena, 11(2–3): 145–158.

Wilson G V, Rigby J R, Dabney S M. 2015. Soil pipe collapses in a loess pasture of Goodwin Creek watershed, Mississippi: role of soil properties and past land use. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 40(11): 1448–1463.

Yair A, Lavee H, Bryan R B, et al. 1980. Runoff and erosion processes and rates in the Zin Valley badlands, Northern Negev, Israel. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 5(3): 205–225.

Zeng B Q. 1983. Methods for soil and water losses monitoring in the small catchment. Soil and Water Conservation of Shanxi, (3): 61–68 (in Chinese).

Zhang Z G, Zheng B Q, Jia Z J. 1992. Precipitation characteristics in Wangjiagou Basin, Western Shanxi// Wang F T. Soil Erosion Management and Application of Geographical Information System on the Loess Plateau Region, Western Shanxi. Beijing: Science Press: 1–12 (in Chinese).

Zhu X M. 1958. Tunnel erosion in the loess region. Construction of the Yellow River, (3): 43–44 (in Chinese).

Zhu T X. 1997. Deep-seated, complex tunnel systems—a hydrological study in a semi-arid catchment, Loess Plateau of China. Geomorphology, 20(3): 255–267.

Zhu T X. 2003. Tunnel development over a 12-year period in a semi-arid catchment of the Loess Plateau, China. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28(5): 507–525.

Zhu T X. 2006. Initiation and development processes of tunnel systems in the hilly loess region of northern China. International Journal of Sediment Research, 21(3): 171–179.

Zhu T X. 2012. Gully and tunnel erosion in the hilly Loess Plateau region, China. Geomorphology, 153–154(1): 144–155.

Zhu T X, Cai Q G, Luk S H. 2000. Contribution of tunnel erosion to sediment yield in a semi-arid catchment. International Journal of Sediment Research, 15(4): 440–444.

Zhu T X, Luk S H, Cai Q G. 2002. Tunnel erosion and sediment production in the hilly loess region, North China. Journal of Hydrology, 257(1–4): 78–90.

Titel: Tunnel Flow and Erosion Processes in an Experimental Catchment
verfasst von: Xiangzhou Xu
Tongxin Zhu
Hongwu Zhang
Lu Gao
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Experimental Erosion
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-3800-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-15-3801-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3801-8_13