UAV-Based Terrain-Following Mapping Using LiDAR in High Undulating Catastrophic Areas

Expanding needs for using UAV (Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles) remote sensing approaches, such as terrain-following aerial mapping applications using LiDAR (light detection and ranging) in catastrophic applications. New extracts in UAV mapping still contain a limited number of studies for analyzing fine-scale mapping accuracy in UAV remote sensing methods—terrain-following aerial mapping for UAVs based on external airborne LiDAR integrated with the flight controller. We introduce the UAV system for the terrain after mapping the high-rise area by circumventing obstacles around it, expanding it so that UAVs flying at low altitudes can collect high-quality ground information while protecting them from all kinds of obstacles up and down. A more informative map is prepared to speed up the rescue and relief operations of the devastated area. Then on-destructive techniques have been surveyed and explored Solani riverbank sites of the high undulating area in Roorkee, Haridwar district in the Indian state of Uttrakhand. This work aims to critically analyze fine-scale remotely sensed data for mapping using LiDAR and UAV obtained the structure from motion photogrammetry. This work outlines the approaches applied to remote sensing data to reveal potential sensitivities, reflecting the close visual methods of the catastrophic region.