13. Unsustainable Management of Plastic Wastes in India: A Threat to Global Warming and Climate Change

First rural to urbanization and now urbanization to smart cities, sign of development also raises some issue of unsustainable approaches of solid wastes and its impact on our ecosystem. The unsustainable solid waste management approaches have adverse impacts on ecosystem and human health. Over 90% of waste were directly thrown in open ground and burned incompletely in low-income countries, and in 2016, 5% of global emissions were generated from solid waste, excluding transportation (World bank, What a waste: an updated look into the future of solid waste management. http://​www.​worldbank.​org/​en/​topic/​urbandevelopment​/​brief/​solid-wastemanagement. Accessed on 10 Apr 2019, 2018). Major part of plastics become a waste on landfill and will take a rest for infinite time. Our ecosystem consumes microplastics and becomes sick. Disintegration of plastics actually gives off powerful greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change. Carbon dioxide and methane are well-known greenhouse gases contributing to global warming effect and also responsible for climate change up to some extent.