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Erschienen in:
Partial Least Squares Modeling of Lunar Surface FeO Content with Clementine Ultraviolet-Visible Images Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

7. Upper Ionosphere of Mars During Solar Quiet and Disturbed Conditions

verfasst von : S. A. Haider

Erschienen in: Planetary Exploration and Science: Recent Results and Advances

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

In this chapter, we have described upper and lower ionospheric measurements, which have been obtained from radio occultation experiment onboard Mariners 6, 7 and 9; Mars 4 and 5; Viking 1 and 2; Mars Global Surveyor; and Mars Express. The ionisation sources like solar EUV, X-ray and particle radiations have been discussed. Observations on the upper ionosphere of Mars during disturbances like aurorae, solar flares, solar energetic particles and coronal mass ejections are also described. The understanding of complex behaviour of Martian ionosphere requires a balanced effort in the area of theoretical modelling. Therefore, we have also reported modelling of the upper ionosphere of Mars during quiet and disturbed conditions. At present measurements on the ionosphere of Mars are limited to middle- and high-latitude region. The low-latitude ionosphere of Mars is not observed. The physics of the low-latitude ionosphere could be very different from middle- and high-latitude ionosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to look for opportunities for obtaining observations at low-latitude region.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Automatic Recognition of Impact Craters on the Martian Surface from DEM and Images
Nächstes Kapitel Mars Astrobiology: Recent Status and Progress
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Metadaten
Titel
Upper Ionosphere of Mars During Solar Quiet and Disturbed Conditions
verfasst von
S. A. Haider
Copyright-Jahr
2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch
Planetary Exploration and Science: Recent Results and Advances

Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45051-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-45052-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2015

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45052-9_7

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