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2014 | Buch

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Volcanic Tourist Destinations

herausgegeben von: Patricia Erfurt-Cooper

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This comprehensive book addresses the pressing need for up-to-date literature on volcanic destinations (active and dormant) and their role in tourism worldwide in chapters and case studies. The book presents a balanced view about the volcano-based tourism sector worldwide and discusses important issues such as the different volcanic hazards, potential for disasters and accidents and safety recommendations for visitors. Individual chapters and case studies are contributed by a number of internationally based co-authors, with expertise in geology, risk management, environmental science and other relevant disciplines associated with volcanoes. Also covered are risk aspects of volcano tourism such as risk perception, risk management and public safety in volcanic environments. Discussions of the demand for volcano tourism, including geotourism and adventure tourism as well as some historical facts related to volcanoes, with case studies of interesting socio-cultural settings are included.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Introduction

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction

Abstract

Volcano tourism involves the exploration and study of active volcanic and geothermal landforms. Volcano tourism also includes visits to dormant and extinct volcanic regions where remnants of volcanic activity attract visitors with an interest in geological heritage (Erfurt-Cooper 2010).

Patricia Erfurt-Cooper

European Volcanoes

Frontmatter

Chapter 2. Southern Iceland: Volcanoes, Tourism and Volcanic Risk Reduction

Abstract

Tourists flock to southern Iceland to experience the impressive landscapes surrounding the Hekla, Eyjafjallajökull, Katla and Grímsvötn volcanoes. This chapter describes these volcanic systems and their recent activity. It also provides detail on strategies implemented by government agencies to reduce volcanic risk in this region.

Deanne K. Bird, Guðrún Gísladóttir

Chapter 3. Tourism and Volcanism in the Canary Islands, Spain

Abstract

The Canary Islands, which are located in the North Atlantic Ocean near Europe and Northern Africa, consist of seven volcanic islands and many islets, with a spring climate that prevails year round. Their vertiginous contrasting landscapes and gentle climates have created an ideal environment for a rich diversity of species and habitats. These environmental features of the Canary Islands, together with their proximity to the most important departure points for European tourism, enhance their tourist appeal.

Jasmine Cardozo Moreira, Roberto Rendeiro Martín-Cejas, Guillermo Melendez-Hevia

Chapter 4. The Azores Archipelago: Islands of Geodiversity

Abstract

The Azores Archipelago (a Portuguese Autonomous Region) is located in the North Atlantic at the distance of 1,815 km from the Mainland Portugal, and is formed by nine islands and several islets, which are dispersed along a strip with 600 km length and with a WNW-ESE trend.

João Carlos Nunes

Chapter 5. Volcano Tourism in Greece: Two Case Studies of Volcanic Islands

Abstract

The Greek volcanoes are part of the Aegean Volcanic Arc, which is caused by the subduction of the African tectonic plate under the Eurasian plate. Santorini is the most famous volcano in Greece, and was the site of the most recent volcanic eruption in Greece in 1950; the others are Methana, Mílos, Nisyros, Yali and Kos (Table 5.1).

Kalliopi Gaki-Papanastassiou, Dimitrios Papanastassiou

Chapter 6. Volcano Tourism in Turkey

Abstract

Geotourism can be considered as a part of natural area tourism and ecotourism, but is a specialized form of tourism in that the focus of attention is the geosite (Dowling and Newsome 2006). However, one of the most important sectors of geotourism is volcano tourism (Erfurt-Cooper 2010) with many people interested in volcanic environments and therefore it is rapidly being recognised as an exciting new direction for tourism (Wartiti et al. 2007).

Gülpınar Akbulut

Chapter 7. Volcanic Heritage of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region in Eastern-Central Europe

Abstract

The Carpathian-Pannonian Region in eastern-central Europe provides a unique insight into a wide range of volcanic phenomena. Eruptions of various magmas occurred here during the last 20 million years and the last volcanic eruption took place only 30 thousand years ago. Post-volcanic erosion revealed nicely the inner structure of the volcanic edifices and preserved almost all of the typical volcanic formations characterize the basaltic through andesitic-dacitic to rhyolitic volcanism. The volcanic heritage meets with cultural, historic, gastronomic and winery pleasures and hospitality of local people. Geotourism is a developing area here supported by two new Geoparks, both based primarily on volcanic heritage and a unique thematic Volcano Park.

Szabolcs Harangi

Chapter 8. Aspects of Volcano Tourism in Italy: The San Venanzo Volcano Park and Museum

Abstract

Italian volcanoes directly attract at least one million visitors per year due to their special concourse of natural and archaeological resources. On the top of the list is the Vesuvius with 0.5 million but other notable examples are the Pozzuoli Solfatara and Campi Flegrei (0.3 million), Etna and Stromboli active volcanoes (Fig. 8.1).

Francesco Stoppa

Chapter 9. Volcanic Geotourism in France

New Perspectives for Geotourism Development

Abstract

France, land of volcanoes! Hard to imagine? Yet metropolitan France and its overseas territories offer traces of various volcanic episodes that have occurred for more than two billion years. More or less spectacular and until a few years ago often travelled only by specialists, many volcanic geotopes are now the subject of tourism development for the wider public.

Nathalie Cayla

Chapter 10. La Garrotxa Volcanic Zone, Spain

Abstract

La Garrotxa Volcanic Zone (Spain) is situated in south-west Europe in the north-east corner of the Iberian Peninsula. Its nearest geographical points of reference are the Pyrenean mountain chain to the north and the Mediterranean Sea to the east, while the well-known city of Barcelona lies just 150 km to the south.

Josep M. Prats, Emili Bassols

Chapter 11. The Giants Causeway and Fingals Cave

Linked Volcanic Tourist Attractions in Ireland and Scotland

Abstract

Linked volcanism has become a world recognised tourism resource of today in two particular locations. The attractions that are now the Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland and Fingal’s Cave in Scotland were formed by the same lava flows about 60 million years ago.

Malcolm J. M. Cooper

The Pacific Ring of Fire

Frontmatter

Chapter 12. Volcanoes of the Tongariro National Park, New Zealand

Abstract

The volcanoes of Tongariro National Park (TNP) are located in the central North Island of New Zealand. Three active volcanoes, Ruapehu (2797 m), Ngauruhoe (2287 m) and Tongariro (1967 m) (Figs.12.1a–c, and 12.2) and several smaller extinct cones comprise the Tongariro Volcanic Centre most of which lies within the national park. The park is 300 km south of Auckland and 300 km north of Wellington with state highways and the main railway giving easy access. Ohakune and Turangi are the two largest towns at the boundaries of the park while Whakapapa Village lies inside the park on the lower slopes of Mt Ruapehu.

Harry Keys, Karen Williams

Chapter 13. Taiwan Geotourism: A Volcanic Experience

Abstract

The beautiful island of Formosa, now known as Taiwan, has been described as ‘standing at the crossroads of nature and development’. With a population of just over 23 million, not dissimilar in size to that of Australia, Taiwan comprises an area about one half of the area of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Most visitors to Taiwan are familiar with the industrial landscape that extends down the western half of the island, but have not been exposed to the beauty of its central mountain ranges and coastal environs of Eastern Taiwan.

Angus M. Robinson, Jiun-Chuan Lin

Chapter 14. Galápagos: An Emerging Volcano Tourism Destination

Abstract

The Galápagos Islands of Ecuador are located in the eastern Pacific Ocean 927 km off the west coast of South America. The islands lie on the equator and cross into both the northern and southern hemispheres.

Ross Dowling

Chapter 15. Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA

Abstract

May 18, 1980. Sunrise and a crystal-clear morning. Mount St. Helens was a beautiful, peaceful, snow-capped mountain surrounded by pristine forests and lakes(Fig. 15.1). Yes, it was known to be spitting ash and shaking, but it was still fundamentally the same Mount St. Helens that had for decades been a favorite camping and fishing destination of local residents. At 8:32 a.m. Mount St. Helens turned ugly, unleashing a mind-boggling landslide that left a huge crater where the peak had been and a thick jumble of rock with an average thickness of 150-feet (45.7 m) filling the lush valley that once led to much-beloved Spirit Lake.

Chris Newhall, Peter Frenzen, Carolyn Driedger

Chapter 16. Volcano Tourism at Mount Batur in Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Bali is one of the Indonesian islands of the lesser Sunda group and is dominated by a chain of active and dormant volcanic mountain ranges including Mount Agung (3,143 m) and Mount Batur (1,717 m) as the highest mountains. Indonesia has around 500 volcanoes of which 129 are classed as active (Murdoch University 2012).

Patricia Erfurt-Cooper

Chapter 17. Krakatau: Tourism and the Recovery of a Volcanic Rainforest

Abstract

One of the most famous volcanoes in the world, Krakatau (often referred to as ‘Krakatoa’), is in a group of four uninhabited islands situated in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra (Fig. 17.1). The islands comprise Rakata, Sertung, Panjang (sometimes known as Rakata Kecil, meaning ‘little Rakata’) and the currently active Anak Krakatau (‘child of Krakatau’) that emerged from the sea in the 1920s, becoming a permanent island in 1930.

Richard Field, David Newsome

Chapter 18. Volcanic National Parks in Japan

Abstract

Volcanic tourism destinations are the theme of this book, and the National Parks on the islands of Japan are a tourist mecca in this regard, with many active sites, geothermal fields and their related phenomena such as volcanic hot springs as attractions.

Malcolm J. M. Cooper

Chapter 19. Rabaul: Papua New Guinea

Abstract

Rabaul volcano, located on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea (PNG) features a breached flooded caldera open to the sea (Fig. 19.1). The volcano is located proximate to the junction of the South Bismarck, Solomon Sea and South Bismarck tectonic plates, is tectonically active and one of the most active and most dangerous volcanoes in PNG. Past effusive and violent eruptions resulted in a beached sea flooded caldera about 6000 BP (Williams 2013). The volcano has a history of effusive basaltic eruptions, dacitic and rhyolitic explosive eruptions and strombolian eruptions. The caldera has a number of volcanoes including Tovanumbatir, Kabiu, Turangunan, Tavurvur and Vulcan (Green et al. 1986). The highest point of the Rabaul caldera rises 688 m above the sea and features remnants of a shield formed by past pyroclastic flow deposits.

Bruce Prideaux

Volcanic Destinations Worldwide

Frontmatter

Chapter 20. Australia’s Volcanic Heritage

Abstract

In tourism terms Australia is a country perhaps known more for its unique wildlife than its geological heritage. While unusual rock formations such as Uluru (Ayers Rock), the Bungle Bungle Ranges, and Wave Rock in Western Australia are known tourist attractions, there is also a surprising abundance of remnant volcanic landscapes on the Australian mainland. Apart from numerous national parks and other protected sites, several UNESCO World Heritage listed properties also contain volcanic heritage. Not as accessible for tourists are the Heard and McDonald Islands, which are mainly visited by scientists, which has left their rare pristine ecosystems largely preserved from human impact. Heard Island's volcano Big Ben is the only one currently active on Australian territory and the island can be accessed only with a special permit.

Patricia Erfurt-Cooper

Chapter 21. Halema‘uma‘u’s Lava Lake Brightens After Dark: Geotourism in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park

Abstract

Geotourism plays a key economic role throughout the Hawaiian Islands (King 2010a). Perhaps nowhere in the state is this more apparent than on the Island of Hawai‘i.

Lisa M. King, Ted A. Brattstrom

Chapter 22. The Volcanic Heritage of Iran

Abstract

Iran is situated in the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt. Two mountain ranges, the east-west trending Alborz Mountains and the northwest-southeast trending Zagros mountain ranges dominate the tectonic features of the country. The lower to middle Eocene Epoch was a period of extensive volcanism in most of Iran, but the present physiography of the country is related to the late Tertiary period, and the volcanism which began in this period continues to the present.

Alireza Amrikazemi

Chapter 23. Erta Ale and the Danakil Rift Zone

Abstract

Ethiopia may not be the first country to come to mind when considering where to find active volcanoes to visit. Located on the horn of Africa, at the southeastern margin of the Sahara Desert, Ethiopia is better known for its archeological and historical tourism, as well as its struggles with famine and concerns with neighbors South Sudan, Somalia and Eritrea. However, one of the rare treasures of active volcanoes, a roiling and churning lake of lava (Fig. 23.1), resides within Ethiopia’s borders and draws volcanologists and adventurers from around the world to its edge. Aside from the volcano, the Dallol geothermal region is one of the most wonderfully colorful and photogenic volcanic landscapes in the world, still largely unknown, though at risk of having its fragile environment damaged by unprotected tourism.

Rosaly M. C. Lopes, Jani Radebaugh

Chapter 24. Fernando de Noronha Archipelago: A Paradise Formed by Volcanism in Brazil

Abstract

This chapter presents aspects of the volcanic Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, one of the leading ecotourism destinations in South America, which is composed of two protected areas and recognized as World Heritage by UNESCO since 2001 (Fig. 24.1).

Jasmine Cardozo Moreira, Gilson Burigo Guimarães

Chapter 25. Reunion Island: A Volcanic Showcase

Abstract

Réunion Island is a French overseas department situated in the Indian Ocean. It is around 800 km east of the coast of Madagascar and 200 km to the south west of Mauritius, the nearest island (D’Haese et al. 2009).

Ross Dowling, Julie Margueritte

Chapter 26. Volcano Tourism: The Effect of Eruptions and Disasters

Abstract

There are many factors which affect tourism globally; this chapter aims to discuss the impact natural disasters can have on the tourism industry, looking in particular at certain events such as the eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano in Montserrat, the unexpected Chaitén volcano eruption in Chile in 2008, the December 2009 eruption of Mayon volcano in the Philippines and last but not least the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull in 2010.

Henry Gaudru

Chapter 27. A Dilemma for Tourists and Land Managers Alike: What Risks to Take?

Abstract

Volcanoes and tourists are like magnets—they either attract or repel each other, with a force strongly dependent on proximity. Some tourists (let’s call them Group A), when nearing a volcano, are drawn ever more strongly to its summit or crater. Other tourists (Group B) are repulsed, stepping back from the volcano.

Chris Newhall

Conclusion

Frontmatter

Chapter 28. Conclusion

Abstract

The diversity of their landforms and geothermal features has made volcanic regions extremely attractive to a broad range of visitors. In addition, from thousands of volcanic destinations worldwide many are located in protected sites such as national parks, geoparks, and world heritage areas, adding a further dimension to their attraction as tourist destinations.

Patricia Erfurt-Cooper

Backmatter

Titel: Volcanic Tourist Destinations
herausgegeben von: Patricia Erfurt-Cooper
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-16191-9
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16191-9