Skip to main content

2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Water-Dependent Ecosystems in Italy

verfasst von : Riccardo Santolini, Tommaso Pacetti, Elisa Morri

Erschienen in: Water Law, Policy and Economics in Italy

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Water is a key element of all the ecosystems and creates a complex web of connections between nature and society that need to be properly understood and quantified. Ecosystem services assessment, combining ecology with economic evaluation, can help identify holistic management strategies that preserve the ecosystems multifunctionality while enhancing the benefits produced by water. In the last decades, Italy has moved towards the adoption of an “(eco)systemic approach” in natural resources management, from local pilot experiences (for instance, Regional Law no. 13/1997 in Piedmont) up to the recognition of the importance of Natural Capital and its accounting in the national legislation (the 2015 Collegato Ambientale). In between, several experiences of innovative management practices, such as Payments for Ecosystem Services, have been experimented. The overview here presented aims at giving evidence of the work done so far, highlighting the limits and potential of introducing the concept of ecosystem services to support watershed management.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Bagstad, K. J., Semmens, D. J., Waage, S., & Winthrop, R. (2013). A comparative assessment of decision-support tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation. Ecosystem Services, 5, 27–39.CrossRef Bagstad, K. J., Semmens, D. J., Waage, S., & Winthrop, R. (2013). A comparative assessment of decision-support tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation. Ecosystem Services, 5, 27–39.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bazilian, M., Rogner, H., Howells, M., Hermann, S., Arent, D., Gielen, D., & Yumkella, K. K. (2011). Considering the energy, water and food nexus: Towards an integrated modelling approach. Energy Policy, 39(12), 7896–7906.CrossRef Bazilian, M., Rogner, H., Howells, M., Hermann, S., Arent, D., Gielen, D., & Yumkella, K. K. (2011). Considering the energy, water and food nexus: Towards an integrated modelling approach. Energy Policy, 39(12), 7896–7906.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Belnap, J., Welter, J. R., Grimm, N. B., Barger, N., & Ludwig, J. A. (2005). Linkages between microbial and hydrologic processes in arid and semiarid watersheds. Ecology, 86(2), 298–307.CrossRef Belnap, J., Welter, J. R., Grimm, N. B., Barger, N., & Ludwig, J. A. (2005). Linkages between microbial and hydrologic processes in arid and semiarid watersheds. Ecology, 86(2), 298–307.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Berardi, D., Borghini, A., Gusmerotti, N. M., Santolini, R., Signori, F., & Traini, S. (2017). Il capitale naturale: l’ambiente che vale. Acqua, 85, 1–23. Ref Ricerche ed. Milano. Berardi, D., Borghini, A., Gusmerotti, N. M., Santolini, R., Signori, F., & Traini, S. (2017). Il capitale naturale: l’ambiente che vale. Acqua, 85, 1–23. Ref Ricerche ed. Milano.
Zurück zum Zitat Braat, L. C., & de Groot, R. (2012). The ecosystem services agenda: Bridging the worlds of natural science and economics, conservation and development, and public and private policy. Ecosystem Services, 1, 4–15.CrossRef Braat, L. C., & de Groot, R. (2012). The ecosystem services agenda: Bridging the worlds of natural science and economics, conservation and development, and public and private policy. Ecosystem Services, 1, 4–15.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brauman, K. A. (2015). Hydrologic ecosystem services: linking ecohydrologic processes to human well‐being in water research and watershed management. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 2(4), 345–358. Brauman, K. A. (2015). Hydrologic ecosystem services: linking ecohydrologic processes to human well‐being in water research and watershed management. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 2(4), 345–358.
Zurück zum Zitat Brauman, K. A., Daily, G. C., Duarte, T. K. E., & Mooney, H. A. (2007). The nature and value of ecosystem services: An overview highlighting hydrologic services. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 32, 67–98.CrossRef Brauman, K. A., Daily, G. C., Duarte, T. K. E., & Mooney, H. A. (2007). The nature and value of ecosystem services: An overview highlighting hydrologic services. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 32, 67–98.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brouwer, R., Barton, D., Bateman, I., Brander, L., Georgiou, S., Martín-Ortega, J., & Wagtendonk, A. (2009). Economic valuation of environmental and resource costs and benefits in the water framework directive: Technical guidelines for practitioners. Amsterdam: Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam. Brouwer, R., Barton, D., Bateman, I., Brander, L., Georgiou, S., Martín-Ortega, J., & Wagtendonk, A. (2009). Economic valuation of environmental and resource costs and benefits in the water framework directive: Technical guidelines for practitioners. Amsterdam: Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam.
Zurück zum Zitat Carvalho, L., Mackay, E. B., Cardoso, A. C., Baattrup-Pedersen, A., Birk, S., Blackstock, K. L., & Globevnik, L. (2019). Protecting and restoring Europe’s waters: An analysis of the future development needs of the Water Framework Directive. Science of the Total Environment, 658, 1228–1238.CrossRef Carvalho, L., Mackay, E. B., Cardoso, A. C., Baattrup-Pedersen, A., Birk, S., Blackstock, K. L., & Globevnik, L. (2019). Protecting and restoring Europe’s waters: An analysis of the future development needs of the Water Framework Directive. Science of the Total Environment, 658, 1228–1238.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cataldi, M. A., Morri, E., Scolozzi, R., Zaccarelli, N., Santolini, R., Pace, D. S., Berretta, C. (2010). Stima dei servizi ecosistemici a scala regionale come supporto a strategie di sostenibilità Evaluation of ecosystem services at regional scale as support. Cataldi, M. A., Morri, E., Scolozzi, R., Zaccarelli, N., Santolini, R., Pace, D. S., Berretta, C. (2010). Stima dei servizi ecosistemici a scala regionale come supporto a strategie di sostenibilità Evaluation of ecosystem services at regional scale as support.
Zurück zum Zitat CCN. (2017). Comitato per il Capitale Naturale. Primo rapporto sullo stato del capitale naturale in Italia. CCN. (2017). Comitato per il Capitale Naturale. Primo rapporto sullo stato del capitale naturale in Italia.
Zurück zum Zitat CCN. (2018). Comitato per il Capitale Naturale. Secondo rapporto sullo stato del capitale naturale in Italia. CCN. (2018). Comitato per il Capitale Naturale. Secondo rapporto sullo stato del capitale naturale in Italia.
Zurück zum Zitat CCN (2019). Comitato per il Capitale Naturale. Terzo rapporto sullo stato del capitale naturale in Italia. CCN (2019). Comitato per il Capitale Naturale. Terzo rapporto sullo stato del capitale naturale in Italia.
Zurück zum Zitat Costanza, R., & Daly, H. E. (1992). Natural capital and sustainable development. Conservation Biology, 6(1), 37–46.CrossRef Costanza, R., & Daly, H. E. (1992). Natural capital and sustainable development. Conservation Biology, 6(1), 37–46.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Costanza, R., De Groot, R., Braat, L., Kubiszewski, I., Fioramonti, L., Sutton, P., ... & Grasso, M. (2017). Twenty years of ecosystem services: how far have we come and how far do we still need to go?. Ecosystem services, 28, 1–16. Costanza, R., De Groot, R., Braat, L., Kubiszewski, I., Fioramonti, L., Sutton, P., ... & Grasso, M. (2017). Twenty years of ecosystem services: how far have we come and how far do we still need to go?. Ecosystem services, 28, 1–16.
Zurück zum Zitat Duku, C., Rathjens, H., Zwart, S. J., & Hein, L. (2015). Towards ecosystem accounting: a comprehensive approach to modelling multiple hydrological ecosystem services. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 19(10), 4377–4396 Duku, C., Rathjens, H., Zwart, S. J., & Hein, L. (2015). Towards ecosystem accounting: a comprehensive approach to modelling multiple hydrological ecosystem services. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 19(10), 4377–4396
Zurück zum Zitat Eamus, D., Fu, B., Springer, A. E., & Stevens, L. E. (2016). Groundwater dependent ecosystems: Classification, identification techniques and threats. In Integrated groundwater management (pp. 313–346). Cham: Springer.CrossRef Eamus, D., Fu, B., Springer, A. E., & Stevens, L. E. (2016). Groundwater dependent ecosystems: Classification, identification techniques and threats. In Integrated groundwater management (pp. 313–346). Cham: Springer.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Elmqvist, T., Tuvendal, M., Krishnaswamy, J., & Hylander, K. (2011). Managing trade-offs in ecosystem services. In Division of environmental policy implementation (Paper N° 4) (p. 15). The United Nations Environment Programme. Elmqvist, T., Tuvendal, M., Krishnaswamy, J., & Hylander, K. (2011). Managing trade-offs in ecosystem services. In Division of environmental policy implementation (Paper N° 4) (p. 15). The United Nations Environment Programme.
Zurück zum Zitat Falkenmark, M. (2003). Water management and ecosystems: Living with change (Vol. 9). Stockholm: Global water partnership. Falkenmark, M. (2003). Water management and ecosystems: Living with change (Vol. 9). Stockholm: Global water partnership.
Zurück zum Zitat Falkenmark, M., & Rockström, J. (2006). The new blue and green water paradigm: Breaking new ground for water resources planning and management. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 132(3), 129–132.CrossRef Falkenmark, M., & Rockström, J. (2006). The new blue and green water paradigm: Breaking new ground for water resources planning and management. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 132(3), 129–132.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fisher, B., Turner, R. K., & Morling, P. (2009). Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision-making. Ecological Economics, 68(3), 643–653.CrossRef Fisher, B., Turner, R. K., & Morling, P. (2009). Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision-making. Ecological Economics, 68(3), 643–653.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia, X., Barceló, D., Comas, J., Corominas, L., Hadjimichael, A., Page, T. J., & Acuña, V. (2016). Placing ecosystem services at the heart of urban water systems management. Science of the Total Environment, 563, 1078–1085.CrossRef Garcia, X., Barceló, D., Comas, J., Corominas, L., Hadjimichael, A., Page, T. J., & Acuña, V. (2016). Placing ecosystem services at the heart of urban water systems management. Science of the Total Environment, 563, 1078–1085.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gordon, L. J., Finlayson, C. M., & Falkenmark, M. (2010). Managing water in agriculture for food production and other ecosystem services. Agricultural Water Management, 97(4), 512–519.CrossRef Gordon, L. J., Finlayson, C. M., & Falkenmark, M. (2010). Managing water in agriculture for food production and other ecosystem services. Agricultural Water Management, 97(4), 512–519.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Grizzetti, B., Lanzanova, D., Liquete, C., Reynaud, A., & Cardoso, A. C. (2016). Assessing water ecosystem services for water resource management. Environmental Science & Policy, 61, 194–203.CrossRef Grizzetti, B., Lanzanova, D., Liquete, C., Reynaud, A., & Cardoso, A. C. (2016). Assessing water ecosystem services for water resource management. Environmental Science & Policy, 61, 194–203.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Grizzetti, B., Liquete, C., Pistocchi, A., Vigiak, O., Zulian, G., Bouraoui, F., et al. (2019). Relationship between ecological condition and ecosystem services in European rivers, lakes and coastal waters. Science of the Total Environment, 671, 452–465.CrossRef Grizzetti, B., Liquete, C., Pistocchi, A., Vigiak, O., Zulian, G., Bouraoui, F., et al. (2019). Relationship between ecological condition and ecosystem services in European rivers, lakes and coastal waters. Science of the Total Environment, 671, 452–465.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat IPBES. (2019). Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the intergovernmental science- policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (E. S. Brondizio, J. Settele, S. Díaz, & H. T. Ngo, Eds.). Bonn: IPBES Secretariat IPBES. (2019). Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the intergovernmental science- policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (E. S. Brondizio, J. Settele, S. Díaz, & H. T. Ngo, Eds.). Bonn: IPBES Secretariat
Zurück zum Zitat Maes, J., Liquete, C., Teller, A., Erhard, M., Paracchini, M. L., Barredo, J. I., & Meiner, A. (2016). An indicator framework for assessing ecosystem services in support of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. Ecosystem Services, 17, 14–23.CrossRef Maes, J., Liquete, C., Teller, A., Erhard, M., Paracchini, M. L., Barredo, J. I., & Meiner, A. (2016). An indicator framework for assessing ecosystem services in support of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. Ecosystem Services, 17, 14–23.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Maes, J., Teller, A., Erhard, M., Liquete, C., Braat, L., Berry, P., & Paracchini, M. L. (2013). Mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services. An analytical framework for ecosystem assessments under action, 5, 1–58. Maes, J., Teller, A., Erhard, M., Liquete, C., Braat, L., Berry, P., & Paracchini, M. L. (2013). Mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services. An analytical framework for ecosystem assessments under action, 5, 1–58.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin-Ortega, J., Giannoccaro, G., & Berbel, J. (2011). Environmental and resource costs under water scarcity conditions: an estimation in the context of the European Water Framework Directive. Water Resources Management, 25(6), 1615–1633. Martin-Ortega, J., Giannoccaro, G., & Berbel, J. (2011). Environmental and resource costs under water scarcity conditions: an estimation in the context of the European Water Framework Directive. Water Resources Management, 25(6), 1615–1633.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin-Ortega, J., Ferrier, R. C., Gordon, I. J., & Khan, S. (2015). Water ecosystem services: A global perspective (International hydrology series) (p. 175). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Martin-Ortega, J., Ferrier, R. C., Gordon, I. J., & Khan, S. (2015). Water ecosystem services: A global perspective (International hydrology series) (p. 175). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat MEA-Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis (p. 155). Washington, DC: Island Press. MEA-Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis (p. 155). Washington, DC: Island Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2016). Four billion people facing severe water scarcity. Science Advances, 2(2), e1500323.CrossRef Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2016). Four billion people facing severe water scarcity. Science Advances, 2(2), e1500323.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Metzger, M., Rounsevell, M. D. A., Acosta-Michlik, L., Leemans, R., & Schröter, D. (2006). The vulnerability of ecosystem services to land use change. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 114(1), 69–85.CrossRef Metzger, M., Rounsevell, M. D. A., Acosta-Michlik, L., Leemans, R., & Schröter, D. (2006). The vulnerability of ecosystem services to land use change. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 114(1), 69–85.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mooney, H. A., Ehrlich, P. R., & Daily, G. E. (1997). Ecosystem services: A fragmentary history. In Nature’s Services: Societal dependence on natural ecosystems (pp. 11–19). Mooney, H. A., Ehrlich, P. R., & Daily, G. E. (1997). Ecosystem services: A fragmentary history. In Nature’s Services: Societal dependence on natural ecosystems (pp. 11–19).
Zurück zum Zitat O’Neill, J. (2013). Markets, deliberation and environment. London: Routledge.CrossRef O’Neill, J. (2013). Markets, deliberation and environment. London: Routledge.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Palomo, I., Martín-López, B., Potschin, M., Haines-Young, R., & Montes, C. (2013). National Parks, buffer zones and surrounding lands: Mapping ecosystem service flows. Ecosystem Services, 4, 104–116.CrossRef Palomo, I., Martín-López, B., Potschin, M., Haines-Young, R., & Montes, C. (2013). National Parks, buffer zones and surrounding lands: Mapping ecosystem service flows. Ecosystem Services, 4, 104–116.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pettenella, D., Vidale, E., Gatto, P., & Secco, L. (2012). Paying for water-related forest services: A survey on Italian payment mechanisms. Forest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 5(4), 210.CrossRef Pettenella, D., Vidale, E., Gatto, P., & Secco, L. (2012). Paying for water-related forest services: A survey on Italian payment mechanisms. Forest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 5(4), 210.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Revenga, C., Brunner, J., Henninger, N., Kassem, K., & Payne, R. (2000). Freshwater systems. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Revenga, C., Brunner, J., Henninger, N., Kassem, K., & Payne, R. (2000). Freshwater systems. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.
Zurück zum Zitat Salzman, J., Bennett, G., Carroll, N., Goldstein, A., & Jenkins, M. (2018). The global status and trends of Payments for Ecosystem Services. Nature Sustainability, 1(3), 136–144. Salzman, J., Bennett, G., Carroll, N., Goldstein, A., & Jenkins, M. (2018). The global status and trends of Payments for Ecosystem Services. Nature Sustainability, 1(3), 136–144.
Zurück zum Zitat Santolini, R., & Morri, E. (2017a). Criteri ecologici per l’introduzione di sistemi di valutazione e remunerazione dei Servizi Ecosistemici (SE) nella progettazione e pianificazione. In La dimensione europea del consumo di suolo e le politiche nazionali, CRCS Rapporto 2017 (pp. 149–154). Roma: INU ed. Santolini, R., & Morri, E. (2017a). Criteri ecologici per l’introduzione di sistemi di valutazione e remunerazione dei Servizi Ecosistemici (SE) nella progettazione e pianificazione. In La dimensione europea del consumo di suolo e le politiche nazionali, CRCS Rapporto 2017 (pp. 149–154). Roma: INU ed.
Zurück zum Zitat Santolini, R., & Morri, E. (2017b). Valutazione e mappatura dei Servizi Ecosistemici: strumenti di governance sostenibile del paesaggio (Urbanistica 158). Roma: INU ed. Santolini, R., & Morri, E. (2017b). Valutazione e mappatura dei Servizi Ecosistemici: strumenti di governance sostenibile del paesaggio (Urbanistica 158). Roma: INU ed.
Zurück zum Zitat Santolini, R., Morri, E., & D’Ambrogi, S. (2016). Connectivity and ecosystem services in the Alps. In C. Walzer (Ed.), ALPINE NATURE 2030– Concepts for the next generation from protected areas to an ecological continuum. Munchen: German Federal Ministry for the Environment. Santolini, R., Morri, E., & D’Ambrogi, S. (2016). Connectivity and ecosystem services in the Alps. In C. Walzer (Ed.), ALPINE NATURE 2030– Concepts for the next generation from protected areas to an ecological continuum. Munchen: German Federal Ministry for the Environment.
Zurück zum Zitat Santolini, R., Morri, E., & Scolozzi, R. (2011). Mettere in gioco i servizi ecosistemici: Limiti e opportunità di nuovi scenari sociali ed economici. Ri-Vista. Ricerche Progetti. Paesaggio, 2011(4), 41–55. Santolini, R., Morri, E., & Scolozzi, R. (2011). Mettere in gioco i servizi ecosistemici: Limiti e opportunità di nuovi scenari sociali ed economici. Ri-Vista. Ricerche Progetti. Paesaggio, 2011(4), 41–55.
Zurück zum Zitat Scolozzi, R., Cataldi, M., Morri, E., Santolini, R., & Zaccarelli, N. (2010). Il valore economico dei servizi ecosistemici in Italia dal 1990 al 2000: indicazioni per strategie di sostenibilità o vulnerabilità. Scolozzi, R., Cataldi, M., Morri, E., Santolini, R., & Zaccarelli, N. (2010). Il valore economico dei servizi ecosistemici in Italia dal 1990 al 2000: indicazioni per strategie di sostenibilità o vulnerabilità.
Zurück zum Zitat Scolozzi, R., Morri, E., & Santolini, R. (2012). Delphi-based change assessment in ecosystem service values to support strategic spatial planning in Italian landscapes. Ecological Indicators, 21, 134–144.CrossRef Scolozzi, R., Morri, E., & Santolini, R. (2012). Delphi-based change assessment in ecosystem service values to support strategic spatial planning in Italian landscapes. Ecological Indicators, 21, 134–144.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Staponites, L. R., Barták, V., Bílý, M., & Simon, O. P. (2019). Performance of landscape composition metrics for predicting water quality in headwater catchments. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–10.CrossRef Staponites, L. R., Barták, V., Bílý, M., & Simon, O. P. (2019). Performance of landscape composition metrics for predicting water quality in headwater catchments. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–10.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stets, E. G., Sprague, L. A., Oelsner, G. P., Johnson, H. M., Murphy, J. C., Ryberg, K., et al. (2020). Landscape drivers of dynamic change in water quality of US rivers. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(7), 4336–4343.CrossRef Stets, E. G., Sprague, L. A., Oelsner, G. P., Johnson, H. M., Murphy, J. C., Ryberg, K., et al. (2020). Landscape drivers of dynamic change in water quality of US rivers. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(7), 4336–4343.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vigerstol, K. L., & Aukema, J. E. (2011). A comparison of tools for modeling freshwater ecosystem services. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(10), 2403–2409.CrossRef Vigerstol, K. L., & Aukema, J. E. (2011). A comparison of tools for modeling freshwater ecosystem services. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(10), 2403–2409.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat WFD. (2000). European Directive 2000/60/EC – Water Framework Directive. WFD. (2000). European Directive 2000/60/EC – Water Framework Directive.
Zurück zum Zitat Wunder, S., & Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S. (2009). Payments for ecosystem services: A new way of conserving biodiversity in forests. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 28(3–5), 576–596.CrossRef Wunder, S., & Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S. (2009). Payments for ecosystem services: A new way of conserving biodiversity in forests. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 28(3–5), 576–596.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Water-Dependent Ecosystems in Italy
verfasst von
Riccardo Santolini
Tommaso Pacetti
Elisa Morri
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69075-5_6